PDM_IN_Cover_Lake Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Lake County PolisVR300 The Polis Center IUPUI 1200 Waterway Boulevard Suite 100 Indianapolis, IN 46202 Lake County Emergency Management Agency 2900 West 93rd Street Crown Point, Indiana 46307-1854 © Lee Lewellen Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Lake County, Indiana Adoption Date: -- _______________________ -- Primary Point of Contact Jodi Richmond Director Lake County Emergency Management Agency 2900 West 93rd Street Crown Point, Indiana 46307-1854 P: 219-755-3549 F: 219-755-3559 lcemajodi@yahoo.com Secondary Point of Contact Gerry Scheub Lake County Commissioner 219-755-3055 Prepared by: The Polis Center 1200 Waterway Boulevard, Suite 100 Indianapolis, IN 46202 317-274-2455 Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 6 2.0 PREREQUISITES ...................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL PLAN ADOPTION ................................................................. 8 2.2 JURISDICTION PARTICIPATION ...................................................................................... 8 3.0 PLANNING PROCESS ........................................................................................................... 10 3.1 PLANNING TEAM ............................................................................................................. 10 3.2 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT .................................................................................................. 12 3.3 NEIGHBORING COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT .......................................................... 12 3.4 REVIEW OF TECHNICAL AND FISCAL RESOURCES ................................................ 12 3.5 REVIEW OF EXISTING PLANS ....................................................................................... 12 4.0 COUNTY PROFILE ................................................................................................................ 14 4.1 TOPOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................... 14 4.2 CLIMATE ............................................................................................................................ 15 4.3 DEMOGRAPHICS ............................................................................................................... 15 4.4 ECONOMY .......................................................................................................................... 16 4.5 INDUSTRY .......................................................................................................................... 16 4.6 COMMUTER PATTERNS .................................................................................................. 17 4.7 LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS .................................................................. 17 4.8 MAJOR LAKES, RIVERS, AND WATERSHEDS ............................................................ 20 5.0 RISK ASSESSMENT .............................................................................................................. 22 5.1 IDENTIFYING HAZARDS ................................................................................................. 22 5.1.1 Existing Plans ................................................................................................................ 22 5.1.2 National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) Records ......................................................... 22 5.1.3 Hazard Ranking Methodology ...................................................................................... 23 5.1.4 GIS and HAZUS-MH .................................................................................................... 29 5.2 ASSESSING VULNERABILITY ........................................................................................ 30 5.2.1 Essential Facilities List .................................................................................................. 31 5.2.2 Facility Replacement Costs ........................................................................................... 31 5.3 PROFILING HAZARDS ..................................................................................................... 32 5.3.1 TORNADO HAZARD .................................................................................................. 32 HAZUS-MH Tornado Analysis ........................................................................................ 35 Tornado Analysis in Northern Lake County ................................................................... 37 Tornado Analysis in Southern Lake County ................................................................... 41 5.3.2 FLOOD HAZARD ........................................................................................................ 45 HAZUS-MH Analysis Using 100-Year Flood Boundary and County Parcels ................. 51 Lake County (Incorporated and Unincorporated) .......................................................... 52 Town of Cedar Lake ........................................................................................................ 56 City of Crown Point ........................................................................................................ 58 Town of Dyer .................................................................................................................. 60 City of East Chicago ....................................................................................................... 62 City of Gary .................................................................................................................... 65 Town of Griffith .............................................................................................................. 68 City of Hammond ............................................................................................................ 71 Town of Highland ........................................................................................................... 75 City of Hobart ................................................................................................................. 78 City of Lake Station ......................................................................................................... 80 Town of Lowell ................................................................................................................ 82 Town of Merrillville ........................................................................................................ 84 Town of Munster ............................................................................................................. 86 Town of New Chicago ..................................................................................................... 89 Town of Schererville ....................................................................................................... 90 Town of Schneider .......................................................................................................... 93 Town of St. John .............................................................................................................. 95 City of Whiting ................................................................................................................ 97 Town of Winfield ............................................................................................................. 97 5.3.3 EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ........................................................................................ 100 HAZUS-MH Earthquake Analysis .................................................................................. 107 Results for 7.1 Magnitude Earthquake Wabash Valley Scenario ................................. 107 Results for 5.5 Magnitude Earthquake in Lake County ................................................ 109 Results 5.0 Magnitude 500-Year Probabilistic Scenario .............................................. 111 Results Annualized Risk Scenario ................................................................................. 112 5.3.4 THUNDERSTORM HAZARD ................................................................................... 112 5.3.5 WINTER STORM HAZARD ..................................................................................... 124 5.3.7 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RELEASE HAZARD ................................................ 129 HAZUS-MH Hazardous Materials Release Analysis ..................................................... 132 East Chicago Analysis .................................................................................................. 132 Gary/Hammond Analysis .............................................................................................. 142 5.3.8 FIRE HAZARD ........................................................................................................... 150 6.0 MITIGATION STRATEGIES ............................................................................................... 155 6.1 COMMUNITY CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT ................................................................ 155 6.1.1 NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM (NFIP) ......................................... 155 6.1.2 PLANS AND ORDINANCES .................................................................................... 156 6.2 MITIGATION GOALS ...................................................................................................... 157 6.3 MITIGATION ACTIONS/PROJECTS .............................................................................. 158 6.3.1 Strategies by Community ............................................................................................ 161 Unincorporated Lake County ....................................................................................... 161 Town of Cedar Lake ...................................................................................................... 166 City of Crown Point ...................................................................................................... 169 Town of Dyer ................................................................................................................ 172 City of East Chicago ..................................................................................................... 175 City of Gary .................................................................................................................. 178 Town of Griffith ............................................................................................................ 180 City of Hammond .......................................................................................................... 182 Town of Highland ......................................................................................................... 185 City of Hobart ............................................................................................................... 187 City of Lake Station ....................................................................................................... 189 Town of Lowell .............................................................................................................. 195 Town of Merrillville ...................................................................................................... 197 Town of Munster ........................................................................................................... 199 Town of New Chicago ................................................................................................... 203 Town of Schererville ..................................................................................................... 204 Town of Schneider ........................................................................................................ 206 Town of St. John ............................................................................................................ 208 City of Whiting .............................................................................................................. 210 Town of Winfield ........................................................................................................... 211 6.4 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL MITIGATION STRATEGY ............................................... 214 7.0 PLAN MAINTENANCE ....................................................................................................... 215 7.1 MONITORING, EVALUATING, AND UPDATING THE PLAN .................................. 215 7.2 IMPLEMENTATION THROUGH EXISTING PROGRAMS ......................................... 215 7.3 CONTINUED PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT ....................................................................... 215 Glossary of Terms ........................................................................................................................ 217 Appendix A – Minutes of the Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Team Meetings ..................... 219 Appendix B – Articles published by Local Newspaper ............................................................... 244 Appendix C – Historical Hazards from NCDC ............................................................................ 263 Appendix D – Historical Hazard Maps ........................................................................................ 272 Appendix E – Critical Facilities Maps ......................................................................................... 282 Appendix F – USGS Stream Gauge Data ..................................................................................... 299 Appendix G – Adopting Resolutions ........................................................................................... 302 1.0 INTRODUCTION Hazard mitigation is defined as any sustained action to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to human life and property from hazards. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has made reducing hazards one of its primary goals; hazard mitigation planning and the subsequent implementation of resulting projects, measures, and policies is a primary mechanism in achieving FEMA’s goal. The Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) is a requirement of the Federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA2K). The development of a local government plan is required in order to maintain eligibility for certain federal disaster assistance and hazard mitigation funding programs. In order for National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) communities to be eligible for future mitigation funds, they must adopt an MHMP. In the past decade, FEMA has declared a number of emergencies and disasters for the state of Indiana. Emergency declarations allow states access to FEMA funds for Public Assistance (PA); disaster declarations allow for even more PA funding including Individual Assistance (IA) and the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP). Lake County has received federal aid for both PA and IA funding for 12 declared disasters since 1998. Figure 1-1 depicts the disasters and emergencies that have been declared for Lake County within the past decade. Table 1-1 lists more specific information for each declaration. Figure 1-1: FEMA-Declared Emergencies and Disasters in Lake County (1998-2009) Rush Table 1-1: FEMA-Declared Emergencies in Lake County (1998-2009) Date of Incident Date of Declaration Disaster Description Type of Assistance 03/09/98 – 03/12/98 05/08/98 Severe Winter Storms Public 01/01/99 – 01/31/99 01/15/99 Severe Winter Storms Public 12/11/00 – 12/31/00 01/24/01 Severe Winter Storms Public 07/04/03 – 08/06/03 07/11/03 Severe Storms, Tornadoes, and Flooding Individual 05/25/04 – 06/25/04 06/03/04 Severe Storms, Tornadoes, and Flooding Individual 01/01/05 – 02/11/05 01/21/05 Severe Winter Storms and Flooding Individual 09/12/06 – 09/14/06 10/06/06 Severe Storms and Flooding Individual 02/12/07 – 02/14/07 03/12/07 Severe Winter Storms Public 08/15/07 – 08/27/07 11/30/07 Severe Storms and Flooding Individual 01/07/08 – 01/31/08 01/30/08 Severe Storms and Flooding Individual 09/12/08 – 10/06/08 09/23/08 Severe Storms and Flooding Individual and Public 03/08/09 04/22/09 Severe Storms, Tornadoes, and Flooding Individual 2.0 PREREQUISITES It is intended that this plan meet the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA2K) and that each incorporated jurisdiction adopt it. Appendix G includes adopting resolutions. Table 2-1 lists the incorporated communities included in this multi-jurisdictional plan. Table 2-1: Participating Jurisdictions Jurisdiction Name County of Lake Town of Cedar Lake City of Crown Point Town of Dyer City of East Chicago City of Gary Town of Griffith City of Hammond Town of Highland City of Hobart City of Lake Station Town of Lowell Town of Merrillville Town of Munster Town of New Chicago Town of Schererville Town of Schneider Town of St. John City of Whiting Town of Winfield 2.1 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL PLAN ADOPTION The draft plan was made available at the public meeting, which was held March 16, 2010, to the planning team and the general public for review. Comments were then accepted. The Lake County hazard mitigation planning team presented and recommended the plan to the city and town officials of each jurisdiction for adoption. Resolution adoptions and adoption dates are included in Appendix G of this plan. 2.2 JURISDICTION PARTICIPATION It is required that each jurisdiction participates in the planning process. A representative was chosen for each community to attend meetings and serve as the point of contact. Table 2-2 lists each jurisdiction and describes the respective representative’s participation in the construction of this plan. Table 2-2: Jurisdiction Participation Jurisdiction Name Participating Member Participation Description Lake County Jodi Richmond Member, MHMP planning committee Cedar Lake Ian Nicolini Member, MHMP planning committee Crown Point Daniel Niksch Member, MHMP planning committee Dyer Brian Lane Member, MHMP planning committee East Chicago Herbie Cruz Member, MHMP planning committee Gary Alan McCoy Attended meetings, organized resources Griffith George Jerome Attended meetings, offered mitigation strategies Hammond Becky McKinley Member, MHMP planning committee Highland Bill Timmer Attended meetings, offered mitigation strategies Hobart Mike Frank Attended meetings, offered mitigation strategies Lake Station Jim Meyer Attended meetings, offered mitigation strategies Lowell Charlie Price Attended meetings, offered mitigation strategies Merrillville Howard Fink Attended meetings, offered mitigation strategies Munster Dave Pelc Attended meetings, offered mitigation strategies New Chicago Dan Sebbens Attended meetings, offered mitigation strategies Schererville Joe Kruzan Member, MHMP planning committee Schneider Richard Wright Attended meetings, offered mitigation strategies St. John Jason Dravet Attended meetings, offered mitigation strategies Whiting Mark Harbin Attended meetings, offered mitigation strategies Winfield Heidi Kendall Attended meetings, offered mitigation strategies All members of the MHMP planning committee were actively involved in attending the MHMP meetings, providing available Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data and historical hazard information, reviewing and providing comments on the draft plans, coordinating and participating in the public input process, and coordinating the county’s formal adoption of the plan. 3.0 PLANNING PROCESS The Lake County Emergency Management Agency and The Polis Center (Polis) at Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) have joined efforts to develop this mitigation plan, realizing that the recognition of and the protection from hazards impacting the county and its residents contribute to future community and economic development. The planning process was organized by Polis and facilitated by the Lake County Emergency Management Agency (EMA) and consisted of the following tasks: Task 1: Organize Resources The Lake County EMA created a planning team to attend meetings, gather data and historical information, review drafts, and participate in mitigation brainstorming sessions. Task 2: Risk Assessment The planning team identified the natural and technological hazards to include in this plan, and Polis developed hazard event profiles to address the possible magnitudes and severities associated with each hazard. Polis then used local resources to inventory the county’s assets and estimate losses. Task 3: Develop Mitigation Strategies Polis met with representatives of each community to develop and prioritize mitigation strategies and action items that would reduce the costs of disaster response and recovery, protect people and infrastructure, and minimize overall disruption to the county in the event of a disaster. Task 4: Public Involvement The public was invited to attend a meeting to review the draft document. Comments were accepted before Polis forwarded the final plan to the Indiana Department of Homeland Security (IDHS) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for approval. 3.1 PLANNING TEAM The Lake County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Team is headed by Jodi Richmond, who is the EMA Director and the primary point of contact. Members of the planning team include representatives from various county departments, cities and towns, and public and private utilities. Table 3-1, on the following page, identifies the planning team individuals and the organizations they represent. Table 3-1: Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Team Members Name Title Organization Jurisdiction Jodi Richmond Director Lake County EMA Lake County Gerry Scheub Commissioner, President Lake County Commissioners Lake County George Van Til Surveyor Lake County Surveyor’s Office Lake County Alice Dahl Trustee Cedar Creek Township Lake County Ian Nicolini Town Admin Town Board Cedar Lake Daniel Niksch GIS Tech City of Crown Point Crown Point Brian Lane GIS Tech Town of Dyer Dyer Herbie Cruz Director East Chicago EMA East Chicago Alan McCoy EMS Coordinator Calumet Township Lake County/Gary Becky McKinley GIS Manager Hammond Sanitary District Hammond Charlie Price Chief Lowell Fire Department Lowell Keith Soderquist Mayor City of Lake Station Lake Station Dave Pelc EMA Town of Munster Munster Joe Kruzan Fire Chief Schererville Fire Department Schererville Heidi Kendall Office Manager/Deputy Clerk- Treasurer Town of Winfield Winfield DMA2K planning regulations stress that planning team members must be active participants. The Lake County MHMP committee members were actively involved on the following components: • Attending the MHMP meetings • Providing available GIS data and historical hazard information • Reviewing and providing comments on the draft plans • Coordinating and participating in the public input process • Coordinating the formal adoption of the plan by the county An MHMP kickoff meeting was held at the Lake County Homeland Security/Emergency Management Agency building on May 29, 2009. Representatives from Polis explained the rationale behind the MHMP program and answered questions from the participants. Polis also described the timeline and the process of the mitigation planning project and presented Lake County with a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for sharing data and information. The Lake County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee met several times throughout the planning process in various locations. Because Lake County has so many incorporated jurisdictions, Polis conducted group meetings and meetings with individual communities to ensure that each community had an opportunity to participate. Each meeting was approximately one hour in length. During these meetings, the planning team successfully identified critical facilities, reviewed hazard data and maps, identified and assessed the effectiveness of existing mitigation measures, established mitigation projects, and assisted with preparation of the public participation information. Meeting minutes are available in Appendix A. 3.2 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT An effort was made to solicit public input during the planning process, and two public meetings were held on March 16, 2010 to review the county’s risk assessment. At the request of the planning team members, and to provide travel options to the public in northern and southern areas of the county, one meeting was held in the City of Gary; the other meeting was held in the City of Crown Point. Appendix A contains the minutes from both public meetings. Appendix B contains the advertisements of the meetings in local newspapers. 3.3 NEIGHBORING COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT The Lake County planning team invited participation from various representatives of county government, local city and town governments, community groups, local businesses, and universities. The Northwest Indiana Regional Planning Commission (NIRPC) also played a role in coordinating participation from neighboring communities. NIRPC hosts monthly meetings to discuss strategic planning of transportation, environment, and community in northwest Indiana. Throughout this planning process, the monthly meetings were also an opportunity to discuss Lake County’s MHMP and the pre-disaster mitigation program in general. Details of neighboring stakeholders’ involvement are summarized in Table 3-2. Table 3-2: Neighboring Community Participation Person Participating Neighboring Jurisdiction Organization Participation Description Ray Chambers Newton County Newton County EMA Reviewed draft of plan; made comments and suggestions Phil Griffith Porter County Porter County EMA Reviewed draft of plan; made comments and suggestions 3.4 REVIEW OF TECHNICAL AND FISCAL RESOURCES The MHMP planning team has identified representatives from key agencies to assist in the planning process. Technical data, reports, and studies were obtained from these agencies. The organizations and their contributions are summarized in Table 3-3. Table 3-3: Key Agency Resources Provided Agency Name Resources Provided Indiana Department of Homeland Security Provided repetitive loss information Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Digital Flood maps and levee information Indiana Geological Survey GIS data, digital elevation models United States Geological Survey Historical flood data and documentation Lake County Surveyor Office Local GIS data; historical flood data and documentation 3.5 REVIEW OF EXISTING PLANS Lake County and its local communities utilized a variety of planning documents to direct community development. These documents include land use plans, comprehensive plans, emergency response plans, municipal ordinances, and building codes. The planning process also incorporated the existing natural hazard mitigation elements from previous planning efforts. Table 3-4 lists the plans, studies, reports, and ordinances used in the development of the plan. Table 3-4: Planning Documents Used for MHMP Planning Process Author(s) Year Title Description Where Used Lake County Emergency Management Agency 2003 Comprehensive Hazard Analysis Identifies hazards and provides community profile, risk assessment, and impact analysis County profile, risk assessment Lake County Emergency Management Agency 2003 Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Addresses response and recovery in the event of hazards County profile, risk assessment, community capability assessment Lake County Emergency Management Agency 2003 Comprehensive Plan Identified existing and future land use County profile Christopher B. Burke Engineering, Ltd 2007 Town of Dyer Multi- Hazard Mitigation Plan Identifies hazards and provides community profile, risk assessment, and impact analysis County profile, risk assessment, community capability assessment Christopher B. Burke Engineering, Ltd 2007 City of Hammond Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Identifies hazards and provides community profile, risk assessment, and impact analysis County profile, risk assessment, community capability assessment American Structurepoint, Inc. 2009 Lake Station Multi- Hazard Mitigation Plan Identifies hazards and provides community profile, risk assessment, and impact analysis County profile, risk assessment, community capability assessment Little Calumet River Basin Development Commission 2009 N/A A newsletter providing an update of the Little Calumet River Basin project and its benefits Risk assessment, mitigation strategies Town of Munster 2010 Town of Munster Comprehensive Plan Outlines the Little Calumet River project and its future goals and benefits Risk assessment, mitigation strategies Town of Cedar Lake 2007 Cedar Lake Comprehensive Plan Provides land use description Section 6.0 City of Crown Point 2008 Crown Point Comprehensive Plan Provides land use description Section 6.0 Town of Highland 2009 Highland Redevelopment District Comprehensive Plan Describes riverfront redevelopment plan and provides maps Section 6.0 Town of Schererville 2009 Schererville Comprehensive Plan Describes land use and provides maps Section 6.0 4.0 COUNTY PROFILE Lake County, named for Lake Michigan, was organized in 1837; Crown Point is the county seat. The county is part of the Greater Chicago metropolitan area and consists of 19 diverse incorporated communities, as well as a large unincorporated area. Located in the northwestern corner of the state, it is bounded by Cook and Will counties (Illinois) to the west, Porter County to the east, Jasper County to the southeast, Newton County to the south, and Kankakee County (Illinois) to the southwest. Lake Michigan is the northern boundary. A map of Lake County is depicted in Figure 4-1. Figure 4-1: Lake County, Indiana County_Map.png 4.1 TOPOGRAPHY Lake Michigan is the most prominent geographical feature of northwest Indiana. It provides both commercial and recreational opportunities for county residents and tourists. To the south, the region is bordered by the Kankakee River, northwest Indiana’s largest river. Originally an important transportation and fur trading route, the Kankakee River today serves primarily recreation and irrigation purposes. Lake County has rich and fertile soil ideal for farming. While much of this land has been encroached upon by residential communities and commercial developments, parts of the region most distant from Chicago and the shores of Lake Michigan are still dominated by farmland. Source: Lake County Comprehensive Plan 4.2 CLIMATE In Lake County, mid-summer temperatures can be excessively hot and winter snowfall can vary greatly from one year to the next. Humidity averages 60% for mid-afternoon and rises during the evening with dawn humidity around 80%. The possibility for sunshine is 70% in the summer and 45% in the winter. Rainfall is moderately heavy and averages 45 inches annually, falling mostly during the spring and summer months. The average seasonal snowfall is 39 inches. The prevailing wind is from the south-southwest at an average speed of 10 miles per hour. Source: http://www.city-data.com/city/Gary-Indiana.html 4.3 DEMOGRAPHICS Lake County has a population of 493,800. According to STATS Indiana, from 1990–2000, Lake County experienced a population increase of 1.9%. The population is spread through 11 townships including Calumet, Cedar Creek, Center, Eagle Creek, Hanover, Hobart, North, Ross, St. John, West Creek, and Winfield. The breakdown of population by incorporated areas is included in Table 4-1. Table 4-1: Population by Community Community 2008 Population % of County Cedar Lake 10,981 2.2% Crown Point 23,376 4.9% Dyer 15,913 3.2% East Chicago 29,978 6.1% Gary 95,920 19.4% Griffith 16,311 3.3% Hammond 76,732 15.5% Highland 22,641 4.6% Hobart 27,891 5.6% Lake Station 13,246 2.7% Lowell 8,405 1.7% Merrillville 33,057 6.7% Munster 23,592 4.5% New Chicago 1,992 0.4% St. John 12,999 2.6% Schererville 28,886 5.9% Schneider 296 0.1% Whiting 4,751 1.0% Winfield 4,484 0.9% Source: STATS Indiana, 2008 4.4 ECONOMY STATS Indiana reported for 2007 that 87.6% of the workforce in Lake County was employed in the private sector. The breakdown is included in Table 4-2. Health care and social services represent the largest sector, employing approximately 13.6% of the workforce, but manufacturing generates the most profit at approximately 22.1% of the earnings. The 2007 annual per capita income in Lake County is $31,833 compared to an Indiana average of $33,215. Table 4-2: Industrial Employment by Sector Industrial Sector % of County Workforce (2007) Agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting, and mining 0.2% Construction 7.1% Manufacturing 10.7% Wholesale trade 2.9% Retail trade 12.5% Transportation, warehousing and utilities 4.0% Information 0.9% Professional and technical 3.9% Educational, health, and social services 13.6% Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation and food services 10.7% Other services(except public administration) 21.2% Public administration 12.2% Source: STATS Indiana, 2007 4.5 INDUSTRY Lake County’s major employers and number of employees are listed in Table 4-3. The largest employer is U.S. Steel, which has nearly 5,300 employees. Arcelor Mittal Steel is the second largest with 5,100 full-time employees. Table 4-3: Major Employers Company Name Location Employees Type of Business US Steel Gary 5,300 Steel manufacture Arcelor Mittal Steel East Chicago 5,100 Steel manufacture Community Hospital Munster 2,800 Health care Horseshoe Casino Hammond 2,800 Recreation St. Margaret Mercy Health Centers Hammond 2,600 Health care Methodist Hospitals Gary 2,000 Health care BP Whiting 1,800 Petroleum refining Ameristar Casino East Chicago 1,600 Recreation Majestic Star Casinos Gary 1,400 Recreation NIPSCO Hammond 1,300 Energy distribution Source: Lake County Chamber of Commerce, 2006 4.6 COMMUTER PATTERNS According to STATS Indiana information from 2007, Lake County has approximately 302,954 residents who are in the work force. Of these, approximately 240,616 work in the county. Roughly 62,338 residents commute outside the county for work and 45,961 non-residents commute into the county to work. Figure 4-2 depicts the commuting patterns into and out of the top five surrounding jurisdictions. Figure 4-2: Commuter patterns into and out of Lake County Top five counties sending workers INTO Lake County: Porter County 22,315 Illinois 13,848 Jasper County 3,137 LaPorte County 2,047 Newton County 1,648 Total of above 42,995 workers ( 15.0% of Lake County work force) http://www.stats.indiana.edu/web/county/maps/commuting2007/in/Lake.gif Top five counties receiving workers FROM Lake County: Illinois 44,844 Out of State 7,095 Porter County 6,883 LaPorte County 1,218 Tippecanoe County 304 Total of above 60,344 workers ( 19.9% of Lake County labor force) http://www.stats.indiana.edu/web/county/maps/commuting2007/out/Lake.gif 4.7 LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS Lake County’s land area, 328,960 acres, spans approximately 16 miles from east to west and 32 miles from north to south. Major industrial cities are Gary, Hammond, Whiting, and East Chicago. Approximately 50% of the land in Lake County is highly arable and used as farmland, primarily in the southern region. Business and industrial uses along with residential are concentrated in the northern portion. Lake County is built on former marsh and swampland. Settlers in the mid-nineteenth century drained these marshes with numerous ditches in order to access the fertile loam underneath. This land was then cultivated, with much of the harvest sold to the expanding Chicago metropolitan market. As more land was cleared and urban sprawl crept across state lines, business and residential development took advantage of these cleared spaces to pave and commercialize much of the area. Figure 4-3 depicts Lake County’s existing land use map. Figure 4-3: Lake County Existing Land Use Lake County has more than 30 manmade ditches. Each of these ditches exposes nearby communities to the risk of flooding on a yearly basis. Northwest Indiana has been designated a federal disaster area on several occasions throughout its history, primarily for flooding, and is currently listed in two active major disasters areas. The most significant development in Lake County is the Little Calumet River Basin Development federal project, which was authorized for construction in the 1986 Water Resources Development Act and is designed to provide structural flood protection up to the 200- year level along the Little Calumet River from the Illinois state line to Martin Luther King Drive in Gary. The project is being constructed in eight geographic stages consisting of 29 construction contracts. The completed project will feature the following: • 9.7 miles of setback levees in Gary and Griffith • 12.2 miles of levees and floodwalls in Hammond, Highland, and Munster • Flow diversion structure at Hart Ditch confluence in Hammond/Munster • Modification of four major highway bridges along the river corridor to permit better flow • 16.8 miles of recreational hiking/bicycle trails The project’s outcome will protect more than 9,500 structures, set within 3,500 acres of land, from flooding. It will create a 2,000-acre river/recreation corridor system and allow more than 1,500 acres of land to be reclaimed for economic development uses along the Borman corridor. And finally, it will mitigate costly flood-related damages and bring more than $65 million in federal construction/improvement contract to northwest Indiana. Source: Little Calumet River Basin Development Commission, January 20, 2009 http://www.lrc.usace.army.mil/projects/little_cal/images/Stage%20VIII%20(key).JPG The figure to the right depicts Stage VIII of the Little Calumet flood control project. This stage, expected to be completed in mid-2011, consists of the construction of earthen levees, sheet pile walls, concrete and sheet pile floodwalls, access ramps and roads, gatewell structures, outlet improvements, drainage ditches, riprap for erosion control, and other miscellaneous tasks. The location of Stage VIII is between the Indiana-Illinois state line and Columbia Avenue. Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, http://www.lrc.usace.army.mil/projects/little_cal/stage_8.htm 4.8 MAJOR LAKES, RIVERS, AND WATERSHEDS Lake County is bounded on the north by Lake Michigan and has a number of smaller lakes, rivers, and streams including, but not limited to, Cedar Lake, Lake Dalecarlia, Lake Holiday and Lake George; the Grand Calumet and Little Calumet rivers; Turkey Creek, Deep River, and North Creek. The county crosses three HUC08 watersheds: Little Calumet-Galien, Chicago, and Kankakee. A list of 14-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) watersheds is included in Table 4-4. Source: http://water.usgs.gov Table 4-4: Watersheds Watershed Name HUC Code Lake Michigan Shoreline-Ind Harbor Canal 04040001020010 Grand Calumet River-Gary 04040001020020 Turkey Creek-Headwaters (Lake) 04040001030010 Turkey Creek-Merrillville 04040001030020 Main Beaver Dam Ditch-Headwaters 04040001030030 Main Beaver Dam Ditch-Niles Ditch 04040001030040 Deep River-Deer Creek 04040001030050 Deep River-Lake George Dam 04040001030060 Duck Creek (Lake) 04040001040010 Deep River-Little Calumet River 04040001040020 Burns Ditch-Willow Creek 04040001040030 Lake Michigan-Its Waters, Bays & Islands 04060200010010 Cobb Creek-Breyfogel Ditch 07120001090150 Kankakee River-Brown Levee Ditch 07120001110020 Kankakee River-Roselawn 07120001110030 Kankakee River-Beaver(lower)/Best Ditches 07120001120040 Dike Ditch (Williams Ditch-ILL) 07120001120050 East Branch Stony Run 07120001130010 Eagle Creek-Stony Run 07120001130020 Singleton Ditch-Bryant Ditch 07120001130030 Spring Run 07120001130040 Greisel Ditch 07120001130050 Lake Dalecarlia-Cedar Lake 07120001130060 Singleton Ditch-Cedar Creek Ditch 07120001130070 Singleton Ditch-Bruce/Bailey Ditches 07120001130080 Brown Ditch (Lake) 07120001130090 West Creek-Bull Run 07120001140010 West Creek-Klaasville 07120001140020 West Creek-Singleton Ditch 07120001140030 Singleton Ditch-Bull Creek-Hayden Ditch 07120001150020 Singleton Ditch-Bull Creek-Hayden Ditch 07120001150020 Plum Creek-Klemme Creek 07120003030020 Watershed Name HUC Code Hart Ditch (Plum Creek)-Dyer Ditch 07120003030030 Cady Marsh Ditch 07120003030040 Little Calumet River (E-W Split) 07120003030050 Little Calumet River-Indiana/Illinois Line 07120003030060 Thorn Creek-North Creek 07120003040040 Grand Calumet River - West 07120003050010 Source: U.S. Geological Survey HUC14 Watersheds, 2006 5.0 RISK ASSESSMENT The goal of mitigation is to reduce the future impacts of a hazard including loss of life, property damage, disruption to local and regional economies, and the expenditure of public and private funds for recovery. Sound mitigation must be based on sound risk assessment. A risk assessment involves quantifying the potential loss resulting from a disaster by assessing the vulnerability of buildings, infrastructure, and people. In recognition of the importance of planning in mitigation activities, FEMA created Hazards USA Multi-Hazard (HAZUS-MH), a powerful geographic information system (GIS)-based disaster risk assessment tool. This tool enables communities of all sizes to predict estimated losses from floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, and other related phenomena and to measure the impact of various mitigation practices that might help reduce those losses. The Indiana Department of Homeland Security has determined that HAZUS-MH should play a critical role in Indiana’s risk assessments. The Polis Center (Polis) at Indiana University Purdue University- Indianapolis (IUPUI) assisted Lake County planning staff with performing the hazard risk assessment. This assessment identifies the characteristics and potential consequences of a disaster, how much of the community could be affected by a disaster, and the impact on community assets. A risk assessment consists of three components—hazard identification, vulnerability analysis, and risk analysis. 5.1 IDENTIFYING HAZARDS 5.1.1 Existing Plans To facilitate the planning process, pre-existing plans were used for this risk assessment section. These existing plans included Lake County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) and Hazard Analysis (November 2003) and Indiana digital flood maps. Previous planning efforts associated with the development of the 2003 Lake County Hazard Analysis identified the principal natural hazards to Lake County (in order of likelihood): 1) thunderstorm hazards, including lightning, severe winds, and tornadoes; and 2) severe winter weather, including ice and sleet storms and snowstorms. The plan also identified Lake County’s principal technological hazards (in order of likelihood): 1) hazardous materials events, both fixed-site and transportation-related; and 2) petroleum/natural gas pipeline accidents. 5.1.2 National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) Records To assist the planning team in identifying hazards, historical storm event data was compiled from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). NCDC records are estimates of damage compiled by the National Weather Service from various local, state, and federal sources. However, these estimates are often preliminary in nature and may not match the final assessment of economic and property losses related to a given weather events. The NCDC data included 306 reported events in Lake County between January 1, 1960 and October 1, 2009. A summary table of events related to each hazard type is included in the hazard profile sections that follow. A full table listing all events, including additional details, is included as Appendix C. In addition to NCDC data, Storm Prediction Center (SPC) data associated with tornadoes, strong winds, and hail were plotted using SPC recorded latitude and longitude. These events are plotted and included as Appendix D. NCDC hazards are included in Table 5-1. Table 5-1: Climatic Data Center Historical Hazards Hazard Tornadoes Severe Thunderstorms Drought/Extreme Heat Winter Storms Flood/Flash flood 5.1.3 Hazard Ranking Methodology During the mitigation meeting held on July 27, 2009, the planning team reviewed historical hazards information and participated in a risk analysis using a projector and Excel spreadsheet. The spreadsheet listed the compiled NCDC data for each community. Because there were few records of significant occurrences of drought and/or extreme heat, the planning team chose not to address them as a potential disaster in this multi-hazard mitigation plan. The spreadsheet calculated the probability rating (Low, Medium, High) of each hazard based on the number of events that have occurred in the county within the past 50 years. Throughout the planning process, the MHMP team had the opportunity to add more accurate local information. For example, the NCDC records often list the locations of hazards such as floods under the county, not accounting for how the individual communities were affected. In such situations, the local community planning representative adjusted the probability rating assigned to the county based on specific jurisdiction considerations. Team consensus was also important in determining the probability of hazards not recorded by NCDC, e.g. dam and levee failure and hazardous materials spills. The probabilities for these hazardous events were determined by the planning team’s estimation, derived from local experience and records, of the number of historical events that have occurred within the past 50 years. The probability ratings are based on the following guidelines: • Low = 0-5 events • Medium = 6-15 events • High = 16+ events The team determined each hazard’s potential impact on the communities. The impact rating (Minimal, Moderate, Significant) was based on the following guidelines. • Minimal = Few injuries Critical facilities shut down for 24 hours Less than 15% of property damage • Moderate = Multiple injuries Critical facilities shut down for 1-2 weeks At least 30% of property damaged • Significant = Multiple deaths Critical facilities shut down for more than 1 month More than 50% of property damaged Finally, the overall hazard risk was determined by multiplying probability and impact. It is important to consider both probability and impact when determining risk. For example, if an asteroid were to collide with Earth, the impact would be extreme; but the probability of an asteroid strike (has not happened in billions of years) is so negligibly small that the overall risk is extremely low. There has never been a situation in human history in which a person was killed by a meteor. In contrast, other potentially damaging events like thunderstorms and floods are relatively less severe, but have occurred regularly in many places. Each hazard addressed within the plan will use sliding scales to represent the probability, impact, and overall risk ratings. The scales will be depicted as follows: Low Medium High Probability Minimal Moderate Significant Impact Low Elevated Severe Hazard Risk The planning team identified flooding, thunderstorms, and winter storms as the three most significant hazards affecting Lake County. The hazard rankings are listed in Table 5-2. Table 5-2: Lake County Hazards HAZARD CATEGORIES HAZARD PROBABILITY HAZARD IMPACT HAZARD RISK Low, Medium, High Minimal, Moderate, Significant Low, Elevated, Severe Lake County (ALL) Tornado High Significant Severe Flood High Significant Severe Dam/Levee Failure Medium Moderate Elevated Earthquake Low Moderate Low Severe Thunderstorm/Hail/ Lightning/High Wind High Moderate Severe Winter Weather (snow & ice) High Significant Severe Hazardous Materials Release High Significant Severe Structural Failure & Fires High Moderate Severe Cedar Lake Tornado High Significant Severe Flood High Moderate Severe Dam/Levee Failure Low Moderate Low Earthquake Low Moderate Low Severe Thunderstorm/Hail/ Lightning/High Wind High Moderate Severe Winter Weather (snow & ice) High Significant Severe Hazardous Materials Release Medium Moderate Elevated Structural Failure & Fires High Minimal Low Crown Point Tornado High Significant Severe Flood Medium Moderate Elevated Dam/Levee Failure Low Minimal Low Earthquake Low Moderate Low Severe Thunderstorm/Hail/ Lightning/High Wind High Moderate Severe Winter Weather (snow & ice) High Significant Severe Hazardous Materials Release Medium Moderate Elevated Structural Failure & Fires High Moderate Severe Dyer Tornado High Significant Severe Flood High Moderate Severe Dam/Levee Failure Low Minimal Low Earthquake Low Moderate Low Severe Thunderstorm/Hail/ Lightning/High Wind High Moderate Severe Winter Weather (snow & ice) High Significant Severe Hazardous Materials Release Medium Moderate Elevated Structural Failure & Fires High Moderate Severe East Chicago Tornado High Significant Severe Flood High Moderate Severe Dam/Levee Failure Low Minimal Low Earthquake Low Moderate Low HAZARD CATEGORIES HAZARD PROBABILITY HAZARD IMPACT HAZARD RISK Severe Thunderstorm/Hail/ Lightning/High Wind High Moderate Severe Winter Weather (snow & ice) High Significant Severe Hazardous Materials Release High Significant Severe Structural Failure & Fires High Significant Severe Gary Tornado High Significant Severe Flood High Moderate Severe Dam/Levee Failure Low Significant Elevated Earthquake Low Moderate Low Severe Thunderstorm/Hail/ Lightning/High Wind High Moderate Severe Winter Weather (snow & ice) High Significant Severe Hazardous Materials Release High Significant Severe Structural Failure & Fires High Significant Severe Griffith Tornado High Significant Severe Flood High Significant Severe Dam/Levee Failure Low Significant Elevated Earthquake Low Moderate Low Severe Thunderstorm/Hail/ Lightning/High Wind High Significant Severe Winter Weather (snow & ice) High Significant Severe Hazardous Materials Release Medium Significant Elevated Structural Failure & Fires Medium Moderate Elevated Hammond Tornado High Significant Severe Flood High Significant Severe Dam/Levee Failure Low Significant Elevated Earthquake Low Moderate Low Severe Thunderstorm/Hail/ Lightning/High Wind High Moderate Severe Winter Weather (snow & ice) High Significant Severe Hazardous Materials Release High Significant Elevated Structural Failure & Fires High Moderate Severe Highland Tornado High Significant Severe Flood High Significant Severe Dam/Levee Failure Low Significant Elevated Earthquake Low Moderate Low Severe Thunderstorm/Hail/ Lightning/High Wind High Moderate Severe Winter Weather (snow & ice) High Significant Severe Hazardous Materials Release Medium Significant Elevated Structural Failure & Fires Medium Moderate Elevated Hobart Tornado High Significant Severe Flood High Significant Severe HAZARD CATEGORIES HAZARD PROBABILITY HAZARD IMPACT HAZARD RISK Dam/Levee Failure Medium Significant Elevated Earthquake Low Moderate Low Severe Thunderstorm/Hail/ Lightning/High Wind High Moderate Severe Winter Weather (snow & ice) High Significant Severe Hazardous Materials Release Medium Moderate Elevated Structural Failure & Fires Medium Moderate Elevated Lake Station Tornado High Significant Severe Flood High Significant Severe Dam/Levee Failure High Significant Severe Earthquake Low Moderate Low Severe Thunderstorm/Hail/ Lightning/High Wind High Moderate Severe Winter Weather (snow & ice) High Significant Severe Hazardous Materials Release High Significant Severe Structural Failure & Fires Medium Moderate Elevated Lowell Tornado High Significant Severe Flood High Significant Severe Dam/Levee Failure Medium Significant Elevated Earthquake Low Moderate Low Severe Thunderstorm/Hail/ Lightning/High Wind High Moderate Severe Winter Weather (snow & ice) High Significant Severe Hazardous Materials Release Medium Moderate Elevated Structural Failure & Fires Medium Moderate Elevated Merrillville Tornado High Significant Severe Flood High Significant Severe Dam/Levee Failure Low Moderate Low Earthquake Low Moderate Low Severe Thunderstorm/Hail/ Lightning/High Wind High Moderate Severe Winter Weather (snow & ice) High Significant Severe Hazardous Materials Release Medium Moderate Elevated Structural Failure & Fires Medium Moderate Elevated Munster Tornado High Significant Severe Flood High Significant Severe Dam/Levee Failure Medium Significant Elevated Earthquake Low Moderate Low Severe Thunderstorm/Hail/ Lightning/High Wind High Moderate Severe Winter Weather (snow & ice) High Significant Severe Hazardous Materials Release Medium Moderate Elevated Structural Failure & Fires Medium Moderate Elevated HAZARD CATEGORIES HAZARD PROBABILITY HAZARD IMPACT HAZARD RISK New Chicago Tornado Medium Significant Elevated Flood Medium Moderate Elevated Dam/Levee Failure Low Minimal Low Earthquake Low Moderate Low Severe Thunderstorm/Hail/ Lightning/High Wind High Moderate Severe Winter Weather (snow & ice) High Significant Severe Hazardous Materials Release Low Moderate Low Structural Failure & Fires Low Moderate Low Schererville Tornado High Significant Severe Flood High Significant Severe Dam/Levee Failure Low Minimal Low Earthquake Low Moderate Low Severe Thunderstorm/Hail/ Lightning/High Wind High Moderate Severe Winter Weather (snow & ice) High Significant Severe Hazardous Materials Release Medium Moderate Elevated Structural Failure & Fires Medium Moderate Elevated Schneider Tornado High Significant Severe Flood Medium Moderate Elevated Dam/Levee Failure Low Significant Elevated Earthquake Low Moderate Low Severe Thunderstorm/Hail/ Lightning/High Wind High Moderate Severe Winter Weather (snow & ice) High Significant Severe Hazardous Materials Release Low Moderate Low Structural Failure & Fires Medium Moderate Elevated St. John Tornado High Significant Severe Flood Medium Moderate Elevated Dam/Levee Failure Low Minimal Low Earthquake Low Moderate Low Severe Thunderstorm/Hail/ Lightning/High Wind High Moderate Severe Winter Weather (snow & ice) High Significant Severe Hazardous Materials Release Low Moderate Low Structural Failure & Fires Low Minimal Low Whiting Tornado High Significant Severe Flood Medium Minimal Low Dam/Levee Failure Low Minimal Low Earthquake Low Moderate Low Severe Thunderstorm/Hail/ Lightning/High Wind High Moderate Severe HAZARD CATEGORIES HAZARD PROBABILITY HAZARD IMPACT HAZARD RISK Winter Weather (snow & ice) High Significant Severe Hazardous Materials Release Medium Significant Elevated Structural Failure & Fires Medium Significant Elevated Winfield Tornado High Significant Severe Flood Medium Moderate Elevated Dam/Levee Failure Low Significant Elevated Earthquake Low Moderate Low Severe Thunderstorm/Hail/ Lightning/High Wind High Moderate Severe Winter Weather (snow & ice) High Significant Severe Hazardous Materials Release Low Moderate Low Structural Failure & Fires Medium Moderate Elevated 5.1.4 GIS and HAZUS-MH The risk assessment quantifies the risk to the county’s population, infrastructure, and economy. Where possible, the hazards were quantified using GIS analyses and HAZUS-MH. This process reflects a Level 2 approach to analyzing hazards, which includes substitution of selected default data with local data. This process improved the accuracy of the model predictions. HAZUS-MH generates a combination of site-specific and aggregated loss estimates depending upon the analysis options that are selected and the input that is provided by the user. Aggregate inventory loss estimates, which include building stock analysis, are based upon the assumption that building stock is evenly distributed across census blocks/tracts. Therefore, it is possible that overestimates of damage will occur in some areas while underestimates will occur in other areas. Therefore, total losses tend to be more reliable over larger geographic areas than for individual census blocks/tracts. It is important to note that HAZUS-MH is not intended to be a substitute for detailed engineering studies. Rather, it is intended to serve as a planning aid for communities interested in assessing their risks to flood-, earthquake-, and hurricane-related hazards. This documentation does not provide full details on the processes and procedures completed in the development of this project. It is only intended to highlight the major steps that were followed during the project. Site-specific analysis is based upon loss estimations for individual structures. For flooding, analysis of site-specific structures takes into account the depth of water in relation to the structure. HAZUS-MH also considers the actual dollar exposure to the structure for the costs of building reconstruction, content, and inventory. However, damages are based upon the assumption that each structure will fall into a structural class, and structures in each class will respond in a similar fashion to a specific depth of flooding or ground shaking. Site-specific analysis is also based upon a point location rather than a polygon; therefore, the model does not account for the percentage of a building that is inundated. These assumptions suggest that the loss estimates for site-specific structures as well as for aggregate structural losses need to be viewed as approximations of losses that are subject to considerable variability rather than as exact engineering estimates of losses to individual structures. The following events were analyzed for Lake County. The parameters for these scenarios were created though GIS, HAZUS-MH, and historical information to predict which communities would be at risk. Using HAZUS-MH 1. 100-year overbank flooding 2. Earthquake scenarios Using GIS 1. Tornado 2. Hazardous material release Using Historical Information 1. Tornado 2. Flood and Dam/Levee 3. Earthquake 4. Thunderstorm 5. Winter Storm 6. Fire 5.2 ASSESSING VULNERABILITY The HAZUS-MH data is based on best available national data sources. The initial step involved updating the default HAZUS-MH data using State of Indiana data sources. At the first mitigation meeting, the planning team members were provided with a plot and report of all HAZUS-MH critical facilities. The planning team took GIS data provided by The Polis Center; verified the datasets using local knowledge, and allowed The Polis Center to use their local GIS data for additional verification. Polis GIS analysts made these updates and corrections to the HAZUS- MH data tables prior to performing the risk assessment. These changes to the HAZUS-MH inventory reflect a Level 2 analysis. This update process improved the accuracy of the model predictions. The default HAZUS-MH data has been updated as follows: • The HAZUS-MH defaults, critical facilities, and essential facilities have been updated based on the most recent available data sources. Critical and essential point facilities have been reviewed, revised, and approved by local subject matter experts at each county. • The critical facility updates (schools, medical care facilities, fire stations, police stations, and EOCs) have been applied to the HAZUS-MH model data. HAZUS-MH reports of essential facility losses reflect updated data. The default aggregate building inventory tables have been replaced with the most recent Assessor records. Lake County provided the parcel boundaries to The Polis Center, and Indiana Department of Local Government and Finance provided the Lake County Assessor records. Records without improvements were deleted. The parcel boundaries were converted to parcel points located in the centroids of each parcel boundary. Each parcel point was linked to an Assessor record based upon matching parcel numbers. The generated building inventory points represent the approximate locations (within a parcel) of building exposure. The parcel points were aggregated by census block. Parcel-matching results for Lake County are listed in Table 5-3. Table 5-3: Parcel-Matching for Lake County Data Source Count Assessor Records 252,235 County Provided Parcels 250,759 Assessor Records with Improvements 197,870 Matched Parcel Points 181,474 The following assumptions were made during the analysis: • The building exposure is determined from the Assessor records. It is assumed that the population and the buildings are located at the centroid of the parcel. • The algorithm used to match county-provided parcel point locations with the Assessor records is not perfect. The results in this analysis reflect matched parcel records only. The parcel-matching results for Lake County are included in Table 5-3. • Population counts are based upon 2.5 persons per household. Only residential occupancy classes are used to determine the impact on the local population. If the event were to occur at night, it would be assumed that people are at home (not school, work, or church). • The analysis is restricted to the county boundaries. Events that occur near the county boundaries do not contain damage assessments from adjacent counties. 5.2.1 Essential Facilities List Table 5-4 identifies the essential facilities that were added or updated for the analysis. Essential facilities are a subset of critical facilities. Maps of critical facilities are included as Appendix E. Table 5-4: Essential Facilities List Facility Number of Facilities Care Facilities 75 Emergency Operations Centers 13 Fire Stations 44 Police Stations 32 Schools 199 5.2.2 Facility Replacement Costs Facility replacement costs and total building exposure are identified in Table 5-5. The replacement costs have been updated by local data. Table 5-5 also includes the estimated number of buildings within each occupancy class. The Assessor records often do not distinguish parcels by occupancy class when the parcels are not taxable; therefore, the total number of buildings and the building replacement costs for government, religious/non-profit, and education may be underestimated. Table 5-5: Building Exposure General Occupancy Estimated Total Buildings Total Building Exposure (X 1000) Agricultural 1,107 $218,672 Commercial 9,212 $6,347,013 Education 196 $1,647,544 Government 1,255 $1,262,028 Industrial 1,533 $9,883,870 Religious/Non-Profit 1,982 $1,166,546 Residential 165,653 $34,137,060 Total 180,938 $54,662,733 5.3 PROFILING HAZARDS 5.3.1 TORNADO HAZARD Hazard Definition Tornadoes pose a great risk to the state of Indiana and its citizens. Tornadoes can occur at any time during the day or night. They can also happen during any month of the year. The unpredictability of tornadoes makes them one of Indiana’s most dangerous hazards. Their extreme winds are violently destructive when they touch down in the region’s developed and populated areas. Current estimates place the maximum velocity at about 300 miles per hour, but higher and lower values can occur. A wind velocity of 200 miles per hour will result in a wind pressure of 102.4 pounds per square foot of surface area—a load that exceeds the tolerance limits of most buildings. Considering these factors, it is easy to understand why tornadoes can be so devastating for the communities they hit. Tornadoes are defined as violently-rotating columns of air extending from thunderstorms to the ground. Funnel clouds are rotating columns of air not in contact with the ground; however, the violently-rotating column of air can reach the ground very quickly and become a tornado. If the funnel cloud picks up and blows debris, it has reached the ground and is a tornado. Tornadoes are classified according to the Fujita tornado intensity scale. The tornado scale ranges from low intensity F0 with effective wind speeds of 40 to 70 miles per hour to F5 tornadoes with effective wind speeds of over 260 miles per hour. The Fujita intensity scale is included in Table 5-6. Table 5-6: Fujita Tornado Rating Fujita Number Estimated Wind Speed Path Width Path Length Description of Destruction 0 Gale 40-72 mph 6-17 yards 0.3-0.9 miles Light damage, some damage to chimneys, branches broken, sign boards damaged, shallow-rooted trees blown over. 1 Moderate 73-112 mph 18-55 yards 1.0-3.1 miles Moderate damage, roof surfaces peeled off, mobile homes pushed off foundations, attached garages damaged. 2 Significant 113-157 mph 56-175 yards 3.2-9.9 miles Considerable damage, entire roofs torn from frame houses, mobile homes demolished, boxcars pushed over, large trees snapped or uprooted. 3 Severe 158-206 mph 176-566 yards 10-31 miles Severe damage, walls torn from well-constructed houses, trains overturned, most trees in forests uprooted, heavy cars thrown about. 4 Devastating 207-260 mph 0.3-0.9 miles 32-99 miles Complete damage, well-constructed houses leveled, structures with weak foundations blown off for some distance, large missiles generated. 5 Incredible 261-318 mph 1.0-3.1 miles 100-315 miles Foundations swept clean, automobiles become missiles and thrown for 100 yards or more, steel- reinforced concrete structures badly damaged. Source: NOAA Storm Prediction Center Previous Occurrences for Tornado Hazard There have been several occurrences of tornadoes within Lake County during the past few decades. The NCDC database reported 22 tornadoes/funnel clouds in Lake County since 1950. On August 4, 2008, the Town of Griffith was struck hard by an F2 tornado, which touched down northeast of the intersection of Ridge Road and Cline Avenue. August 2008 tornado in Griffith, Source: Town of Highland Community Blog Damage was reported to residences, businesses, and vegetation. At the Griffith Park Plaza Mall, windows were blown out of a row of stores and a portion of a roof was blown off a vacant store. The area east of the mall in the subdivision along and north of 37th Avenue near Lafayette Avenue and Rensselaer Avenue sustained some of the strongest wind damage from this tornado. The Lake County NCDC recorded tornadoes are identified in Table 5-7. Additional details for NCDC events are included in Appendix C. Table 5-7: Lake County Tornadoes* Location or County Date Type Magnitude Deaths Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage Lake 11/13/1951 Tornado F2 0 0 250K 0 Lake 6/1/1954 Tornado F2 0 0 25K 0 Lake 3/14/1957 Tornado F1 0 0 25K 0 Lake 7/12/1957 Tornado F2 0 0 250K 0 Lake 6/16/1960 Tornado F1 0 0 3K 0 Lake 4/23/1961 Tornado F3 0 0 25K 0 Lake 6/22/1961 Tornado F1 0 1 3K 0 Location or County Date Type Magnitude Deaths Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage Lake 7/20/1962 Tornado F2 0 0 25K 0 Lake 11/12/1965 Tornado F3 0 14 250K 0 Lake 7/13/1966 Tornado F2 0 0 25K 0 Lake 6/20/1974 Tornado F3 0 5 250K 0 Lake 3/4/1976 Tornado F1 0 0 25K 0 Lake 3/12/1976 Tornado F2 0 0 3K 0 Lake 6/29/1976 Tornado F0 0 0 3K 0 Lake 6/30/1977 Tornado F2 0 1 2.5M 0 Lake 6/30/1977 Tornado F1 0 0 3K 0 Lake 6/8/1981 Tornado F1 0 0 250K 0 Lake 10/17/1981 Tornado F1 0 0 25K 0 Beecher Il 4/25/1994 Tornado F1 0 0 50K 0 Merrillville 8/25/2001 Tornado F1 0 2 100K 0 Hammond 5/30/2003 Tornado F0 0 0 0 0 Griffith 8/4/2008 Tornado F2 0 0 1.0M 0K * NCDC records are estimates of damage compiled by the National Weather Service from various local, state, and federal sources. However, these estimates are often preliminary in nature and may not match the final assessment of economic and property losses related to a given weather event. Geographic Location for Tornado Hazard The majority of the county has the same risk for occurrence of tornadoes; however, the area adjacent to Lake Michigan has a lower incidence of tornadoes due to lake effects. Hazard Extent for Tornado Hazard The historical tornadoes generally moved from southwest to northeast across the county. The extent of the hazard varies both in terms of the extent of the path and the wind speed. Probability (X) Impact (=) Overall Risk Low Medium High Minimal Moderate Significant Low Elevated Severe Risk Identification for Tornado Hazard Based on historical information, the probability of a tornado is high Tornadoes with varying magnitudes are expected to happen. In Meeting #2, the planning team determined that the potential impact of a tornado is significant; therefore, the overall risk of a tornado hazard for Lake County is severe. Vulnerability Analysis for Tornado Hazard Tornadoes can occur within any area in the county; therefore, the entire county population and all buildings are vulnerable to tornadoes. To accommodate this risk, this plan will consider all buildings located within the county as vulnerable. The existing buildings and infrastructure in Lake County are discussed in Table 5-5. Critical Facilities All critical facilities are vulnerable to tornadoes. A critical facility will encounter many of the same impacts as any other building within the jurisdiction. These impacts will vary based on the magnitude of the tornado but can include structural failure, damaging debris (trees or limbs), roofs blown off or windows broken by hail or high winds, and loss of facility functionality (e.g. a damaged police station will no longer be able to serve the community). Table 5-4 lists the types and numbers of all of the essential facilities in the area. Critical facility names and locations are included in Appendix E. Building Inventory The building exposure in terms of types and numbers of buildings for the entire county is listed in Table 5-5. The buildings within the county can all expect the same impacts, similar to those discussed for critical facilities. These impacts include structural failure, damaging debris (trees or limbs), roofs blown off or windows broken by hail or high winds, and loss of building function (e.g. damaged home will no longer be habitable causing residents to seek shelter). Infrastructure During a tornado the types of infrastructure that could be impacted include roadways, utility lines/pipes, railroads, and bridges. Since the county’s entire infrastructure is equally vulnerable, it is important to emphasize that any number of these items could become damaged during a tornado. The impacts to these items include broken, failed, or impassable roadways, broken or failed utility lines (e.g. loss of power or gas to community), and railway failure from broken or impassable railways. Bridges could fail or become impassable causing risk to traffic. HAZUS-MH Tornado Analysis For Lake County, The Polis Center conducted two analyses in HAZUS-MH: one with a tornado path through northern Lake County; one through southern Lake County. The following analyses gauge the anticipated impacts of tornadoes in the county, in terms of numbers and types of buildings and infrastructure. Both analyses used GIS overlay modeling to determine the potential impacts of an F4 tornado. The selected widths were modeled after a recreation of the Fujita-Scale guidelines based on conceptual wind speeds, path widths, and path lengths. There is no guarantee that every tornado will fit exactly into one of these six categories. Table 5-8 depicts tornado damage curves as well as path widths. Table 5-8: Tornado Path Widths and Damage Curves Fujita Scale Path Width (feet) Maximum Expected Damage F-5 3000 100% F-4 2400 100% F-3 1800 80% F-2 1200 50% F-1 600 10% F-0 300 0% Within any given tornado path there are degrees of damage. The most intense damage occurs within the center of the damage path with a decreasing amount of damage away from the center of the path. This natural process was modeled in GIS by adding damage zones around the tornado path. Figure 5-1 and Table 5-9 describe the zone analysis. Figure 5-1: GIS Analysis Using Tornado Buffers Once the hypothetical route is digitized on the map, several buffers are created to model the damage functions within each zone. An F4 tornado has four damage zones. Total devastation is estimated within 150 feet of the tornado path. The outer buffer is 900 feet from the tornado path, within which buildings will experience 10% damage. Table 5-9: Tornado Zones and Damage Curves Zone Buffer (feet) Damage Curve 1 0-150 100% 2 150-300 80% 3 300-600 50% 4 600-900 10% Tornado Analysis in Northern Lake County The first analysis used a hypothetical path based upon an F4 tornado event that ran for 6.3 miles through the communities of Munster and Griffith. The selected hypothetical tornado path is depicted in Figure 5-2, and a section of the damage curve buffers are shown in Figure 5-3. Figure 5-2: Hypothetical F4 Tornado Path in Lake County Figure 5-3: Modeled F4 Tornado Damage Buffers in Lake County The results of the analysis are depicted in Tables 5-10 and 5-11. The GIS analysis estimates that 2,918 buildings will be damaged. The estimated building losses were $1.1 billion. The building losses are an estimate of building replacement costs multiplied by the percentages of damage. The overlay was performed against parcels provided by Lake County that were joined with Assessor records showing property improvement. The Assessor records often do not distinguish parcels by occupancy class if the parcels are not taxable. For purposes of analysis, the total number of buildings and the building replacement costs for government, religious/non-profit, and education should be lumped together. Table 5-10: Estimated Numbers of Buildings Damaged by Occupancy Type Occupancy Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Residential 489 435 884 820 Commercial 77 35 82 52 Industrial 6 5 6 5 Agriculture 0 0 0 0 Religious 2 0 4 6 Government 3 2 0 1 Education 2 0 0 2 Total 579 477 976 886 Table 5-11: Estimated Building Losses by Occupancy Type (x1000) Occupancy Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Residential $217,183 $158,376 $372,738 $20,926 Commercial $150,643 $16,556 $106,720 $3,532 Industrial $1,355 $12,865 $2,287 $577 Agriculture $0 $0 $0 $0 Religious $0 $0 $1,278 $5,390 Government $1,003 $2,091 $0 $43 Education $6,723 $0 $0 $1,586 Total $376,907 $189,887 $483,024 $32,054 There are 16 critical facilities located within 900 feet of the hypothetical tornado path. The model predicts that four medical care facilities, three communications, two EOCs, two fire departments, one hazardous material, one police department, and three schools that would be damaged. The affected facilities are identified in Table 5-12, and their geographic locations are shown in Figures 5-4 and 5-5. Table 5-12: Estimated Critical Facilities Affected Exposed Critical Facilities Care Facilities Community Hospital, Munster Community Surgery Center, LLC, Munster The Community Hospital (Ambulance), Munster Transitional Care Center at Community, Munster Communication Facilities Police Department, Griffith Unknown Cell Tower, Munster Central Fire Station, Griffith EOC Facilities Griffith EOC Munster Public Works Fire Departments Griffith Station #1 Munster Fire Department Station II Hazardous Materials Sites LaSalle Steel Co. – Fluid Power Ops Police Departments Griffith Police Department Schools Franklin Elementary School, Griffith Allen J Warren Elementary School, Highland Frank H Hammond Elementary School, Munster Figure 5-4: Critical Facilities within Tornado Path in Munster Figure 5-5: Critical Facilities within Tornado Path in Griffith Tornado Analysis in Southern Lake County The second analysis used a hypothetical path based upon an F4 tornado event that ran for 14 miles through the communities of Lowell and Crown Point. The selected hypothetical tornado path is depicted in Figure 5-6, and a section of the damage curve buffers is shown in Figure 5-7. Figure 5-6: Hypothetical F4 Tornado Path in Lake County Figure 5-7: Modeled F4 Tornado Damage Buffers in Lowell The results of the analysis are depicted in Tables 5-13 and 5-14. The GIS analysis estimates that 1,842 buildings will be damaged. The estimated building losses were $250 million. The building losses are an estimate of building replacement costs multiplied by the percentages of damage. The overlay was performed against parcels provided by Lake County that were joined with Assessor records showing property improvement. The Assessor records often do not distinguish parcels by occupancy class if the parcels are not taxable. For purposes of analysis, the total number of buildings and the building replacement costs for government, religious/non-profit, and education should be lumped together. Table 5-13: Estimated Numbers of Buildings Damaged by Occupancy Type Occupancy Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Residential 205 197 448 671 Commercial 33 58 106 78 Industrial 0 3 2 1 Agriculture 4 1 4 3 Religious 0 2 3 1 Government 7 5 1 5 Education 1 0 2 1 Total 250 266 566 760 Table 5-14: Estimated Building Losses by Occupancy Type (x1000) Occupancy Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Residential $39,109 $21,929 $39,287 $25,421 Commercial $21,409 $26,056 $41,278 $4,651 Industrial $0 $10,779 $462 $13 Agriculture $603 $132 $307 $33 Religious $0 $1,247 $0 $0 Government $3,231 $4,726 $9 $99 Education $6,063 $0 $2,556 $488 Total $70,416 $64,869 $83,899 $30,706 There are 14 critical facilities located within 900 feet of the hypothetical tornado path. The model predicts that four medical care facilities, one communications facility, two fire departments, two police departments, and five schools that would be damaged. The affected facilities are identified in Table 5-15, and their geographic locations are shown in Figures 5-8 and 5-9. Table 5-15: Estimated Critical Facilities Affected Exposed Critical Facilities Care Facilities St Anthony Medical Center of Crown Point APAC Surgery Center II, Crown Point St. Anthony Medical Center (Ambulance), Crown Point St Anthony Home, Crown Point Communication Facilities Fire Station (siren), Lowell Fire Departments Crown Point City Fire Department Lowell Fire Department Police Departments Lowell Police Department Crown Point Police Department Schools Oak Hill Elementary School, Lowell Lowell Middle School, Lowell Robert Taft Middle School, Crown Point Dwight D Eisenhower Elementary School, Crown Point Saint Mary School, Crown Point Figure 5-8: Critical Facilities within Tornado Path (Lowell) Figure 5-9: Critical Facilities within Tornado Path (Crown Point) Vulnerability to Future Assets/Infrastructure for Tornado Hazard The entire population and buildings within Lake County have been identified as at risk because tornadoes can occur anywhere within the state of Indiana, at any time of the day, and during any month of the year. Furthermore, any future development in terms of new construction within the county will be at risk. The building exposure for Lake County is included in Table 5-5. All critical facilities in the county and communities within the county are at risk. Critical facility names and locations are included in Appendix E. Analysis of Community Development Trends Preparing for severe storms will be enhanced if officials sponsor a wide range of programs and initiatives to address the overall safety of county residents. New structures need to be built with more sturdy construction, and those structures already in place need to be hardened to lessen the potential impacts of severe weather. Community warning sirens to provide warnings of approaching storms are also vital to preventing the loss of property and ensuring the safety of Lake County residents. 5.3.2 FLOOD HAZARD Hazard Definition Flooding is a significant natural hazard throughout the United States. The type, magnitude, and severity of flooding are functions of the amount and distribution of precipitation over a given area, the rate at which precipitation infiltrates the ground, the geometry and hydrology of the catchment, and flow dynamics and conditions in and along the river channel. Floods can be classified as one of two types: upstream floods or downstream floods. Both types of floods are common in Indiana. Upstream floods, also called flash floods, occur in the upper parts of drainage basins and are generally characterized by periods of intense rainfall over a short duration. These floods arise with very little warning and often result in locally intense damage, and sometimes loss of life, due to the high energy of the flowing water. Flood waters can snap trees, topple buildings, and easily move large boulders or other structures. Six inches of rushing water can upend a person; another 18 inches might carry off a car. Generally, upstream floods cause damage over relatively localized areas, but they can be quite severe in the local areas in which they occur. Urban flooding is a type of upstream flood. Urban flooding involves the overflow of storm drain systems and can be the result of inadequate drainage combined with heavy rainfall or rapid snowmelt. Upstream or flash floods can occur at anytime of the year in Indiana, but they are most common in the spring and summer months. Downstream floods, sometimes called riverine floods, refer to floods on large rivers at locations with large upstream catchments. Downstream floods are typically associated with precipitation events that are of relatively long duration and occur over large areas. Flooding on small tributary streams may be limited, but the contribution of increased runoff may result in a large flood downstream. The lag time between precipitation and time of the flood peak is much longer for downstream floods than for upstream floods, generally providing ample warning for people to move to safe locations and, to some extent, secure some property against damage. Riverine flooding on the large rivers of Indiana generally occurs during either the spring or summer. Hazard Definition for Dam and Levee Failure Dams are structures that retain or detain water behind a large barrier. When full or partially full, the difference in elevation between the water above the dam and below creates large amounts of potential energy, creating the potential for failure. The same potential exists for levees when they serve their purpose, which is to confine flood waters within the channel area of a river and exclude that water from land or communities land-ward of the levee. Dams and levees can fail due to either 1) water heights or flows above the capacity for which the structure was designed; or 2) deficiencies in the structure such that it cannot hold back the potential energy of the water. If a dam or levee fails, issues of primary concern include loss of human life/injury, downstream property damage, lifeline disruption (of concern would be transportation routes and utility lines required to maintain or protect life), and environmental damage. Many communities view both dams and levees as permanent and infinitely safe structures. This sense of security may well be false, leading to significantly increased risks. Both downstream of dams and on floodplains protected by levees, security leads to new construction, added infrastructure, and increased population over time. Levees in particular are built to hold back flood waters only up to some maximum level, often the 100-year (1% annual probability) flood event. When that maximum is exceeded by more than the design safety margin, the levee will be overtopped or otherwise fail, inundating communities in the land previously protected by that levee. It has been suggested that climate change, land-use shifts, and some forms of river engineering may be increasing the magnitude of large floods and the frequency of levee failure situations. Griesel Ditch Breach in Cedar Creek Township; September 2008; Source: Lake County Surveyor In addition to failure that results from extreme floods above the design capacity, levees and dams can fail due to structural deficiencies. Both dams and levees require constant monitoring and regular maintenance to assure their integrity. Many structures across the U.S. have been under- funded or otherwise neglected, leading to an eventual day of reckoning in the form either of realization that the structure is unsafe or, sometimes, an actual failure. The threat of dam or levee failure may require substantial commitment of time, personnel, and resources. Since dams and levees deteriorate with age, minor issues become larger compounding problems, and the risk of failure increases. Previous Occurrences for Flooding The NCDC database reported 31 flood events in Lake County since 1950, recorded in Table 5-16. 2008 was a record year for flooding in northwest Indiana. On January 8, 2008, floods from melting snow caused many roads to close and basements to flood. Creeks and streams overflowed their banks. The Broadfield subdivision in Merrillville suffered significant flooding. Lowell measured 2.81 inches of rainfall. In September 2008, significant flooding occurred again as a result of heavy rains that fell on top of already saturated soil. Interstate 80/94 at Kennedy Avenue was flooded with all eastbound lanes closed and two westbound lanes closed. In Merrillville, the Broadfield subdivision was flooded again—several feet deep after retention ponds overflowed. Across northern Lake County, hundreds of basements were flooded and numerous roads were closed. Multiple locations received 3 to 5 inches of rain. Additional details for NCDC events are included in Appendix C. In addition, USGS stream gauge data of historical crests are listed in Appendix F. Table 5-16: Lake County Previous Occurrences of Flooding* Location or County Date Type Magnitude Deaths Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage Lake 1/1/1993 Flood N/A 0 0 5.0M 0 Lake 10/17/1993 Flood N/A 0 0 500K 500K Lake 6/13/1994 Urban Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 Northern 5/9/1996 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 7/17/1996 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 7/17/2003 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 7/21/2003 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 7/27/2003 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 Merrillville 5/14/2004 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 East Chicago 5/22/2004 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 Highland 7/21/2004 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 1/13/2005 Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 2/16/2005 Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 6/4/2005 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 Schererville 7/27/2006 Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 9/13/2006 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 8.0M 0 East Chicago 9/13/2006 Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 Lowell 4/25/2007 Flood N/A 0 0 0K 0K Munster 4/25/2007 Flood N/A 0 0 0K 0K Hammond 7/26/2007 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 500K 0K Merrillville 8/15/2007 Flood N/A 0 0 0K 0K St John 8/23/2007 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0K 0K Hammond 8/24/2007 Flood N/A 0 0 1.0M 0K Dyer 8/24/2007 Flood N/A 0 0 4.0M 0K Schneider 1/8/2008 Flood N/A 0 0 1.0M 0K Munster 9/13/2008 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 500K 0K Artesian Wells 9/13/2008 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0K 0K Illinois 9/14/2008 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 10.0M 0K Munster 9/14/2008 Flood N/A 0 0 15.0M 0K Illinois 9/14/2008 Flood N/A 0 0 0K 0K Shelby 9/15/2008 Flood N/A 0 0 1.0M 0K * NCDC records are estimates of damage compiled by the National Weather Service from various local, state, and federal sources. However, these estimates are often preliminary in nature and may not match the final assessment of economic and property losses related to a given weather event. Previous Occurrences for Dam and Levee Failure According to the Lake County planning team, there have been a number of dam/levee failures in the county. For example, in 1991 a dike containment system failed on the Little Calumet, damaging approximately 400 homes in Highland. In September 2008, the Cedar Creek Dam overtopped, causing significant damage to surrounding communities such as the Town of Lowell. The Little Calumet River Basin Project seeks to mitigate future dam and levee failure by reinforcing existing and constructing new structures. Repetitive Loss Properties FEMA defines a repetitive loss structure as a structure covered by a contract of flood insurance issued under the NFIP, which has suffered flood loss damage on two occasions during a 10-year period that ends on the date of the second loss, in which the cost to repair the flood damage is 25% of the market value of the structure at the time of each flood loss. FEMA was contacted to determine the numbers of repetitive loss structures. According to the BureauNet report, as of May 31, 2010 Lake County had 167 repetitive loss structures, and the total amount of losses was approximately $7.1 million. Table 5-17 lists further detail by community. Table 5-17: Lake County Repetitive Loss Structures Jurisdiction Total Number of Properties Insured Properties Total Number of Losses Insured Losses Amount of Losses Insured Losses Lake County 13 6 34 14 $271,973.89 $119,477.72 Crown Point 2 1 6 3 $99,024.37 $13,331.70 Dyer 11 8 26 19 $211,026.15 187,829.13 East Chicago 1 1 2 2 $71,680.47 $71,680.47 Gary 5 2 14 6 $87,313.37 $32,870.62 Griffith 22 17 63 46 $1,118,278.41 $967,168.72 Hammond 29 26 64 58 $360,380.86 $339,437.78 Highland 27 20 58 42 $586,893.14 $500,589.92 Lake Station 17 11 38 25 $1,017,898.92 $699,124.75 Merrillville 11 6 38 21 $392,701.48 $239,004.37 Munster 27 24 57 49 $2,809,754.19 $2,526,976.70 Schererville 1 1 2 2 $29,907.50 $29,907.50 Schneider 1 0 2 0 $11,403.38 $0.00 Totals 167 123 404 287 $7,068,236.13 $5,727,399.38 Geographic Location for Flooding Most river flooding occurs in early spring and is the result of excessive rainfall and/or the combination of rainfall and snowmelt. Severe thunderstorms may cause flooding during the summer or fall, but tend to be localized. The Lake County Hazard Analysis lists the primary sources of river flooding in the county as the Kankakee River and Little Calumet River. Flash floods, brief heavy flows in small streams or normally dry creek beds, also occur within the county. Flash flooding is typically characterized by high-velocity water, often carrying large amounts of debris. Urban flooding involves the overflow of storm drain systems and is typically the result of inadequate drainage following heavy rainfall or rapid snowmelt. IDNR recently prepared the paper FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM). These digital files, although not official FIRMs, provided the boundary which was the basis for this analysis. The overbank flooding areas are depicted on the map in Appendix D. Flash flooding may occur countywide. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service provides information from gauge locations at points along various rivers across the United States. For Lake County, data is provided for two points: Little Calumet River at Munster and Kankakee River at Shelby. Appendix F lists information pulled from the NOAA website, which includes flood categories, historical crests, and details about anticipated impacts to agricultural lands, dams, levees, and other built structures at significant flood crest levels. Geographic Location for Dam and Levee Failure The National Inventory of Dams identified seven dams in Lake County; the county’s dams are illustrated in Appendix E. Table 5-18 summarizes the National Inventory of Dams information. Table 5-18: National Inventory of Dams Dam Name River Hazard EAP Lake of the Four Seasons Dam Unnamed Tributary Stony Run S N Lake George Dam Deep River H N Lake Dalecarlia Dam (East) Cedar Creek H N Lake Dalecarlia Dam (West) Cedar Creek H N Lakewood Estates Dam Unnamed Tributary Cedar Creek S N Doubletree Lake Estates Dam (North) Unnamed Tributary Deep River S N Doubletree Lake Estates Dam (West) Unnamed Tributary Deep River S N Lake Hills Dam Lake Hills N/A N/A A review of the Indiana Department of Natural Resource’s files identified eight levees, listed in Table 5-19. These levees are from historical IDNR data; their physical presence was not confirmed and some may no longer exist. Table 5-19: Lake County Levees Name Location George Meyers Levee Grand Calumet River near Highland Griffith Little Calumet Levee Left bank of Little Calumet River in Griffith Hammond Little Calumet Levee Left bank of Little Calumet River in Hammond Munster Little Calumet Levee Left bank of Little Calumet River in Munster Highland Little Calumet Levee Left bank of Little Calumet River in Highland Schererville Levee Schererville Wicker Park Levee Little Calumet River Basin in Highland * The dams and levees listed in this multi-hazard mitigation plan are recorded from historical IDNR data. Their physical presences were not confirmed; therefore, new or unrecorded structures may exist. Hazard Extent for Flooding The HAZUS-MH flood model is designed to generate a flood depth grid and flood boundary polygon by deriving hydrologic and hydraulic information based on user-provided elevation data or by incorporating selected output from other flood models. HAZUS-MH also has the ability to clip a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with a user-provided flood boundary, thus creating a flood depth grid. For Lake County, HAZUS-MH was used to extract flood depth by clipping the DEM with the IDNR FIRMs Base Flood Elevation (BFE) boundary. The BFE is defined as the area that has a 1% chance of flooding in any given year. Flood hazard scenarios were modeled using GIS analysis and HAZUS-MH. The flood hazard modeling was based on historical occurrences and current threats. Existing IDNR flood maps were used to identify the areas of study. These digital files, although not official DFIRMs, provided the boundary which was the basis for this analysis. Planning team input and a review of historical information provided additional information on specific flood events. Hazard Extent for Dam and Levee Failure When dams are assigned the low (L) hazard potential classification, it means that failure or incorrect operation of the dam will result in no human life losses and no economic or environmental losses. Losses are principally limited to the owner’s property. Dams assigned the significant (S) hazard classification are those dams in which failure or incorrect operation results in no probable loss of human life; however it can cause economic loss, environment damage, and disruption of lifeline facilities. Dams classified as significant hazard potential dams are often located in predominantly rural or agricultural areas, but could be located in populated areas with a significant amount of infrastructure. Dams assigned the high (H) hazard potential classification are those dams in which failure or incorrect operation has the highest risk to cause loss of human life and significant damage to buildings and infrastructure. According to the IDNR and the National Inventory of Dams, two dams are classified as high hazard dams. No dams have an Emergency Action Plan (EAP). An EAP is not required by the State of Indiana but is strongly recommended in the 2003 Indiana Dam Safety & Inspection Manual. Probability (X) Impact (=) Overall Risk Low Medium High Minimal Moderate Significant Low Elevated Severe Accurate mapping of the risks of flooding behind levees depends on knowing the condition and level of protection the levees actually provide. FEMA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers are working together to make sure that flood hazard maps clearly reflect the flood protection capabilities of levees, and that the maps accurately represent the flood risks posed to areas situated behind them. Levee owners—usually states, communities, or in some cases private individuals or organizations—are responsible for ensuring that the levees they own are maintained according to their design. In order to be considered creditable flood protection structures on FEMA's flood maps, levee owners must provide documentation to prove the levee meets design, operation, and maintenance standards for protection against the one-percent-annual chance flood. Risk Identification for Flood Hazard Based on historical information, the probability of a flood is high. In Meeting #2, the planning team determined that the potential impact of a flood is significant; therefore, the overall risk of a flood hazard for Lake County is severe. Risk Identification for Dam/Levee Failure Probability (X) Impact (=) Overall Risk Low Medium High Minimal Moderate Significant Low Elevated Severe Based on historical information, the probability of dam/levee failure is medium. In Meeting #2, the planning team determined that the potential impact of dam/levee failure is moderate; therefore, the overall risk of dam/levee failure for Lake County is elevated. . HAZUS-MH Analysis Using 100-Year Flood Boundary and County Parcels Because Lake County faces such extensive flood risks, and the risks vary by community, Polis conducted HAZUS-MH flood analyses for the county as a whole; then for the individual communities as well. HAZUS-MH generated the flood depth grid for a 100-year return period by clipping the IGS 1/3 ArcSecond (approximately 10 meters) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to the Lake County flood boundary. Next, HAZUS-MH utilized a user-defined analysis of Lake County with site-specific parcel data provided by the county. ***NOTE: The HAZUS-MH analysis was based on best available flood maps; however, these are not official Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps. Lake County (Incorporated and Unincorporated) Historical Flooding Many areas of unincorporated Lake County are vulnerable to flooding due to inadequate drainage, poor flood protection structures, or little ability to protect from massive runoff in the event of significant flood disasters. Areas of Calumet Township along the Little Calumet River suffer flood damage; areas of St. John Township near the Illinois State Line and the entire length of the Kankakee River floodplain can sustain damage in any single large event. Mitigation strategies discussed in Section 6.0 may help to address these problems. Flood Analysis HAZUS-MH estimates the 100-year flood would damage 9,791 buildings at a replacement cost of $127.3 million. The total estimated numbers of damaged buildings are given in Table 5-20. Figures 5-10, 5-11, and 5-12 depict the Lake County parcel points that fall within the 100-year floodplain. Each figure highlights a different section of the county: north, central, south. Table 5-20: Lake County HAZUS-MH Building Damage General Occupancy Number of Buildings Damaged Total Building Damage (x1000) Residential 8,951 $110,755 Commercial 351 $7,906 Industrial 154 $5,403 Agricultural 161 $889 Religious 81 $1,812 Government 84 $400 Education 9 $110 Total 9,791 $127,274 Figure 5-10: Lake County Buildings in Floodplain (100-Year Flood; Northern Portion of County) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS Figure 5-11: Lake County Buildings in Floodplain (100-Year Flood; Central Portion of County) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS Figure 5-12: Lake County Buildings in Floodplain (100-Year Flood; Southern Portion of County) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS A critical facility will encounter many of the same impacts as other buildings within the flood boundary. These impacts can include structural failure, extensive water damage to the facility and loss of facility functionality (e.g. a damaged police station will no longer be able to serve the community). Critical facility names and locations are included in Appendix E. The analysis identified three care facilities, one emergency operations center, five fire departments, two police departments, six schools, six communication facilities, two electric power facility, eight hazardous material facilities, two natural gas facilities, two oil facilities, eleven port facilities, ten potable water facilities, two user-defined facilities, and four wastewater facilities that may be subject to flooding. A list of the critical facilities potentially at risk to flooding within Lake County is given in Table 5-21. Table 5-21: Lake County Damaged Critical Facilities Facility Type Facility Name Care Facilities Hammond Lakeview Ambulatory Center Munster Calumet Surgery Center Munster Med-Inn Communication Facilities Dyer Emergency Siren (Police Department) East Chicago Cell Tower Gary WLTH Highland Emergency Siren (Bradley Pumpkin Store) Schneider Emergency Siren (Fire Station) Shelby Emergency Siren (Shelby Fire Station) St John Emergency Siren (Fire Training Site) Electric Power Facilities Hammond Commonwealth Edison Facility Type Facility Name Highland NIPSCO Sub Station Emergency Operations Facility Highland Civil Defense Fire Departments Dyer Fire Department Hammond Fire Station #2 Munster Fire Department Station III Schneider West Creek Township Fire Department Shelby Fire Department Hazardous Materials Sites East Chicago Union Tank Car Company Hammond Calumet Container Hammond Cerestar USA Hammond Illco Hammond SBC Hammond Speedway #8332 Hammond Wolverine Pipeline Company Schererville Avery Dennison Natural Gas Facilities Griffith Texas Easter Trans Compressor Station Griffith Texas Eastern Products Oil Facilities Griffith Marathon Oil Company Schererville Laketon Refining Corporation Police Departments Hammond Police Department Schneider Police Department Port Facilities East Chicago American Terminals, North Dock East Chicago American Terminals, South Dock East Chicago Inland Steel Company, No. 4 Dock East Chicago Inland Steel Company, No. 6 Dock East Chicago LTV Steel Company East Chicago Mobil Oil Corporation East Chicago Northern Indiana Dock Company East Chicago Service Waste, East Chicago Dock East Chicago United States Gypsum Gary USX Corporation, East Dock Gary USX Corporation, West Dock Potable Water Facilities Gary 28th & Madison Gary 3212 Georgia St Highland Jr Bradley Pump Station Highland Kennedy Ave Storage Munster Calumet Pump Station Munster River Bend Pump Station Munster Water Tanks Munster Water Tanks St John Well #4 St. John Water Works School Facilities Gary George Washington Carver School Gary Lighthouse Charter School Hammond Sawyer College Hammond Woodland Childcare Facility Type Facility Name Highland Judith Morton Johnston Elementary Lowell Christian Academy User Defined Facilities Hammond Jean Shepherd Community Center Munster Centennial Park Waste Water Facilities Dyer Wastewater Facility Griffith Sanitary Pump Station Schererville Wastewater Facility Schneider Wastewater Facility Town of Cedar Lake Historical Flooding The interviews with Cedar Lake planning team members identified flash flooding problems in the community related to field tiles that drain 142 acres into the community. Several flash flooding areas are depicted in Figure 5-13. Section 6.0 identifies specific mitigation strategies. Figure 5-13: Cedar Lake Flash Flood Areas Flood Analysis The analysis estimates that the 100-year flood could potentially damage 56 buildings at a replacement cost of $6 million. The total estimated numbers of potentially damaged buildings in Cedar Lake are listed in Table 5-22. Figure 5-14 depicts the Cedar Lake parcel points that fall within the 100-year floodplain. Table 5-22: Cedar Lake Building Damage General Occupancy Number of Buildings Potentially Damaged Total Potential Building Damage (x1000) Residential 49 $4,754 Commercial 6 $1,193 Government 1 $60 Total 56 $6,007 Figure 5-14: Cedar Lake Buildings in Floodplain (100-Year Flood) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS A critical facility will encounter many of the same impacts as other buildings within the flood boundary. These impacts can include structural failure, extensive water damage to the facility and loss of facility functionality (e.g. a damaged police station will no longer be able to serve the community). Critical facility names and locations are included in Appendix E. The analysis identified one dam that may be subject to flooding. Its location is shown in Figure 4-6. Figure 4-6: Boundary of 100-Year Flood Overlaid with Critical Facilities NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS City of Crown Point Crown Point, September 15, 2008; Source: Weather Underground Historical Flooding The City of Crown Point has minimal street flooding due to larger rain events and slow runoff. The city has flood protection developed along the Beaver Dam Ditch which has eliminated much of the city’s flooding; however, like the rest of the county, Crown Point experienced heavy flooding in 2008. Flood Analysis The analysis estimates that the 100-year flood could potentially damage 109 buildings at a replacement cost of $24.9 million. The total estimated numbers of potentially damaged buildings are given in Table 5-23. Figure 5-15 depicts the Crown Point parcel points that fall within the 100-year floodplain. Table 5-23: Crown Point Building Damage General Occupancy Number of Buildings Potentially Damaged Total Potential Building Damage (x1000) Residential 92 $14,191 Commercial 7 $8,056 Industrial 2 $2,043 Agricultural 7 $616 Government 1 $2 Total 109 $24,908 Figure 5-15: Crown Point Buildings in Floodplain (100-Year Flood) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS The flood analysis estimates that there will be no critical facilities affected within Crown Point. Town of Dyer Historical Flooding Aerial view following flood event; Source: Town of Dyer Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan In Dyer, localized flooding problems have commonly occurred along both Dyer Ditch and Hart Ditch, during all seasons of the year. There are frequent flooding problems in the southwest portion of the town associated with Plum Creek/ Hart Ditch as it travels through the Plum Creek Forest Preserve, across the Indiana- Illinois State Line, and into Dyer. Once Plum Creek crosses into Dyer’s jurisdiction it is referred to as Hart Ditch. Flooding in this area has affected residents along Plum Creek and Hart Ditch from just south of the intersection of Forest Park Drive and Schmidt Drive north to Plum Creek Drive. This area is commonly referred to as the Beren’s Monaldi neighborhood. Source: Town of Dyer Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2007 Flood Analysis The analysis estimates that the 100-year flood could potentially damage 185 buildings at a replacement cost of $98.1 million. The total estimated numbers of potentially damaged buildings are given in Table 5-24. Figure 5-16 depicts the Dyer parcel points that fall within the 100-year floodplain. Table 5-24: Dyer Building Damage General Occupancy Number of Buildings Potentially Damaged Total Potential Building Damage (x1000) Residential 177 $92,262 Commercial 2 $1,221 Religious 3 $1,998 Government 3 $2,648 Total 185 $98,129 Figure 5-16: Dyer Buildings in Floodplain (100-Year Flood) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS A critical facility will encounter many of the same impacts as other buildings within the flood boundary. These impacts can include structural failure, extensive water damage to the facility and loss of facility functionality (e.g. a damaged police station will no longer be able to serve the community). Critical facility names and locations are included in Appendix E. The analysis identified one fire department, one communication facility, and one wastewater treatment facility that may be subject to flooding. A list of the critical facility potentially at risk to flooding within Dyer is given in Table 5-25. A map of the critical facility potentially at risk to flooding is shown in Figure 5-17. Table 5-25: Dyer Damaged Critical Facilities Facility Name Dyer Fire Department Police Department Communication Facility Dyer Waste Water Treatment Facility Figure 5-17: Boundary of 100-Year Flood Overlaid with Critical Facilities NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS City of East Chicago Historical Flooding The majority of flooding in East Chicago is related to overload of the combined sewer system (see Figure 5-18). The 145th Street Pumping Station relieves the combined sewer system. The mitigation strategies in Section 6.0 include rehabilitation of the pumping station to relieve flooding for several hundred homes. Figure 5-18: East Chicago Sewer Map Flood Analysis As previously stated, the majority of flooding in East Chicago is related to flash flooding and overload of existing infrastructure rather than riverine flooding. The HAZUS-MH riverine analysis estimates that the 100-year flood could potentially damage three buildings at a replacement cost of $3.2 million. The total estimated numbers of potentially damaged buildings are given in Table 5-26. Figure 5-19 depicts the East Chicago parcel points that fall within the 100-year floodplain. Table 5-26: East Chicago Building Damage General Occupancy Number of Buildings Potentially Damaged Total Potential Building Damage (x1000) Industrial 3 $3,187 Total 3 $3,187 Figure 5-19: East Chicago Buildings in Floodplain (100-Year Flood) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS A critical facility will encounter many of the same impacts as other buildings within the flood boundary. These impacts can include structural failure, extensive water damage to the facility and loss of facility functionality (e.g. a damaged police station will no longer be able to serve the community). Critical facility names and locations are included in Appendix E. The analysis identified one communication tower, one hazardous materials facility, and seven port facilities that may be subject to flooding. A list of the vulnerable critical facilities is in Table 5-27. A map of the critical facility potentially at risk to flooding is shown in Figure 5-20. Table 5-27: East Chicago Damaged Critical Facilities Facility Name Cell Tower Union Tank Car Company Service Waste Mobil Oil Corporation United States Gypsum Company LTV Steel Company Northern Indiana Dock Company American Terminals, North Dock American Terminals, South Dock Figure 5-20: Boundary of 100-Year Flood Overlaid with Critical Facilities NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS City of Gary IUN Gary Campus, Sept 2008; Source: NWI Times Historical Flooding The City of Gary experienced major flooding in 2008. Flooding occurred in several areas of the city including major damage at Indiana University Northwest (IUN). In addition, Interstate 80/94 was closed due to flooding. An aerial photograph depicting the 2008 flooding is shown in Figure 5-21. Section 6.0 identifies specific mitigation strategies. Figure 5-21: 2008 Flooding in Gary Gary_Flood_2008.JPG Flood Analysis The analysis estimates that the 100-year flood could potentially damage 369 buildings at a replacement cost of $79.5 million. The total estimated numbers of potentially damaged buildings are given in Table 5-28. Figure 5-22 depicts the Gary parcel points that fall within the 100-year floodplain. Table 5-28: Gary Building Damage General Occupancy Number of Buildings Potentially Damaged Total Potential Building Damage (x1000) Residential 276 $18,185 Commercial 38 $14,572 Industrial 4 $716 Religious 16 $8,948 Government 33 $25,303 Education 2 $11,803 Total 369 $79,527 Figure 5-22: Gary Buildings in Floodplain (100-Year Flood) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS A critical facility will encounter many of the same impacts as other buildings within the flood boundary. These impacts can include structural failure, extensive water damage to the facility and loss of facility functionality (e.g. a damaged police station will no longer be able to serve the community). Critical facility names and locations are included in Appendix E. The analysis identified one communication facility, two port facilities, two potable water facilities, and two schools that may be subject to flooding. The critical facility potentially at risk to flooding within Gary is given in Table 5-29. A map of critical facility potentially at risk to flooding is shown in Figure 5-23. Table 5-29: Gary County Damaged Critical Facilities Facility Name WLTH Communication Tower USX Corporation, Gary Works, East Dock USX Corporation, Gary Works, West Dock Potable Water, 28th and Madison Potable Water, 32nd and Georgia George Washington Carver School Gary Lighthouse Charter School Figure 5-23: Boundary of 100-Year Flood Overlaid with Critical Facilities NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS Town of Griffith Historical Flooding Griffith, August 2007 flooding; Source: WGN The Town of Griffith has experienced major flooding in recent years. During the mitigation strategies brainstorming session, Griffith identified the Griffith Golf Center and surrounding area as a location that frequently floods. Figure 5-24 identifies 2008 flooding along Cline Avenue (Golf Center is pictured to the right of Cline Avenue). The mitigation strategies in Section 6.0 include several drainage projects which are in progress including flood improvements to Cady Marsh ditch. Figure 5-24: 2008 Flooding in Griffith Griffith_Flood_2008.JPG Flood Analysis The analysis estimates that the 100-year flood could potentially damage 435 buildings at a replacement cost of $74.7 million. The total estimated numbers of potentially damaged buildings are given in Table 5-30. Figure 5-25 depicts the Griffith parcel points that fall within the 100- year floodplain. Table 5-30: Griffith Building Damage General Occupancy Number of Buildings Potentially Damaged Total Potential Building Damage (x1000) Residential 403 $55,165 Commercial 17 $8,477 Industrial 13 $10,891 Religious 1 $0 Government 1 $137 Total 435 $74,670 Figure 5-25: Griffith Buildings in Floodplain (100-Year Flood) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS A critical facility will encounter many of the same impacts as other buildings within the flood boundary. These impacts can include structural failure, extensive water damage to the facility and loss of facility functionality (e.g. a damaged police station will no longer be able to serve the community). Critical facility names and locations are included in Appendix E. The analysis identified one oil facility that may be subject to flooding. A list of the critical facility potentially at risk to flooding within Griffith is given in Table 5-31. A map of the critical facility potentially at risk to flooding is shown in Figure 5-26. Table 5-31: Lake County Damaged Critical Facilities Facility Name Marathon Oil Company Figure 5-26: Boundary of 100-Year Flood Overlaid with Critical Facilities NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS City of Hammond Hammond, September 2008 Source: Weather Underground Historical Flooding In September 2006, a severe storm produced 3.8 to 8 inches of rain in Hammond within approximately five hours. More than 1,000 residents reported basement backups. Particularly hard hit areas included portions of the Robertsdale, North Hammond, Central Hammond, and Hessville neighborhoods, while backups also occurred in both the South Hammond and Woodmar neighborhoods. The September flooding event also resulted in many residents becoming stranded at Dowling Park, which is located in the Hessville neighborhood and is bordered on the south by JF Mahoney Drive and Interstate 80/94 and on the east by Parish Avenue. Flooding from state-owned drainage ditches along Interstate 80/94 is believed to be the primary cause of Dowling Park access roads becoming impassible. Directly south of Dowling Park, across Interstate 80/94, exit ramps between the Interstate and Kennedy Avenue were also impassable due to high water. Figure 5-27: 2008 Flooding in Hammond Hammond_Flood_2008.JPG Flood Analysis The analysis estimates that the 100-year flood could potentially damage 3,938 buildings at a replacement cost of $580 million. The total estimated numbers of potentially damaged buildings are given in Table 5-32. Figure 5-28 depicts the Hammond parcel points that fall within the 100- year floodplain. Table 5-32: Hammond Building Damage General Occupancy Number of Buildings Potentially Damaged Total Potential Building Damage (x1000) Residential 3,786 $402,632 Commercial 71 $65,244 Industrial 30 $55,923 Religious 26 $5,784 Government 19 $40,085 Education 6 $11,101 Total 3,938 $580,769 Figure 5-28: Hammond Buildings in Floodplain (100-Year Flood) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS A critical facility will encounter many of the same impacts as other buildings within the flood boundary. These impacts can include structural failure, extensive water damage to the facility and loss of facility functionality (e.g. a damaged police station will no longer be able to serve the community). Critical facility names and locations are included in Appendix E. The analysis identified one care facility, one fire/police department facility, one electric power facility, one military facility, six hazardous material facilities, one school, and one user-defined facility that may be subject to flooding. A list of the vulnerable critical facilities is in Table 5-33. Maps of critical facilities potentially at risk to flooding are shown in Figures 5-29 and 5-30. Table 5-33: Hammond Damaged Critical Facilities Facility Name Lakeview Ambulatory Center Hammond Fire and Police Station #2 Commonwealth Edison National Guard Armory Cerestar USA Calumet Container Illco SBC Speedway #8332 Wolverine Pipeline Company Woodland Childcare Sawyer College Jean Shepherd Community Center Figure 5-29: Boundary of 100-Year Flood Overlaid with Critical Facilities (Southern Hammond) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS Figure 5-30: Boundary of 100-Year Flood Overlaid with Critical Facilities (Northern Hammond) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS Town of Highland Historical Flooding Main Street & US 41, Highland, Sept. 2008; Source: Lake County Surveyor Highland has experienced significant flooding in the past from the Little Calumet River. The north section of Highland is particularly flood-prone. Completion of the Little Calumet River Flood Control Project will protect the northern section. Highland also experiences flooding in the southern section from runoff and inadequate drainage from areas south of the town limits. Inadequate drainage structures cause flooding of many streets and some homes. The planning team developed mitigation strategies, listed in Section 6.0, to address these issues. Flood Analysis The analysis estimates that the 100-year flood could potentially damage 1,813 buildings at a replacement cost of $252 million. The total estimated numbers of potentially damaged buildings are given in Table 5-34. Figure 5-31 depicts the Highland parcel points that fall within the 100- year floodplain. Table 5-34: Highland Building Damage General Occupancy Number of Buildings Potentially Damaged Total Potential Building Damage (x1000) Residential 1,690 $188,905 Commercial 97 $48,212 Industrial 21 $4,124 Government 4 $4,269 Education 1 $7,043 Total 1,813 $252,553 Figure 5-31: Highland Buildings in Floodplain (100-Year Flood) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS A critical facility will encounter many of the same impacts as other buildings within the flood boundary. These impacts can include structural failure, extensive water damage to the facility and loss of facility functionality (e.g. a damaged police station will no longer be able to serve the community). Critical facility names and locations are included in Appendix E. The analysis identified one emergency siren, one electric power facility, one emergency operations center, two potable water facilities, one school, and one wastewater treatment facility that may be subject to flooding. The vulnerable critical facilities are in Table 5-35. A map of critical facility potentially at risk to flooding is shown in Figure 5-32. Table 5-35: Lake County Damaged Critical Facilities Facility Name Emergency Siren (Bradley Pumping Station) NIPSCO Sub Station Highland Civil Defense (EOC) Bradley Pump Station Kennedy Avenue Storage Judith Morton Johnston Elementary School Sanitary Pump Station Figure 5-32: Boundary of 100-Year Flood Overlaid with Critical Facilities NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS Hobart, Sept. 2008; Source: NWI Times City of Hobart Historical Flooding The City of Hobart experienced major flooding in 2008. Currently several properties, including the community center, are in flood- prone areas. The mitigation strategies in Section 6.0 include drainage projects that are in progress. Flood Analysis The analysis estimates that the 100-year flood could potentially damage 132 buildings at a replacement cost of $24.2 million. The total estimated numbers of potentially damaged buildings are given in Table 5-36. Figure 5-33 depicts the Hobart parcel points that fall within the 100-year floodplain. Table 5-36: Hobart Building Damage General Occupancy Number of Buildings Potentially Damaged Total Potential Building Damage (x1000) Residential 117 $17,874 Commercial 11 $6,117 Agricultural 2 $217 Government 1 $3 Education 1 $42 Total 132 $24,253 Figure 5-33: Hobart Buildings in Floodplain (100-Year Flood) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS A critical facility will encounter many of the same impacts as other buildings within the flood boundary. These impacts can include structural failure, extensive water damage to the facility and loss of facility functionality (e.g. a damaged police station will no longer be able to serve the community). A complete list of all the critical facilities, including replacement costs, is included in Appendix F. A map of the critical facilities is included in Appendix G. The analysis identified one dam that may be subject to flooding. A list of the critical facility potentially at risk to flooding within Hobart is given in Table 4-20. A map of the critical facility potentially at risk to flooding is shown in Figure 4-6. Table 4-20: Hobart Damaged Critical Facilities Facility Name Lake George Dam Figure 4-6: Boundary of 100-Year Flood Overlaid with Critical Facilities NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS Riverside Mobile Home Park, Lake Station; January 2008; Source: NWI Times City of Lake Station Historical Flooding Lake Station experienced significant flooding in 2008. An aerial photograph depicting the flooding is shown in Figure 5-34. Major flooding occurred at the Riverside trailer park and along Wyoming Street on the south side of Interstate 80/94, as well as on the north side of the city along 23rd and 24th streets. Figure 5-34: 2008 Flooding in Lake Station LakeStation_Flood_2008.JPG Flood Analysis The analysis estimates that the 100-year flood could potentially damage 152 buildings at a replacement cost of $26.4 million. The total estimated numbers of potentially damaged buildings are given in Table 5-37. Figure 5-35 depicts the Lake Station parcel points that fall within the 100-year floodplain. Table 5-37: Lake Station Building Damage General Occupancy Number of Buildings Potentially Damaged Total Potential Building Damage (x1000) Residential 143 $13,676 Commercial 7 $10,095 Industrial 1 $1,664 Government 1 $924 Total 152 $26,359 Figure 5-37: Lake Station Buildings in Floodplain (100-Year Flood) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS The flood analysis estimates that there will be no critical facilities affected in Lake Station. Town of Lowell Historical Flooding Cedar Creek @ 121st Ave, Lowell, Sept. 2008; Source: Lake County Surveyor The Town of Lowell experienced major flooding from Cedar Creek in 2008. Much of the damage was caused by the Lake Dalecarlia Dam overtopping and flooding Cedar Creek. Section 6.0 identifies specific mitigation strategies. Flood Analysis The analysis estimates that the 100-year flood could potentially damage 68 buildings at a replacement cost of $24.1 million. The total estimated numbers of potentially damaged buildings are given in Table 5-38. Figure 5-36 depicts the Lowell parcel points that fall within the 100-year floodplain. Table 5-38: Lowell HAZUS-MH Building Damage General Occupancy Number of Buildings Potentially Damaged Total Potential Building Damage (x1000) Residential 49 $6,641 Commercial 14 $4,035 Industrial 3 $11,150 Religious 1 $2,278 Government 1 $19 Total 68 $24,123 Figure 5-36: Lowell Buildings in Floodplain (100-Year Flood) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS A critical facility will encounter many of the same impacts as other buildings within the flood boundary. These impacts can include structural failure, extensive water damage to the facility and loss of facility functionality (e.g. a damaged police station will no longer be able to serve the community). Critical facility names and locations are included in Appendix E. The analysis identified one school facility that may be subject to flooding. A list of the critical facility potentially at risk to flooding within Lowell is given in Table 5-39. A map of critical facility potentially at risk to flooding is shown in Figure 5-37. Table 5-39: Lowell Damaged Critical Facilities Facility Name Lowell Christian Academy Figure 5-37: Boundary of 100-Year Flood Overlaid with Critical Facilities NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS Merrillville; Sept. 2008; Source: Panoramio Town of Merrillville Historical Flooding Merrillville is vulnerable to flooding from inadequate drainage, poor drainage infrastructure, and sanitary sewer backups. Residential development has created areas of poor drainage and flooding in the northwest and southeast quadrants of the town. Flood Analysis The analysis estimates that the 100-year flood could potentially damage 213 buildings at a replacement cost of $46.5 million. The total estimated numbers of potentially damaged buildings are given in Table 5-40. Figure 5-38 depicts the Merrillville parcel points that fall within the 100-year floodplain. Table 5-40: Merrillville Building Damage General Occupancy Number of Buildings Damaged Total Building Damage (x1000) Residential 175 $27,097 Commercial 9 $11,498 Industrial 2 $80 Agricultural 3 $337 Religious 19 $6,947 Government 5 $522 Total 213 $46,481 Figure 5-38: Merrillville Buildings in Floodplain (100-Year Flood) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS The flood analysis estimates that there will be no critical facilities affected in Merrillville. Town of Munster Munster, September 13, 2008; Source: FEMA/Leo Skinner Historical Flooding The majority of flooding in 2008 occurred in the north section of the town, and the properties behind the levees are an area of flooding concern. A map is included in Figure 5-39, and an aerial view is shown in Figure 5-40. The mitigation strategies in Section 6.0 include updating the city’s comprehensive plan and instituting buy-outs of all residential properties behind the levee in order to transform the low-lying, flood-prone area into a park. Figure 5-39: Munster Situational Map Munster Figure 5-40: 2008 Flooding in Munster Munster_Flood_2008.JPG Flood Analysis The analysis estimates that the 100-year flood could potentially damage 1,118 buildings at a replacement cost of $27.6 million. The total estimated number of potentially damaged buildings is given in Table 5-41. Figure 5-41 depicts the Munster parcel points that fall within the 100-year floodplain. Table 5-41: Munster Building Damage General Occupancy Number of Buildings Potentially Damaged Total Potential Building Damage (x1000) Residential 1,087 $200,548 Commercial 26 $49,683 Religious 3 $2,670 Government 2 $194 Total 1,118 $253,095 Figure 5-41: Munster Buildings in Floodplain (100-Year Flood) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS A critical facility will encounter many of the same impacts as other buildings within the flood boundary. These impacts can include structural failure, extensive water damage to the facility and loss of facility functionality (e.g. a damaged police station will no longer be able to serve the community). Critical facility names and locations are included in Appendix E. The analysis identified three care facilities, one fire station, four potable water facilities, and one user-defined facility that may be subject to flooding. Vulnerable critical facilities are in Table 5- 42. A map of critical facilities potentially at risk to flooding is shown in Figure 5-42. Table 5-42: Munster, Indiana Damaged Critical Facilities Facility Name Calumet Surgery Center Munster Med-Inn Hammond Clinic Munster Fire Department Station III River Bend Pump Station River Bend Water Tanks Calumet Pump Station Calumet Water Tanks Centennial Park Figure 5-42: Boundary of 100-Year Flood Overlaid with Critical Facilities NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS Town of New Chicago Historical Flooding The Town of New Chicago has potential flooding related to its combined sewer system. In addition, the community has potential flooding along Deep River on the north side of the town. Flood Analysis The analysis estimates that the 100-year flood could potentially damage 15 buildings at a replacement cost of $1.1 million. The total estimated numbers of potentially damaged buildings are given in Table 5-43. Figure 5-43 depicts the New Chicago parcel points that fall within the 100-year floodplain. Table 5-43: New Chicago Building Damage General Occupancy Number of Buildings Potentially Damaged Total Potential Building Damage (x1000) Residential 11 $1,032 Commercial 4 $22 Total 15 $1,054 Figure 5-43: New Chicago Buildings in Floodplain (100-Year Flood) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS The flood analysis estimates that there will be no critical facilities affected. Town of Schererville Historical Flooding The interviews with Schererville representatives identified major flooding problems in the north side of the community including areas along Kennedy Avenue. Localized flash flooding also occurs regularly along US Highway 30 at the railroad overpass east of Highway 41. The flooding of 2008 eroded the Grand Canopy retention pond structure, which contains 400 acre feet of storage. Main St & Kennedy Ave, Schererville; Sept. 2008; Source: Lake County Surveyor The town completed a watershed management study October 2009 to identify many drainage improvement projects. Section 6.0 addresses other mitigation strategies. Flood Analysis The analysis estimates that the 100-year flood would damage 320 buildings at a replacement cost of $113.8 million. The total estimated numbers of damaged buildings are given in Table 5-44. Figure 5-44 depicts the Schererville parcel points that fall within the 100-year floodplain. Table 5-44: Schererville Building Damage General Occupancy Number of Buildings Potentially Damaged Total Potential Building Damage (x1000) Residential 240 $36,958 Commercial 24 $15,353 Industrial 54 $52,045 Religious 1 $9,407 Government 1 $13 Total 320 $113,776 Figure 5-44: Schererville Buildings in Floodplain (100-Year Flood) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS A critical facility will encounter many of the same impacts as other buildings within the flood boundary. These impacts can include structural failure, extensive water damage to the facility and loss of facility functionality (e.g. a damaged police station will no longer be able to serve the community). Critical facility names and locations are included in Appendix E. The flood analysis identified one hazardous materials facility, one natural gas facility, one oil facility, and one wastewater treatment facility that may be subject to flooding. A list of the critical facilities within Schererville is given in Table 5-45. A map of critical facilities potentially at risk to flooding is shown in Figures 4-45. Table 5-45: Schererville Damaged Critical Facilities Facility Name Avery Dennison (Hazardous Materials) Texas Eastern Products (Natural Gas Facility) Laketon Refining Corporation (Oil Facility) Schererville Wastewater Facility Figure 5-45: Boundary of 100-Year Flood Overlaid with Critical Facilities NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS Town of Schneider Historical Flooding Schneider experiences major flash flooding along Highway 41 due to poor drainage structures. Furthermore, the entire town is protected by a levee; in the event of levee failure, the community would be inundated by Kankakee River. Flood Analysis The analysis estimates that the 100-year flood would damage 147 buildings at a replacement cost of $19.3 million. The total estimated numbers of damaged buildings are given in Table 5-46. Figure 5-46depicts the Schneider parcel points that fall within the 100-year floodplain. Table 5-46: Schneider Building Damage General Occupancy Number of Buildings Potentially Damaged Total Potential Building Damage (x1000) Residential 127 $9,364 Commercial 7 $1,265 Industrial 9 $7,547 Religious 1 $282 Government 3 $865 Total 147 $19,323 Figure 5-46: Schneider Buildings in Floodplain (100-Year Flood) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS A critical facility will encounter many of the same impacts as other buildings within the flood boundary. These impacts can include structural failure, extensive water damage to the facility and loss of facility functionality (e.g. a damaged police station will no longer be able to serve the community). Critical facility names and locations are included in Appendix E. The flood analysis identified one communications facility, one fire department, and one police department that may be subject to flooding. Vulnerable critical facilities are listed in Table 5-47. A map of critical facilities potentially at risk to flooding is shown in Figures 5-47. Table 5-47: Schneider Damaged Critical Facilities Facility Name Emergency Siren (Schneider fire station) West Creek Township Fire Department Schneider Police Department Figure 5-47: Boundary of 100-Year Flood Overlaid with Critical Facilities NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS Town of St. John Historical Flooding Much of St. John is located on high ground and is not as susceptible to flooding as other areas in the county; however, there are still areas that are vulnerable to flash and riverine flooding, and in 2003, many residents reported flood damage to their homes. Flood Analysis The analysis estimates that the 100-year flood could potentially damage 80 buildings at a replacement cost of $14.6 million. The total estimated numbers of potentially damaged buildings are given in Table 5-48. Figure 5-48 depicts the St John parcel points that fall within the 100- year floodplain. Table 5-48: St John Building Damage General Occupancy Number of Buildings Potentially Damaged Total Potential Building Damage (x1000) Residential 65 $11,685 Commercial 2 $454 Industrial 9 $2,298 Religious 3 $162 Government 1 $5 Total 80 $14,604 Figure 5-48: St John Buildings in Floodplain (100-Year Flood) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS A critical facility will encounter many of the same impacts as other buildings within the flood boundary. These impacts can include structural failure, extensive water damage to the facility and loss of facility functionality (e.g. a damaged police station will no longer be able to serve the community). Critical facility names and locations are included in Appendix E. The HAZUS-MH analysis identified one communication tower, one dam, and two potable water facilities that may be subject to flooding. A list of the critical facilities within St John is given in Table 5-49. A map of critical facilities potentially at risk to flooding is shown in Figure 5-49. Table 5-49: St John Damaged Critical Facilities Facility Name Communication Tower- Fire Training Site Dam St John Water Works St John Water Well #4 Figure 5-49 Boundary of 100-Year Flood Overlaid with Essential Facilities NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS City of Whiting Historical Flooding Due to its location next to Lake Michigan, Whiting does not experience extreme flood events, nor does it have any flood-prone properties. Flood Analysis The analysis estimates that the 100-year flood would not damage any buildings in Whiting. Figure 5-50 depicts Whiting and the 100-year floodplain in the area. Figure 5-50: Whiting and Floodplain (100-Year Flood) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS Town of Winfield Historical Flooding The Town of Winfield experiences minimal flooding. Any significant flooding that the town does experience is flash flooding along streets due to inadequate stormwater drainage. Flood Analysis The analysis estimates that the 100-year flood could potentially damage 20 buildings at a replacement cost of $4.9 million. The total estimated numbers of potentially damaged buildings are given in Table 5-50. Figure 5-51 depicts the Winfield parcel points that fall within the 100- year floodplain. Table 5-50: Winfield Building Damage General Occupancy Number of Buildings Potentially Damaged Total Potential Building Damage (x1000) Residential 14 $3,902 Agricultural 6 $994 Total 20 $4,896 Figure 5-51: Winfield Buildings in Floodplain (100-Year Flood) NOTE: Analysis did not use official DFIRMS The flood analysis estimates that there will be no critical facilities affected in Winfield. Infrastructure The types of infrastructure that could be impacted by a flood include roadways, utility lines/pipes, railroads, and bridges. Since an extensive inventory of the infrastructure is not available for this plan, it is important to emphasize that any number of these items could become damaged in the event of a flood. The impacts to these items include broken, failed, or impassable roadways; broken or failed utility lines (e.g. loss of power or gas to community); or railway failure from broken or impassable railways. Bridges could also fail or become impassable, causing traffic risks. Vulnerability Analysis for Flash Flooding Flash flooding could affect any location within this jurisdiction; therefore, the entire county’s population and buildings are vulnerable to a flash flood. These structures can expect the same impacts as discussed in a riverine flood. Critical facility names and locations are included in Appendix E. Vulnerability Analysis for Dam and Levee Failure An EAP is required to assess the effect of dam failure on these communities. In order to be considered creditable flood protection structures on FEMA's flood maps, levee owners must provide documentation to prove the levee meets design, operation, and maintenance standards for protection against the "one-percent-annual chance" flood. Vulnerability to Future Assets/Infrastructure for Flooding Flash flooding may affect nearly every location within the county; therefore all buildings and infrastructure are vulnerable to flash flooding. Currently, the Lake County planning commission reviews new development for compliance with the local zoning ordinance. At this time no construction is planned within the area of the 100-year floodplain. Therefore, there is no new construction which will be vulnerable to a 100-year flood. Vulnerability to Future Assets/Infrastructure for Dam and Levee Failure The Lake County planning commission reviews new development for compliance with the local zoning ordinance. Analysis of Community Development Trends Controlling floodplain development is the key to reducing flood-related damages. Areas with recent development within the county may be more vulnerable to drainage issues. Storm drains and sewer systems are usually most susceptible. Damage to these can cause the back-up of water, sewage, and debris into homes and basements, causing structural and mechanical damage as well as creating public health hazards and unsanitary conditions. 5.3.3 EARTHQUAKE HAZARD Hazard Definition An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the earth caused by the breaking and shifting of rock beneath the earth's surface. For hundreds of millions of years, the forces of plate tectonics have shaped Earth as the huge plates that form the earth's surface move slowly over, under, and past each other. Sometimes the movement is gradual. At other times, the plates are locked together unable to release the accumulating energy. When the accumulated energy grows strong enough, the plates break free causing the ground to shake. Most earthquakes occur at the boundaries where the plates meet; however, some earthquakes occur in the middle of plates, as is the case for seismic zones in the Midwestern United States. The most seismically active area is referred to as the New Madrid Seismic Zone. Scientists have learned that the New Madrid fault system may not be the only fault system in the Central U.S. capable of producing damaging earthquakes. The Wabash Valley fault system in Illinois and Indiana shows evidence of large earthquakes in its geologic history, and there may be other, as yet unidentified, faults that could produce strong earthquakes. Ground shaking from strong earthquakes can collapse buildings and bridges; disrupt gas, electric, and phone service; and sometimes trigger landslides, avalanches, flash floods, fires, and huge destructive ocean waves (tsunamis). Buildings with foundations resting on unconsolidated landfill and other unstable soil and trailers and homes not tied to their foundations are at risk because they can be shaken off their mountings during an earthquake. When an earthquake occurs in a populated area it may cause deaths, injuries, and extensive property damage. The possibility of the occurrence of a catastrophic earthquake in the central and eastern United States is real as evidenced by history and described throughout this section. The impacts of significant earthquakes affect large areas, terminating public services and systems needed to aid the suffering and displaced. These impaired systems are interrelated in the hardest struck zones. Power lines, water and sanitary lines, and public communication may be lost; and highways, railways, rivers, and ports may not allow transportation to the affected region. Furthermore, essential facilities, such as fire and police departments and hospitals, may be disrupted if not previously improved to resist earthquakes. As with hurricanes, mass relocation may be necessary, but the residents who are suffering from the earthquake can neither leave the heavily impacted areas nor receive aid or even communication in the aftermath of a significant event. Magnitude, which is determined from measurements on seismographs, measures the energy released at the source of the earthquake. Intensity measures the strength of shaking produced by the earthquake at a certain location and is determined from effects on people, human structures, and the natural environment. Tables 5-51 and 5-52 list earthquake magnitudes and their corresponding intensities. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learning/topics/mag_vs_int.php Table 5-51: Abbreviated Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale Mercalli Intensity Description I Not felt except by a very few under especially favorable conditions. II Felt only by a few persons at rest, especially on upper floors of buildings. III Felt quite noticeably by persons indoors, especially on upper floors of buildings. Many people do not recognize it as an earthquake. Standing motor cars may rock slightly. Vibrations similar to the passing of a truck. Duration estimated. IV Felt indoors by many, outdoors by few during the day. At night, some awakened. Dishes, windows, doors disturbed; walls make cracking sound. Sensation like heavy truck striking building. Standing motor cars rocked noticeably. V Felt by nearly everyone; many awakened. Some dishes, windows broken. Unstable objects overturned. Pendulum clocks may stop. VI Felt by all, many frightened. Some heavy furniture moved; a few instances of fallen plaster. Damage slight. VII Damage negligible in buildings of good design and construction; slight to moderate in well-built ordinary structures; considerable damage in poorly built or badly designed structures; some chimneys broken. VIII Damage slight in specially designed structures; considerable damage in ordinary substantial buildings with partial collapse. Damage great in poorly built structures. Fall of chimneys, factory stacks, columns, monuments, walls. Heavy furniture overturned. IX Damage considerable in specially designed structures; well-designed frame structures thrown out of plumb. Damage great in substantial buildings, with partial collapse. Buildings shifted off foundations. X Some well-built wooden structures destroyed; most masonry and frame structures destroyed with foundations. Rails bent. XI Few, if any (masonry) structures remain standing. Bridges destroyed. Rails bent greatly. XII Damage total. Lines of sight and level are distorted. Objects thrown into the air. Table 5-52: Earthquake Magnitude vs. Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale Earthquake Magnitude Typical Maximum Modified Mercalli Intensity 1.0 - 3.0 I 3.0 - 3.9 II - III 4.0 - 4.9 IV - V 5.0 - 5.9 VI - VII 6.0 - 6.9 VII - IX 7.0 and higher VIII or higher Previous Occurrences for Earthquake Hazard Approximately 40 earthquakes have occurred in Indiana for which reasonably accurate records exist. They vary in moment magnitude from a low of approximately M=2.0 to a high of M=5.2. The consensus of opinion among seismologists working in the Midwest is that a magnitude 5.0- to 5.5-event could occur virtually anywhere at any time in the region. The last earthquake to occur in Indiana—as of the date of this report—occurred on September 12, 2004 just north of Shelbyville and measured 3.6 in magnitude. The largest prehistoric earthquake documented in the state occurred at Vincennes 6,100 years ago and is known by the size and physical character of sandblows formed during the quake to have had a moment magnitude of 7.4. According to the Indiana Geological Survey (IGS), no earthquakes have been recorded with epicenters in Lake County. Statewide historical epicenters outside of Lake County are included in Figure 5-52, although information related to the impacts to Lake County from these events is limited. Figure 5-52: Historical Earthquake Epicenters The most damaging Indiana earthquake originating within the state occurred on September 27, 1909 near the Indiana border between Vincennes and Terre Haute. Some chimneys fell, several building walls cracked, light connections severed, and pictures shook from the walls. It was felt throughout Indiana and parts of Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri, Arkansas, and probably in parts of Kansas, covering an area of 30,000 square miles. Indiana has also suffered from damage caused by earthquakes originating in neighboring states. The worst occurred on November 9, 1968, and centered near Dale in southern Illinois. The shock, a magnitude of 5.3, was felt over 580,000 square miles and 23 states including all of Indiana. Intensity VII was reported from Cynthiana, where chimneys cracked, twisted, and toppled; at Fort Branch, where groceries fell from shelves and a loud roaring noise was heard; and in Mount Vernon, New Harmony, Petersburg, Princeton, and Stewartsville, all of which had similar effects. At Poseyville, "Fish jumped out of the rivers, ponds, and lakes." On March 2, 1937, a shock centering near Anna, Ohio threw objects from shelves at Fort Wayne and some plaster fell. Six days later, another shock originating at Anna brought pictures crashing down and cracked plaster in Fort Wayne and was strongly felt in Lafayette. On April 18, 2008, an earthquake originating in Illinois within the Wabash Valley Seismic Zone caused minor structural damage to buildings in East Alton, Mount Carmel, and West Salem, Illinois, and a cornice fell from one building at Louisville, Kentucky. The earthquake, a magnitude 5.4, was felt widely throughout the central United States from Green Bay, Wisconsin south to Atlanta, Georgia and Tuscaloosa, Alabama and from Sioux City, Iowa and Omaha, Nebraska east to Akron, Ohio and Parkersburg, West Virginia, including all or parts of Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. It was also felt in southern Ontario, Canada. Instrumental Intensity Image As of the date of this report, the most recent earthquake to hit the Central United States occurred on February 10, 2010 (see USGS shake map to the right). The epicenter of the magnitude 3.8 event was 3 km northwest of Lily Lake, Illinois, close to Chicago. Millions of people reported feeling the tremor including residents of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Wisconsin, Kentucky, Tennessee, and even Georgia. The great New Madrid earthquakes of 1811 and 1812 must have strongly affected the state, particularly the southwestern part, but there is little information available from these frontier times. [The above history was abridged from Earthquake Information Bulletin, Volume 4, Number 4, July-August 1972 and from http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqinthenews/2008/us2008qza6/#summary.] 1827 Jul 5 11:30 4.8M Intensity VI Near New Harmony, Indiana (38.0N 87.5W) The earthquake cracked a brick store at New Harmony, Indiana, and greatly alarmed some people. It was described as violent at New Madrid, Missouri, and severe in St. Louis. It also alarmed many in Cincinnati, Ohio and Frankfort, Kentucky. 1827 Aug 7 04:30 4.8M Intensity V Southern Illinois (38.0N 88.0W) 1827 Aug 7 07:00 4.7M Intensity V Southern Illinois (38.0N 88.0W) 1887 Feb 6 22:15 4.6M Intensity VI Near Vincennes, Indiana (38.7N 87.5W) This shock was strongest in southwest Indiana and southeast Illinois. Plaster was shaken from walls in Vincennes, west of Terre Haute, and in Martinsville; a cornice reportedly fell from a building in Huntington, Indiana. It was felt distinctly in Evansville, Indiana, but only slightly in the outskirts of St. Louis, Missouri. The shockwave was also reported in Louisville, Kentucky. 1891 Jul 27 02:28 4.1M Intensity VI Evansville, Indiana (37.9N 87.5W) A strong local earthquake damaged a wall on a hotel, broke dishes, and overturned furniture in Evansville. The shock also was strong near Evansville in Mount Vernon, and Newburgh Indiana; and at Hawesville, Henderson, and Owensboro, Kentucky. 1921 Mar 14 12:15 4.4M Intensity VI Near Terre Haute, Indiana (39.5N 87.5W) This earthquake broke windows in many buildings and sent residents rushing into the streets in Terre Haute. Small articles were overturned in Paris, Illinois, about 35 km northwest of Terre Haute. 1925 Apr 27 04:05 4.8M Intensity VI Wabash River valley, near Princeton, Indiana (38.2N 87.8W) Chimneys were downed in Princeton and in Carmi, Indiana; 100 km southwest chimneys were broken in Louisville, Kentucky. Crowds fled from the theaters in Evansville, Indiana. The affected area included parts of Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, and Ohio. The above text was taken from http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/states/indiana/history.php Geographic Location for Earthquake Hazard Lake County occupies a region susceptible to the threat of an earthquake along the Wabash Valley Fault System. Return periods for large earthquakes within the New Madrid System are estimated to be 500 years; moderate quakes between magnitude 5.5 and 6.0 can recur within approximately 150 years or less. The Wabash Valley Fault System is a sleeper that threatens the southwest quadrant of the state and may generate an earthquake large enough to cause damage as far north and east as Lake County. Probability (X) Impact (=) Overall Risk Low Medium High Minimal Moderate Significant Low Elevated Severe Hazard Extent for Earthquake Hazard The extent of the earthquake is countywide. One of the most critical sources of information that is required for accurate assessment of earthquake risk is soils data. A National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) compliant soils map was used for the analysis which was provided by IGS. The map identifies the soils most susceptible to failure. Risk Identification for Earthquake Hazard Based on historical information, the probability of an earthquake is low; however, USGS and IGS research and studies attest that future earthquakes in Lake County are possible. In Meeting #2, the planning team determined that the potential impact of an earthquake is moderate; therefore, the overall risk of an earthquake hazard for Lake County is low. Vulnerability Analysis for Earthquake Hazard This hazard could impact the entire jurisdiction equally; therefore, the entire county’s population and all buildings are vulnerable to an earthquake and can expect the same impacts within the affected area. To accommodate this risk, this plan will consider all buildings located within the county as vulnerable. Critical Facilities All critical facilities are vulnerable to earthquakes. A critical facility would encounter many of the same impacts as any other building within the county. These impacts include structural failure and loss of facility functionality (e.g. a damaged police station will no longer be able to serve the community). Critical facility names and locations are included in Appendix E. Building Inventory A table of the building exposure in terms of types and numbers of buildings for the entire county is listed in Table 5-5. The buildings within the county can all expect the same impacts, similar to those discussed for critical facilities. These impacts include structural failure and loss of building function which could result in indirect impacts (e.g. damaged homes will no longer be habitable causing residents to seek shelter). Infrastructure During an earthquake, the types of infrastructure that could be impacted include roadways, utility lines/pipes, railroads, and bridges. Since an extensive inventory of the infrastructure is not available to this plan, it is important to emphasize that any number of these items could become damaged in the event of an earthquake. The impacts to these items include broken, failed, or impassable roadways, broken or failed utility lines (e.g. loss of power or gas to community), and railway failure from broken or impassable railways. Bridges could also fail or become impassable causing traffic risks. Typical scenarios are described to gauge the anticipated impacts of earthquakes in the county in terms of numbers and types of buildings and infrastructure. The Polis team contacted IGS to obtain existing geological information. Four earthquake scenarios—two based on deterministic scenarios and two based on probabilistic scenarios—were developed to provide a reasonable basis for earthquake planning in Lake County. Note that a deterministic scenario, in this context, refers to hazard or risk models based on specific scenarios without explicit consideration of the probability of their occurrences. The first deterministic scenario was a 7.1 magnitude epicenter along the Wabash Valley fault zone. Shake maps provided by FEMA were used in HAZUS-MH to estimate losses for Lake County based on this event. The second deterministic scenario was a moment magnitude of 5.5 with the epicenter located in Lake County. This scenario was selected based upon the opinion of the IGS stating it could occur in the selected location and that it would therefore represent a realistic scenario for planning purposes. Additionally, the analysis included two different types of probabilistic scenarios. These types of scenarios are based on ground shaking parameters derived from U.S. Geological Survey probabilistic seismic hazard curves. The first probabilistic scenario was a 500-year return period scenario. This scenario evaluates the average impacts of a multitude of possible earthquake epicenters with a magnitude that would be typical of that expected for a 500-year return period. The second probabilistic scenario allowed calculation of annualized loss. The annualized loss analysis in HAZUS-MH provides a means for averaging potential losses from future scenarios while considering their probabilities of occurrence. The HAZUS-MH earthquake model evaluates eight different return period scenarios for the 100-, 250-, 500-, 750-, 1000-, 1500-, 2000-, and 2500-year return period earthquake events. HAZUS-MH then calculates the probabilities of these events as well as the interim events, calculates their associated losses, and sums these losses to calculate an annualized loss. These analysis options were chosen because they are useful for prioritization of seismic reduction measures and for simulating mitigation strategies. The following earthquake hazard modeling scenarios were performed: • 7.1 magnitude earthquake on the Wabash Valley Fault System • 5.5 magnitude earthquake local epicenter • 500-year return period event • Annualized earthquake loss Modeling a deterministic scenario requires user input for a variety of parameters. One of the most critical sources of information that is required for accurate assessment of earthquake risk is soils data. Fortunately, a National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) soil classification map exists for Indiana. NEHRP soil classifications portray the degree of shear- wave amplification that can occur during ground shaking. The IGS supplied the soils map was used for the analysis. FEMA provided a map for liquefaction potential that was used by HAZUS- MH. An earthquake depth of 10.0 kilometers was selected based on input from IGS. HAZUS-MH also requires the user to define an attenuation function unless ground motion maps are supplied. Because Lake County has experienced smaller earthquakes, the decision was made to use the Central Eastern United States (CEUS) attenuation function. The probabilistic return period analysis and the annualized loss analysis do not require user input. The building losses are broken into two categories: direct building losses and business interruption losses. The direct building losses are the estimated costs to repair or replace the damage caused to the building and its contents. The business interruption losses are the losses associated with inability to operate a business because of the damage sustained during the earthquake. Business interruption losses also include the temporary living expenses for those people displaced from their homes because of the earthquake. HAZUS-MH Earthquake Analysis Results for 7.1 Magnitude Earthquake Wabash Valley Scenario The results of the 7.1 Wabash Valley earthquake are depicted in Table 5-53, Table 5-54, and Figure 5-53. HAZUS-MH estimates that approximately 60 buildings will be at least moderately damaged. It is estimated that no buildings will be damaged beyond repair. The total building related losses totaled $26.3 million; 6% of the estimated losses were related to the business interruption of the region. By far, the largest loss was sustained by the residential occupancies, which made up more than 33% of the total loss. Table 5-53 Wabash Valley Scenario-Damage Counts by Building Occupancy Table 5-54: Wabash Valley Scenario-Building Economic losses in Millions of Dollars Figure 5-53: Wabash Valley Scenario-Building Economic Losses in Thousands of Dollars Before the earthquake, the region had 7,643 care beds available for use. On the day of the earthquake, the model estimates that only 4,043 care beds (53%) are available for use by patients already in medical care facilities and those injured by the earthquake. After one week, 97% of the beds will be back in service. By day 30, 100% will be operational. Results for 5.5 Magnitude Earthquake in Lake County The results of the initial analysis, the 5.5 magnitude earthquake with an epicenter near the center of Lake County, are depicted in Tables 5-55 and 5-56 and Figure 5-53. HAZUS-MH estimates that approximately 23,497 buildings will be at least moderately damaged. This is more than 13% of the total number of buildings in the region. It is estimated that 903 buildings will be damaged beyond repair. The total building related losses totaled $3.7 billion; 14% of the estimated losses were related to the business interruption of the region. By far, the largest loss was sustained by the residential occupancies, which comprised more than 60% of the total loss. Table 5-55: Lake County 5.5M Scenario-Damage Counts by Building Occupancy Table 5-56: Lake County 5.5M Scenario-Building Economic Losses in Millions of Dollars Figure 5-54: Lake County 5.5M Scenario-Building Economic Losses in Thousands of Dollars Before the earthquake, the region had 7,643 care beds available for use. On the day of the earthquake, the model estimates that only 313 care beds (4%) are available for use by patients already in medical care facilities and those injured by the earthquake. After one week, 53% of the beds will be back in service. By day 30, 80% will be operational. Results 5.0 Magnitude 500-Year Probabilistic Scenario The results of the 500-year probabilistic analysis are depicted in Tables 5-57 and 5-58. HAZUS- MH estimates that approximately 1,249 buildings will be at least moderately damaged. This is more than 1% of the total number of buildings in the region. It is estimated that 13 buildings will be damaged beyond repair. The total building-related losses totaled $93.2 million; 30% of the estimated losses were related to the business interruption of the region. By far, the largest loss was sustained by the residential occupancies, which made up more than 45% of the total loss. Table 5-57: 500-Year Probabilistic Scenario-Damage Counts by Building Occupancy Table 5-58: 500-Year Probabilistic Scenario-Building Economic Losses in Millions of Dollars Before the earthquake, the region had 7,643 care beds available for use. On the day of the earthquake, the model estimates that only 4,827 care beds (63%) are available for use by patients already in medical care facilities and those injured by the earthquake. After one week, 98% of the beds will be back in service. By day 30, 100% will be operational. Results Annualized Risk Scenario HAZUS-MH estimates that approximately 655 buildings will be at least moderately damaged. It is estimated that no buildings will be damaged beyond repair. Vulnerability to Future Assets/Infrastructure for Earthquake Hazard New construction, especially critical facilities, will accommodate earthquake mitigation design standards. Analysis of Community Development Trends Community development will occur outside of the low-lying areas in floodplains with a water table within five feet of grade that is susceptible to liquefaction. In the brainstorming sessions, the MHMP team discussed specific mitigation strategies for potential earthquake hazards. The discussion included strategies to harden and protect future, as well as existing, structures against the possible termination of public services and systems including power lines, water and sanitary lines, and public communication. 5.3.4 THUNDERSTORM HAZARD Hazard Definition Severe thunderstorms are defined as thunderstorms with one or more of the following characteristics: strong winds, large damaging hail, or frequent lightning. Severe thunderstorms most frequently occur in Indiana during the spring and summer months, but can occur any month of the year at any time of day. A severe thunderstorm’s impacts can be localized or can be widespread in nature. A thunderstorm is classified as severe when it meets one or more of the following criteria. • Hail of diameter 0.75 inches or higher • Frequent and dangerous lightning • Wind speeds equal to or greater than 58 miles per hour Nickel-sized hail, August 2007, Crown Point; Source: WGN Hail Hail is a product of a strong thunderstorm. Hail usually falls near the center of a storm, however strong winds occurring at high altitudes in the thunderstorm can blow the hailstones away from the storm center, resulting in damage in other areas near the storm. Hailstones range from pea-sized to baseball-sized, but hailstones larger than softballs have been reported on rare occasions. Lightning Lightning is a discharge of electricity from a thunderstorm. Lightning is often perceived as a minor hazard, but in reality lightning causes damage to many structures and kills or severely injures numerous people in the United States each year. Severe Winds (Straight-Line Winds) Straight-line winds from thunderstorms are a fairly common occurrence across Indiana. Straight- line winds can cause damage to homes, businesses, power lines, and agricultural areas, and may require temporary sheltering of individuals who are without power for extended periods of time. Previous Occurrences for Thunderstorm Hazard The NCDC database reported 62 hailstorms in Lake County since 1950. Hailstorms occur nearly every year in the late spring and early summer months. A recent event occurred in 2008 when quarter-sized hail was reported near Route 2 and Commercial Street. Thunderstorms developed during the middle and late afternoon hours of May 30 across east central Illinois and moved east across northwest Indiana during the evening hours. These thunderstorms produced large hail, heavy rain and some flooding. The Lake County hailstorms are identified in Table 5-59. Additional details for NCDC events are included in Appendix C. Table 5-59: Lake County Hailstorms* Location or County Date Type Magnitude Deaths Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage Lake 4/23/1961 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Lake 6/29/1976 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Lake 6/29/1976 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Lake 7/26/1978 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Lake 8/13/1980 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Lake 7/1/1983 Hail 2.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Lake 7/1/1983 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Lake 7/2/1983 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Lake 9/18/1983 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Lake 3/27/1991 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Location or County Date Type Magnitude Deaths Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage Lake 3/27/1991 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Lake 3/27/1991 Hail 2.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Lake 7/7/1991 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Lake 3/6/1992 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Lake 7/8/1992 Hail 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Damaged A Television 4/20/1993 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Cedar Lake 4/20/1993 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Hammond 4/25/1994 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Schererville 6/13/1994 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Griffith 6/13/1994 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Lowell 7/6/1994 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Crown Point 6/6/1995 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Hammond 6/7/1995 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Hammond 6/7/1995 Hail 1.50 in. 0 0 0 0 Gary 6/7/1995 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Schererville 4/12/1996 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Lowell 4/19/1996 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Highland 4/19/1996 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Crown Pt 5/9/1996 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Merrillville 5/9/1996 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Lowell 5/5/1997 Hail 2.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Hammond 7/18/1997 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Munster 4/10/1999 Hail 1.25 in. 0 0 0 0 Lowell 7/31/1999 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Lowell 5/18/2000 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Hobart 7/17/2003 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Munster 7/17/2003 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Cedar Lake 7/17/2003 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Lowell 7/17/2003 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Merrillville 8/1/2003 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Cedar Lake 8/1/2003 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Munster 8/3/2003 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Hammond 5/7/2004 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Highland 5/23/2004 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Crown Pt 6/4/2005 Hail 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Whiting 6/9/2005 Hail 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Lowell 6/21/2006 Hail 1.50 in. 0 0 0 0 Shelby 6/26/2006 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Griffith 10/2/2006 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0K 0K Merrillville 5/15/2007 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0K 0K Schererville 6/18/2007 Hail 0.88 in. 0 0 0K 0K East Chicago 7/10/2007 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0K 0K Highland 8/15/2007 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0K 0K Griffith 8/15/2007 Hail 0.88 in. 0 0 0K 0K Crown Pt 8/15/2007 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0K 0K Hobart 8/15/2007 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0K 0K Location or County Date Type Magnitude Deaths Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage Merrillville 8/15/2007 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0K 0K Hobart 8/15/2007 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0K 0K Merrillville 8/15/2007 Hail 0.88 in. 0 0 0K 0K Lowell 5/30/2008 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0K 0K Griffith 6/4/2008 Hail 0.88 in. 0 0 0K 0K Gary 6/22/2008 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0K 0K August 2007, Crown Point; Source: WGN * NCDC records are estimates of damage compiled by the National Weather Service from various local, state, and federal sources. However, these estimates are often preliminary in nature and may not match the final assessment of economic and property losses related to a given weather event. The NCDC database reported 13 occurrences of significant lightning strikes in Lake County since 1950. For example, on August 9, 2007, a house under construction was struck by lightning. The house suffered fire and water damage. Thunderstorms produced lightning strikes which caused structural damage. The Lake County lightning strikes are identified in Table 5-60. Additional details for NCDC events are included in Appendix C. Lightning occurs in Lake County every year. The following list only represents those events which were recorded by the NCDC. Table 5-60: Lake County Lightning Strikes* Location or County Date Type Magnitude Deaths Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage Lake 4/19/1993 Lightning N/A 0 1 50K 0 Hobart 5/17/1994 Lightning N/A 0 0 5K 0 Hobart 6/27/1995 Lightning N/A 0 1 0 0 Cedar Lake 5/24/1996 Lightning N/A 0 1 0 0 Crown Pt 6/25/2002 Lightning N/A 0 2 0 0 Hammond 5/9/2003 Lightning N/A 0 0 0 0 Crown Pt 5/11/2005 Lightning N/A 0 0 0 0 Munster 5/29/2006 Lightning N/A 0 0 0 0 Gary 7/20/2006 Lightning N/A 0 0 50K 0 Schererville 5/15/2007 Lightning N/A 0 0 20K 0K Gary 5/26/2007 Lightning N/A 0 1 0K 0K Lake Station 6/18/2007 Lightning N/A 0 0 5K 0K Winfield 8/9/2007 Lightning N/A 0 0 20K 0K * NCDC records are estimates of damage compiled by the National Weather Service from various local, state, and federal sources. However, these estimates are often preliminary in nature and may not match the final assessment of economic and property losses related to a given weather event. The NCDC database identified 137 wind storms reported since 1950. In December 2007, a wind storm caused significant damage: numerous large tree limbs were blown down; a fence was destroyed, and shingles were blown off houses. Only a few bolts of lightning were reported but winds gusted as high as 70 miles per hour. As shown in the following table, wind storms have historically occurred year-round with the greatest frequency and damage between May and July. Table 5-61 includes available top wind speeds for Lake County. Table 5-61: Lake County Wind Storms* Location or County Date Type Magnitude Deaths Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage Lake 7/12/1957 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 8/7/1958 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 7/20/1962 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 6/19/1964 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 6/4/1969 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 7/2/1970 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 6/16/1973 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 6/16/1973 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 6/16/1973 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 6/20/1974 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 6/20/1974 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 6/14/1975 Tstm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 6/14/1975 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 6/14/1975 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 3/12/1976 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 7/15/1976 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 7/28/1976 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 6/8/1977 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 7/9/1980 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 8/13/1980 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 4/4/1981 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 4/3/1982 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 7/17/1983 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 7/19/1983 Tstm Winds 55 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 8/5/1989 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 1 0 0 0 Lake 3/27/1991 Tstm Winds 56 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 6/15/1991 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 10/4/1991 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 6/17/1992 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 6/17/1992 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 6/17/1992 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 7/2/1992 Tstm Winds 67 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 7/2/1992 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 7/2/1992 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 2 0 0 Schererville 7/6/1994 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Whiting 6/7/1995 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 10K 0 Cedar Lake 6/26/1995 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 1K 0 Location or County Date Type Magnitude Deaths Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage Munster 6/27/1995 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 20K 0 Dyer 7/15/1995 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 10K 0 Lake 3/20/1996 High Wind 55 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 3/25/1996 High Wind 46 kts. 0 0 0 0 Schererville 4/19/1996 Tstm Wind/hail 175 kts. 0 0 10K 0 Lake 10/29/1996 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Gary 4/5/1997 Tstm Winds 55 kts. 0 0 0 0 Schererville 4/30/1997 Tstm Winds 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Leroy 7/18/1997 Tstm Winds 50 kts. 0 0 0 0 Crown Pt 8/16/1997 Tstm Winds 50 kts. 0 0 0 0 Gary 6/18/1998 Tstm Winds 50 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 8/24/1998 Tstm Winds 50 kts. 0 2 0 0 Lake 11/10/1998 High Wind 50 kts. 0 0 0 0 Gary Airport 7/21/1999 Tstm Winds 61 kts. 0 0 0 0 Hammond 5/8/2000 Tstm Winds 50 kts. 0 0 0 0 Hammond 8/6/2000 Tstm Winds 61 kts. 0 0 0 0 Gary 8/6/2000 Tstm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 Aetna 8/6/2000 Tstm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 Griffith 9/11/2000 Tstm Winds 58 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 2/25/2001 Strong Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 6/11/2001 Tstm Winds 50 kts. 0 0 0 0 Hammond 10/24/2001 Tstm Winds 50 kts. 0 0 25K 0 Lake 3/9/2002 High Wind 51 kts. 0 0 0 0 Gary 9/19/2002 Tstm Winds 50 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 10/4/2002 High Wind 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 5/11/2003 Strong Wind 48 kts. 0 0 6K 0 Gary 7/5/2003 Tstm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lowell 7/6/2003 Tstm Winds 50 kts. 0 0 0 0 Hammond 7/7/2003 Tstm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 Munster 7/7/2003 Tstm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 Hobart 7/17/2003 Tstm Winds 57 kts. 0 0 100K 0 Munster 7/17/2003 Tstm Winds 60 kts. 0 0 0 0 St John 7/17/2003 Tstm Winds 50 kts. 0 0 0 0 Cedar Lake 8/1/2003 Tstm Winds 61 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 11/13/2003 High Wind 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 Gary 3/1/2004 Tstm Winds 50 kts. 0 0 0 0 Crown Pt 3/1/2004 Tstm Winds 50 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 3/5/2004 High Wind 59 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lowell 5/30/2004 Tstm Winds 55 kts. 0 0 0 0 Hobart 7/3/2004 Tstm Winds 50 kts. 0 0 0 0 Griffith 7/3/2004 Tstm Winds 50 kts. 0 0 0 0 Gary 7/21/2004 Tstm Winds 65 kts. 0 0 0 0 Merrillville 7/21/2004 Tstm Winds 50 kts. 0 0 0 0 Crown Pt 6/4/2005 Tstm Winds 55 kts. 0 0 0 0 Schererville 6/4/2005 Tstm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 35K 0 Schererville 3/13/2006 Tstm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 Location or County Date Type Magnitude Deaths Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage Lake 3/31/2006 High Wind 58 kts. 0 0 0 0 Dyer 5/29/2006 Tstm Winds 61 kts. 0 0 15K 0 Munster 5/29/2006 Tstm Winds 55 kts. 0 0 8K 0 Schererville 5/29/2006 Tstm Winds 65 kts. 0 0 0 0 Lake 7/20/2006 Strong Wind 45 kts. 0 0 3.0M 0 Hammond 7/20/2006 Tstm Winds 50 kts. 0 0 0 0 Merrillville 7/20/2006 Tstm Winds 55 kts. 0 1 400K 0 Gary 7/30/2006 Tstm Winds 50 kts. 0 0 5K 0 Schererville 8/2/2006 Tstm Winds 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 Griffith 10/2/2006 Tstm Wind 55 kts. 0 0 5K 0K Calumet City 10/2/2006 Tstm Wind 60 kts. 0 0 10K 0K Schererville 10/2/2006 Tstm Wind 52 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Cedar Lake 5/15/2007 Tstm Wind 60 kts. 0 0 10K 0K Cedar Lake 5/15/2007 Tstm Wind 60 kts. 0 0 30K 0K Crown Pt 5/15/2007 Tstm Wind 50 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Hobart 5/15/2007 Tstm Wind 50 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Gary 5/15/2007 Tstm Wind 60 kts. 0 0 60K 0K New Chicago 5/15/2007 Tstm Wind 55 kts. 0 0 5K 0K Crown Pt 5/15/2007 Tstm Wind 60 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Cedar Lake 5/15/2007 Tstm Wind 50 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Griffith 6/18/2007 Tstm Wind 60 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Dyer 6/18/2007 Tstm Wind 50 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Crown Pt 6/18/2007 Tstm Wind 55 kts. 0 0 20K 0K St John 6/18/2007 Tstm Wind 50 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Merrillville 6/18/2007 Tstm Wind 60 kts. 0 0 200K 0K Schererville 6/18/2007 Tstm Wind 55 kts. 0 0 2K 0K Hobart 6/18/2007 Tstm Wind 55 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Lake Station 6/18/2007 Tstm Wind 60 kts. 0 1 10K 0K East Chicago 8/15/2007 Tstm Wind 85 kts. 0 0 1.0M 0K Gary Airport 8/15/2007 Tstm Wind 60 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Munster 8/23/2007 Tstm Wind 56 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Dyer 8/23/2007 Tstm Wind 50 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Hammond 8/23/2007 Tstm Wind 55 kts. 0 0 10K 0K Gary Airport 8/23/2007 Tstm Wind 50 kts. 0 0 1.0M 0K Lowell 8/23/2007 Tstm Wind 50 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Merrillville 8/23/2007 Tstm Wind 70 kts. 0 0 500K 0K Schererville 8/23/2007 Tstm Wind 52 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Gary 8/23/2007 Tstm Wind 52 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Hammond 9/25/2007 Tstm Wind 52 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Gary 9/25/2007 Tstm Wind 52 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Schererville 12/23/2007 Tstm Wind 52 kts. 0 0 5K 0K Lowell 6/5/2008 Heavy Rain N/A 0 0 0K 0K INZ001 10/26/2008 High Wind 53 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Whiting 6/8/2008 Tstm Wind 70 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Dinwiddie 6/21/2008 Tstm Wind 55 kts. 0 0 0K 0K St John 7/31/2008 Tstm Wind 65 kts. 0 0 5K 0K Location or County Date Type Magnitude Deaths Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage Gary 7/31/2008 Tstm Wind 61 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Hobart 7/31/2008 Tstm Wind 56 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Gary Airport 8/4/2008 Tstm Wind 59 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Munster 8/4/2008 Tstm Wind 61 kts. 0 0 10K 0K Griffith 8/4/2008 Tstm Wind 70 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Merrillville 8/4/2008 Tstm Wind 61 kts. 0 0 0K 0K Cole Airport 8/4/2008 Tstm Wind 70 kts. 0 0 35K 0K Griffith 8/4/2008 Tstm Wind 52 kts. 0 0 0K 0K * NCDC records are estimates of damage compiled by the National Weather Service from various local, state, and federal sources. However, these estimates are often preliminary in nature and may not match the final assessment of economic and property losses related to a given weather event. Geographic Location for Thunderstorm Hazard The entire county has the same risk for occurrence of thunderstorms. They can occur at any location within the county. Hazard Extent for Thunderstorm Hazard The extent of the historical thunderstorms varies in terms of the extent of the storm, the wind speed, and the size of hail stones. Thunderstorms can occur at any location within the county. Risk Identification for Thunderstorm Hazard Probability (X) Impact (=) Overall Risk Low Medium High Minimal Moderate Significant Low Elevated Severe Based on historical information, the probability of a thunderstorm is high. In Meeting #2, the planning team determined that the potential impact of a thunderstorm is moderate; therefore, the overall risk of a thunderstorm hazard for Lake County is severe. Vulnerability Analysis for Thunderstorm Hazard Severe thunderstorms are an equally distributed threat across the entire jurisdiction; therefore, the entire county’s population and all buildings are vulnerable to a severe thunderstorm and can expect the same impacts within the affected area. This plan will therefore consider all buildings located within the county as vulnerable. The existing buildings and infrastructure in Lake County are discussed in Table 5-5. Critical Facilities All critical facilities are vulnerable to severe thunderstorms. A critical facility will encounter many of the same impacts as any other building within the jurisdiction. These impacts include structural failure, damaging debris (trees or limbs), roofs blown off or windows broken by hail or high winds, fires caused by lightning, and loss of building functionality (e.g. a damaged police station will no longer be able to serve the community). Table 5-4 lists the types and numbers of all of the essential facilities in the area. Critical facility names and locations are included in Appendix E. Building Inventory A table of the building exposure in terms of types and numbers of buildings for the entire county is provided in Table 5-5. The buildings within the county can all expect the same impacts, similar to those discussed for critical facilities. These impacts include structural failure, damaging debris (trees or limbs), roofs blown off or windows broken by hail or high winds, fires caused by lightning, and loss of building functionality (e.g. a damaged home will no longer be habitable causing residents to seek shelter). Infrastructure During a severe thunderstorm, the types of infrastructure that could be impacted include roadways, utility lines/pipes, railroads, and bridges. Since the county’s entire infrastructure is equally vulnerable it is important to emphasize that any number of these items could become damaged during a severe thunderstorm. The impacts to these items include broken, failed, or impassable roadways; broken or failed utility lines (e.g. loss of power or gas to community); or railway failure from broken or impassable railways. Bridges could fail or become impassable causing risk to traffic. Potential Dollar Losses for Thunderstorm Hazard A HAZUS-MH analysis was not completed for thunderstorms because the widespread extent of such a hazard makes it difficult to accurately model outcomes. August 2007, Griffith; Source: WGN To determine dollar losses for a thunderstorm hazard, the available NCDC hazard information was condensed to include only thunderstorm hazards that occurred within the past ten years. Lake County’s MHMP team then reviewed the property damages reported to NCDC and made any applicable updates. It was determined that since 1998, Lake County has incurred $4.2 million in damages relating to thunderstorms, including hail, lightning, and high winds. The resulting information is listed in Table 5-62. Table 5-62: Lake County Property Damage (1998–2008) Location or County Date Type Property Damage Gary 06/18/98 Tstm Wind $0 Countywide 08/24/98 Tstm Wind $0 Lake 11/10/98 High Wind $0 1998 Subtotal $0 Munster 04/10/99 Hail $0 Gary Airport 07/21/99 Tstm Wind $0 Lowell 07/31/99 Hail $0 1999 Subtotal $0 Hammond 05/08/00 Tstm Wind $0 Lowell 05/18/00 Hail $0 Hammond 08/06/00 Tstm Wind $0 Gary 08/06/00 Tstm Wind $0 Aetna 08/06/00 Tstm Wind $0 Griffith 09/11/00 Tstm Wind $0 2000 Subtotal $0 Lake 02/25/01 Strong Wind $0 Countywide 06/11/01 Tstm Wind $0 Hammond 10/24/01 Tstm Wind $25,000 2001 Subtotal $25,000 Lake 03/09/02 High Wind $0 Crown Pt 06/25/02 Lightning $0 Gary 09/19/02 Tstm Wind $0 Lake 10/04/02 High Wind $0 2002 Subtotal $0 Hammond 05/09/03 Lightning $0 Lake 05/11/03 Strong Wind $6,000 Gary 07/05/03 Tstm Wind $0 Lowell 07/06/03 Tstm Wind $0 Hammond 07/07/03 Tstm Wind $0 Munster 07/07/03 Tstm Wind $0 Hobart 07/17/03 Hail $0 Munster 07/17/03 Hail $0 Cedar Lake 07/17/03 Hail $0 Lowell 07/17/03 Hail $0 Hobart 07/17/03 Tstm Wind $100,000 Munster 07/17/03 Tstm Wind $0 St John 07/17/03 Tstm Wind $0 Merrillville 08/01/03 Hail $0 Cedar Lake 08/01/03 Hail $0 Cedar Lake 08/01/03 Tstm Wind $0 Munster 08/03/03 Hail $0 Lake 11/13/03 High Wind $0 2003 Subtotal $106,000 Gary 03/01/04 Tstm Wind $0 Crown Pt 03/01/04 Tstm Wind $0 Location or County Date Type Property Damage Lake 03/05/04 High Wind $0 Hammond 05/07/04 Hail $0 Highland 05/23/04 Hail $0 Lowell 05/30/04 Tstm Wind $0 Hobart 07/03/04 Tstm Wind $0 Griffith 07/03/04 Tstm Wind $0 Gary 07/21/04 Tstm Wind $0 Merrillville 07/21/04 Tstm Wind $0 2004 Subtotal $0 Crown Pt 05/11/05 Lightning $0 Crown Pt 06/04/05 Hail $0 Crown Pt 06/04/05 Tstm Wind $0 Schererville 06/04/05 Tstm Wind $35,000 Whiting 06/09/05 Hail $0 2005 Subtotal $35,000 Schererville 03/13/06 Tstm Wind $0 Lake 03/31/06 High Wind $0 Munster 05/29/06 Lightning $0 Dyer 05/29/06 Tstm Wind $15,000 Munster 05/29/06 Tstm Wind $8,000 Schererville 05/29/06 Tstm Wind $0 Lowell 06/21/06 Hail $0 Shelby 06/26/06 Hail $0 Gary 07/20/06 Lightning $50,000 Lake 07/20/06 Strong Wind $3,000,000 Hammond 07/20/06 Tstm Wind $0 Merrillville 07/20/06 Tstm Wind $400,000 Gary 07/30/06 Tstm Wind $5,000 Schererville 08/02/06 Tstm Wind $0 Griffith 10/02/06 Hail $0 Griffith 10/02/06 Tstm Wind $5,000 Calumet City 10/02/06 Tstm Wind $10,000 Schererville 10/02/06 Tstm Wind $0 2006 Subtotal $3,493,000 Merrillville 05/15/07 Hail $0 Schererville 05/15/07 Lightning $20,000 Cedar Lake 05/15/07 Tstm Wind $10,000 Cedar Lake 05/15/07 Tstm Wind $30,000 Crown Pt 05/15/07 Tstm Wind $0 Hobart 05/15/07 Tstm Wind $0 Gary 05/15/07 Tstm Wind $60,000 New Chicago 05/15/07 Tstm Wind $5,000 Crown Pt 05/15/07 Tstm Wind $0 Cedar Lake 05/15/07 Tstm Wind $0 Gary 05/26/07 Lightning $0 Schererville 06/18/07 Hail $0 Lake Station 06/18/07 Lightning $5,000 Location or County Date Type Property Damage Griffith 06/18/07 Tstm Wind $0 Dyer 06/18/07 Tstm Wind $0 Crown Pt 06/18/07 Tstm Wind $20,000 St John 06/18/07 Tstm Wind $0 Merrillville 06/18/07 Tstm Wind $200,000 Schererville 06/18/07 Tstm Wind $2,000 Hobart 06/18/07 Tstm Wind $0 Lake Station 06/18/07 Tstm Wind $10,000 East Chicago 07/10/07 Hail $0 Winfield 08/09/07 Lightning $20,000 Highland 08/15/07 Hail $0 Griffith 08/15/07 Hail $0 Crown Pt 08/15/07 Hail $0 Hobart 08/15/07 Hail $0 Merrillville 08/15/07 Hail $0 Hobart 08/15/07 Hail $0 Merrillville 08/15/07 Hail $0 East Chicago 08/15/07 Tstm Wind $1,000,000 Gary Airport 08/15/07 Tstm Wind $0 Munster 08/23/07 Tstm Wind $0 Dyer 08/23/07 Tstm Wind $0 Hammond 08/23/07 Tstm Wind $10,000 Gary Airport 08/23/07 Tstm Wind 1.0M Lowell 08/23/07 Tstm Wind $0 Merrillville 08/23/07 Tstm Wind $500,000 Schererville 08/23/07 Tstm Wind $0 Gary 08/23/07 Tstm Wind $0 Hammond 09/25/07 Tstm Wind $0 Gary 09/25/07 Tstm Wind $0 Schererville 12/23/07 Tstm Wind $5,000 2007 Subtotal $505,000 Lowell 05/30/08 Hail $0 Griffith 06/04/08 Hail $0 Lowell 06/05/08 Heavy Rain $0 Whiting 06/08/08 Tstm Wind $0 Dinwiddie 06/21/08 Tstm Wind $0 Gary 06/22/08 Hail $0 St John 07/31/08 Tstm Wind $5,000 Gary 07/31/08 Tstm Wind $0 Hobart 07/31/08 Tstm Wind $0 Gary Airport 08/04/08 Tstm Wind $0 Munster 08/04/08 Tstm Wind $10,000 Griffith 08/04/08 Tstm Wind $0 Merrillville 08/04/08 Tstm Wind $0 Cole Airport 08/04/08 Tstm Wind $35,000 Griffith 08/04/08 Tstm Wind $0 Lake 10/26/08 High Wind $0 Location or County Date Type Property Damage 2008 Subtotal $50,000 Total Property Damage $4,214,000 The historical data is erratic and not wholly documented or confirmed. As a result, potential dollar losses for a future event cannot be precisely calculated; however, based on averages in the last decade, it can be determined that Lake County incurs annual risk of approximately $421,400 per year. Vulnerability to Future Assets/Infrastructure for Thunderstorm Hazard All future development within the county and all communities will remain vulnerable to these events. Analysis of Community Development Trends Preparing for severe storms will be enhanced if officials sponsor a wide range of programs and initiatives to address the overall safety of county residents. New structures need to be built with more sturdy construction, and those structures already in place need to be hardened to lessen the potential impacts of severe weather. Community warning sirens to provide warning of approaching storms are also vital to preventing the loss of property and ensuring the safety of Lake County residents. 5.3.5 WINTER STORM HAZARD Hazard Definition Severe winter weather consists of various forms of precipitation and strong weather conditions. This may include one or more of the following: freezing rain, sleet, heavy snow, blizzards, icy roadways, extreme low temperatures, and strong winds. These conditions can cause human health risks such as frostbite, hypothermia, and death. December 2008, Dyer; Source: Weather Underground Ice (glazing) and Sleet Storms Ice or sleet, even in the smallest quantities, can result in hazardous driving conditions and can be a significant cause of property damage. Sleet can be easily identified as frozen raindrops. Sleet does not stick to trees and wires. The most damaging winter storms in Indiana have been ice storms. Ice storms are the result of cold rain that freezes on contact with objects having a temperature below freezing. Ice storms occur when moisture-laden gulf air converges with the northern jet stream causing strong winds and heavy precipitation. This precipitation takes the form of freezing rain coating power lines, communication lines, and trees with heavy ice. The winds will then cause the overburdened limbs and cables to snap; leaving large sectors of the population without power, heat, or communication. Falling trees and limbs can also cause building damage during an ice storm. In the past few decades numerous ice storm events have occurred in Indiana. Snowstorms Significant snowstorms are characterized by the rapid accumulation of snow, often accompanied by high winds, cold temperatures, and low visibility. A blizzard is categorized as a snowstorm with winds of 35 miles per hour or greater and/or visibility of less than one-quarter mile for three or more hours. The strong winds during a blizzard blow about falling and already existing snow, creating poor visibility and impassable roadways. Blizzards have the potential to result in property damage. Indiana has repeatedly been struck by blizzards. Blizzard conditions cannot only cause power outages and loss of communication, but also make transportation difficult. The blowing of snow can reduce visibility to less than one-quarter mile, and the resulting disorientation makes even travel by foot dangerous if not deadly. Severe Cold Severe cold is characterized by the ambient air temperature dropping to around 0°F or below. These extreme temperatures can increase the likelihood of frostbite and hypothermia. High winds during severe cold events can enhance the air temperature’s effects. Fast winds during cold weather events can lower the wind chill factor (how cold the air feels on your skin). As a result, the time it takes for frostbite and hypothermia to affect a person’s body will decrease. White-out conditions, January 2005, Hammond; Source: Weather Underground Previous Occurrences for Winter Storm Hazard The NCDC database identified 37 winter storm and extreme cold events for Lake County since 1950. For example, in 2008, heavy snow developed during the evening hours of February 25 and continued into the early afternoon hours of February 26. Storm total snowfall amounts included 7.8 inches Valparaiso, 6.8 inches in Merrillville, 6.2 inches in Goodland, 6.1 inches in Portage, 6.0 inches in Remington, 6.0 inches in Earl Park, and 5.8 inches in Rensselaer. The NCDC winter storms are listed in Table 5-63. Additional details for NCDC events are included in Appendix C. Table 5-63: Winter Storm Events* Location or County Date Type Magnitude Deaths Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage Lake 3/4/1993 Heavy Snow N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 3/13/1993 Heavy Snow N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 1/14/1994 Extreme Cold N/A 3 0 5.0M 0 Lake 2/25/1994 Heavy Snow N/A 0 0 0 0 Location or County Date Type Magnitude Deaths Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage Lake 4/10/1995 Ice Storm N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 12/27/1995 Heavy Snow N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 2/2/1996 Extreme Cold N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 1/9/1997 Winter Storm N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 1/15/1997 Winter Storm N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 12/9/1997 Heavy Snow N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 3/9/1998 Heavy Snow N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 1/1/1999 Heavy Snow N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 3/8/1999 Heavy Snow N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 1/25/2000 Heavy Snow N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 2/18/2000 Heavy Snow N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 12/11/2000 Blizzard N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 1/31/2002 Winter Storm N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 2/26/2002 Winter Storm N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 3/2/2002 Winter Storm N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 12/24/2002 Winter Storm N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 1/23/2003 Extreme Cold N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 3/4/2003 Winter Storm N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 1/4/2004 Heavy Snow N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 1/29/2004 Extreme Cold N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 5/3/2004 Frost/freeze N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 1/4/2005 Heavy Snow N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 1/21/2005 Heavy Snow N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 12/8/2005 Winter Storm N/A 0 0 0 0 Lake 2/13/2007 Blizzard N/A 0 0 0K 0K Lake 2/25/2007 Winter Storm N/A 0 0 0K 0K Lake 12/1/2007 Ice Storm N/A 0 0 0K 0K Lake 12/15/2007 Heavy Snow N/A 0 0 0K 0K Lake 12/31/2007 Heavy Snow N/A 0 0 0K 0K Lake 1/29/2008 Winter Storm N/A 0 0 0K 0K Lake 1/31/2008 Winter Storm N/A 0 0 0K 0K Lake 2/1/2008 Winter Storm N/A 0 0 0K 0K Lake 2/25/2008 Winter Storm N/A 0 0 0K 0K * NCDC records are estimates of damage compiled by the National Weather Service from various local, state, and federal sources. However, these estimates are often preliminary in nature and may not match the final assessment of economic and property losses related to a given weather event. Geographic Location for Winter Storm Hazard Severe winter storms are regional in nature. Most of the NCDC data is calculated regionally or in some cases statewide. Hazard Extent for Winter Storm Hazard The extent of the historical winter storms varies in terms of storm location, temperature, and ice or snowfall. A severe winter storm can occur anywhere in the jurisdiction. Probability (X) Impact (=) Overall Risk Low Medium High Minimal Moderate Significant Low Elevated Severe Risk Identification for Winter Storm Hazard Based on historical information, the probability of a winter storm is high. In Meeting #2, the planning team determined that the potential impact of a winter storm is significant; therefore, the overall risk of a winter storm hazard for Lake County is severe. Vulnerability Analysis for Winter Storm Hazard Winter storm impacts are equally distributed across the entire jurisdiction; therefore, the entire county is vulnerable to a winter storm and can expect the same impacts within the affected area. The building exposure for Lake County, as determined from the building inventory, is included in Table 5-5. Critical Facilities All critical facilities are vulnerable to a winter storm. A critical facility will encounter many of the same impacts as other buildings within the jurisdiction. These impacts include loss of gas or electricity from broken or damaged utility lines, damaged or impassable roads and railways, broken water pipes, and roof collapse from heavy snow. Table 5-4 lists the types and numbers of the essential facilities in the area. Critical facility names and locations are included in Appendix E. Building Inventory A table of the building exposure in terms of types and numbers of buildings for the entire county is listed in Table 5-5. The impacts to the general buildings within the county are similar to the damages expected to the critical facilities. These include loss of gas or electricity from broken or damaged utility lines, damaged or impassable roads and railways, broken water pipes, and roof collapse from heavy snow. Infrastructure During a winter storm, the types of infrastructure that could be impacted include roadways, utility lines/pipes, railroads, and bridges. Since the county’s entire infrastructure is equally vulnerable it is important to emphasize that any number of these items could become damaged Lake CountyMulti-Hazard Mitigation PlanAdopted:October2010 during a winter storm. Potentialimpacts include broken gas and/or electricity lines or damaged utility lines, damaged or impassable roads and railways, and broken waterpipes. PotentialDollar Losses forWinter Storm Hazard A HAZUS-MH analysis was not completed for winter storms because the widespread extent ofsuch a hazard makes it difficult to accurately model outcomes. To determine dollar losses for a winter storm hazard, theavailable NCDC hazard information was condensed to include only winter storm hazards that occurred within the past tenyears. LakeCounty’s MHMP teamthen reviewed the property damages reported to NCDC and madeanyapplicable updates. It was determined that since 1998, Lake County has incurred $0 in damages relating to winterstorms, including sleet/ice and heavy snow. The resulting informationis listed in Table 5-64. Table5-64:Lake CountyPropertyDamage (1998–2008) Location or CountyDateTypeProperty DamageLake03/09/98Heavy Snow$01998 Subtotal$0Lake01/01/99Heavy Snow$0Lake03/08/99Heavy Snow$01999 Subtotal$0Lake01/25/00Heavy Snow$0Lake02/18/00Heavy Snow$0Lake12/11/00Blizzard$02000 Subtotal$0Lake01/31/02Winter Storm$0Lake02/26/02Winter Storm$0Lake03/02/02Winter Storm$0Lake12/24/02Winter Storm$02002 Subtotal$0Lake01/23/03Extreme Cold/wind Chill$0Lake03/04/03Winter Storm$02003 Subtotal$0Lake01/04/04Heavy Snow$0Lake01/29/04Extreme Cold/wind Chill$0Lake05/03/04Frost/freeze$02004 Subtotal$0Lake01/04/05Heavy Snow$0Lake01/21/05Heavy Snow$0Lake12/08/05Winter Storm$02005 Subtotal$0Lake02/13/07Blizzard$0Lake02/25/07Winter Storm$0Lake12/01/07Ice Storm$0Lake12/15/07Heavy Snow$0 Page 128of303 Location or County Date Type Property Damage Lake 12/31/07 Heavy Snow $0 2007 Subtotal $0 Lake 01/29/08 Winter Storm $0 Lake 01/31/08 Winter Storm $0 Lake 02/01/08 Winter Storm $0 Lake 02/25/08 Winter Storm $0 Lake 11/18/08 Lake-effect Snow $0 Lake 12/18/08 Winter Storm $0 Lake 12/21/08 Extreme Cold/wind Chill $0 2008 Subtotal $0 Lake 01/14/09 Winter Storm $0 Lake 01/15/09 Extreme Cold/wind Chill $0 Lake 01/20/09 Lake-effect Snow $0 2009 Subtotal $0 Total Property Damage $0 The historical data is erratic and not wholly documented or confirmed. As a result, potential dollar losses for a future event cannot be precisely calculated; however, based on averages in the last decade, it can be determined that Lake County has no annual monetary risk for winter weather. Vulnerability to Future Assets/Infrastructure for Winter Storm Hazard Any new development within the county will remain vulnerable to these events. Analysis of Community Development Trends Because the winter storm events are regional in nature future development will be equally impacted across the county. 5.3.7 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RELEASE HAZARD Hazard Definition The state of Indiana has numerous active transportation lines that run through many of its counties. Active railways transport harmful and volatile substances between our borders every day. The transportation of chemicals and substances along interstate routes is commonplace in Indiana. The rural areas of Indiana have considerable agricultural commerce creating a demand for fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides to be transported along rural roads. Finally, Indiana is bordered by two major rivers and Lake Michigan. Barges transport chemicals and substances along these waterways daily. These factors increase the chance of hazardous material releases and spills throughout the state of Indiana. Lake CountyMulti-Hazard Mitigation PlanAdopted:October2010 The release or spill of certain substances can cause an explosion. Explosions result from theignition of volatile products such as petroleum products, natural and other flammable gases, hazardous materials/chemicals, dust, and bombs. An explosion canpotentially cause death, injury, and property damage. In addition, afire routinely follows an explosion which may cause furtherdamage and inhibit emergency response. Emergency responsemay require fire, safety/law enforcement, search and rescue, and hazardous materials units. PreviousOccurrences for Hazardous MaterialsReleaseHazard Trail derailment, June 2003, St. John;Source: www.monon.monon.org Lake County has not experienced significantly large-scale hazardous materialincidentsresultingin multiple deaths or serious injuries, although there have been many minor releases that haveput local firefighters, hazardousmaterials teams, emergency management, and local lawenforcement into action to try to stabilize these incidents and preventor lessen harm to LakeCounty residents. Table 5-65liststhe county’s historical hazmat incidents. Table5-65:Lake CountyHazardous Materials Releases (1987–2003) YearLocationDescriptionFixed-Site Releases1987GaryA hydrochloric acid spill occurred, triggering an evacuation of 2,500 residents. The residents werenot allowed to return to theirhomes for nine hours. Many problems arose as a result of the evacuation including emergency transportation, emergency medical treatment, emergency shelterlocations, emergency communications, emergency broadcasting procedures, mass feedings, security, news media, hazmat transportation, weather conditions, and on-site investigations. 2000Hammond/ East ChicagoA hazardous materials release of a mixture of substances at the Rhodia Chemical Companyresulted in fire and heat damage to the facility. The firerequired an evacuation of 2,000 residentsfrom the community of East Chicago. 2003WhitingAn electrical problem caused an explosion and fire at the BP-Amoco facility in Whiting. Over135 people required decontamination as a result of the incident. The hazard was exacerbated by the fact that the industrial site was located immediately adjacent to a residential area. Transportation-Related Releases2002Lake StationA fuel truck rollover on the Indiana Toll Road at Lake Station resulted in the release of 1,000 gallons of dieselfuel onto the road. 2002Cedar Lake1,500 gallons of ammonia was released when a snowmobile hit a storage truck. The driver of the snowmobile waskilled on impact. 2003St. JohnA 3-4 car train derailed while traveling westbounddue to concrete on the tracks from a nearbyconstruction project resulting in a diesel spill into a ditch that flows into Shilling’s Ditch. Source: Lake County Hazard Analysis (2003) Geographic Location for HazardousMaterialsReleaseHazard The hazardous material hazards are countywide and are primarily associated with the transport ofmaterials via highway, railroad, and/or river barge. Hazard Extent forHazardous MaterialsReleaseHazard Theextent of the hazardous material hazard varies both interms of the quantity of material beingtransported as well as the specific content of thecontainer. Page 130of303 Lake CountyMulti-Hazard Mitigation PlanAdopted:October2010 Risk Identificationfor Hazardous Materials Release Based on historical information, the probability ofa hazmat hazard is high. In Meeting #2, theplanning team determined that the potentialimpact of a hazmat release is significant; therefore, the overall risk of a hazmat hazard forLake County is severe. VulnerabilityAnalysis for Hazardous Probability (X) Impact (=) OverallRisk LowMediumHighMinimalModerateSignifcantLowElevatedSevere MaterialsReleaseHazard Hazardous materialimpacts are an equally distributed threat across the entire jurisdiction; therefore, the entire county is vulnerable to a hazardous material release and can expect the sameimpacts within the affected area. The main concern during a releaseor spill isthe populationaffected. The building exposure for Lake County, as determined from building inventory, isincluded in Table 5-5. This plan will therefore consider all buildingslocated within the county asvulnerable. Critical Facilities All critical facilities and communities within the county are at risk. A critical facility willencounter many of the same impacts as any other building within the jurisdiction.These impactsinclude structural failure due to fire orexplosion and loss offunction of thefacility (e.g. adamaged police station will no longer be able to serve thecommunity).Table 5-4lists the types and numbers of all essential facilities in the area. Critical facility names and locations are included in Appendix E. Building Inventory A table of the building exposurein terms of types and numbers of buildings for the entire county is listed inTable 5-5. The buildingswithin the county can all expectthesame impacts, similartothose discussed for critical facilities.These impacts includestructural failure dueto fire orexplosion or debrisand loss of function of the building (e.g. a damaged home will no longer behabitable causing residentsto seek shelter). Infrastructure During a hazardous materialrelease thetypes of infrastructure that could beimpactedincluderoadways, utility lines/pipes, railroads, and bridges. Since an extensive inventory of theinfrastructure is not availableto this plan it isimportant to emphasize that any number of theseitems could become damaged in the event of a hazardousmaterial release. The impacts to theseitems include broken, failed, or impassableroadways; broken or failed utility lines(e.g. loss of Page 131of303 power or gas to community); and railway failure from broken or impassable railways. Bridges could fail or become impassable causing risk to traffic. In terms of numbers and types of buildings and infrastructure, typical scenarios are described to gauge the anticipated impacts of hazardous material release events in the county. HAZUS-MH Hazardous Materials Release Analysis The Polis Center conducted two HAZUS-MH analyses for hazardous materials releases: one in East Chicago; the other in Gary/Hammond. East Chicago Analysis The U.S. EPA’s ALOHA (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) model was utilized to assess the area of impact for a chlorine release along the EJE rail line between Aldis Avenue and Cline Avenue on the north side of East Chicago. There were two 33,500 gallon railcars involved in the release for a total of 67,000 gallons of chlorine. Chlorine is a greenish yellow gas with a pungent suffocating odor. The gas liquefies at -35°C and room pressure or will liquefy from pressure applied at room temperature. Contact with unconfined liquid chlorine can cause frostbite from evaporative cooling. Chlorine does not burn, but, like oxygen, supports combustion. The toxic gas can have adverse health effects from either long-term inhalation of low concentrations of vapors or short-term inhalation of high concentrations. Chlorine vapors are much heavier than air and tend to settle in low areas. Chlorine is commonly used to purify water, bleach wood pulp, and make other chemicals. Source: CAMEO ALOHA is a computer program designed especially for use by people responding to chemical accidents, as well as for emergency planning and training. Chlorine is a common chemical used in industrial operations and can be found in either liquid or gas form. Rail and truck tankers commonly haul chlorine to and from facilities. For this scenario, moderate atmospheric and climatic conditions with a slight breeze from the west were assumed. The target area was chosen due to its proximity to residential and commercial interests in the community. The geographic area covered in this analysis is depicted in Figure 5-55. Figure 5-55: Location of Chemical Release The ALOHA atmospheric modeling parameters were based upon a north-northeast wind speed of five miles per hour. The temperature was 68°F with 75% humidity and partly cloudy skies. The source of the chemical spill is a horizontal, cylindrical-shaped tank. The diameter of the tank was set to 14.7 feet and the length set to 53 feet (67,000 gallons). Values modeled in ALOHA represent the combined total of two rail cars each containing 33,500 gallons of chlorine. At the time of its release, it was estimated that the tanks were 85% full. The chlorine in these tanks is in its liquid state. This release was based on a leak from a 5-inch-diameter hole, 12 inches above the bottom of the tank. Figure 5-56: ALOHA Plume Modeling Parameters Using the settings above, approximately 658,559 pounds of material would be released (42,100 pounds per minute). The images in Figures 5-57 and 5-58 depict the plume footprint generated by ALOHA. As the substance moves away from the source, the level of substance concentration decreases. Each color-coded area depicts a level of concentration measured in parts per million. Figure 5-57: Plume Footprint Generated by ALOHA Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) are intended to describe the health effects on humans due to once-in-a-lifetime or rare exposure to airborne chemicals. The National Advisory Committee for AEGLs is developing these guidelines to help both national and local authorities, as well as private companies, deal with emergencies involving spills or other catastrophic exposures. • AEGL 1: Above this airborne concentration of a substance, it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure. • AEGL 2: Above this airborne concentration of a substance, it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape. • AEGL 3: Above this airborne concentration of a substance, it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death. Figure 5-58: ALOHA Plume Footprint Overlaid in ArcGIS The Lake building inventory point layer was added to ArcMap and overlaid with the plume footprint. The building inventory point layer was then intersected with each of the four footprint areas to classify each building inventory point based upon the plume footprint in which it is located. By summing the building inventory points within all AEGL zones (AEGL 1 >= 20 ppm, AEGL 2 >= 2 ppm and AEGL 3 >= 0.5 ppm), the GIS overlay analysis predicts that as many as 25,945 buildings could be exposed at a replacement cost of $2.3 billion. If this event were to occur, approximately 58,680 people would be affected. The results of the analysis against the building inventory points are depicted in Tables 5-66 through 5-69. Table 5-66 summarizes the results of the chemical spill within all AEGL zones (>= 20 ppm, >= 2 ppm and >= 0.5 ppm). Tables 5-67 through 5-69 provide analysis within each AEGL zone. Lake CountyMulti-Hazard Mitigation PlanAdopted:October2010 Table5-66:EstimatedExposure (AllAEGL) OccupancyPopulationBuilding CountsExposure (thousands) Residential58,68023,472$1,370,235Commercial01,542$256,613Industrial0369$260,922Agriculture00$0Religious0378$134,411Government0152$84,829Education032$165,315Total58,68025,945$2,272,324 Table5-66:EstimatedExposure (AEGL3 >=20ppm) OccupancyPopulationBuilding CountsExposure (thousands) Residential36,94514,778$636,773Commercial01,016$146,401Industrial0247$198,252Agriculture00$0Religious0268$64,766Government0113$67,658Education021$82,768Total36,94516,443$1,196,618 Table5-68:EstimatedExposure (AEGL2 >=2ppm) OccupancyPopulationBuilding CountsExposure (thousands) Residential16,7286,691$504,638Commercial0389$81,239Industrial072$37,079Agriculture00$0Religious069$53,376Government025$12,598Education06$37,719Total16,7287,252$726,648 Table5-69:EstimatedExposure (AEGL1 >=0.5ppm) OccupancyPopulationBuilding CountsExposure (thousands) Residential5,0082,003$228,824Commercial0137$28,973Industrial050$25,591Agriculture00$0Religious041$16,269Government014$4,573Education05$44,828Total5,0082,250$349,058 Page 137of303 There are 164 critical facilities within the limits of the chemical spill plume. Most are located within the confines of the AEGL 3 >= 20 ppm concentration level. The affected facilities are identified in Table 5-70. Their geographic locations are depicted in Figure 5-59. Table 5-70: Critical Facilities within Plume Footprint Exposed Critical Facilities Bus Facilities Progressive Transportation Svc East Chicago Bus Transit Care Facilities St Catherine Hospital Inc Columbia Medical Center Concentra Medical Center Medical Clinics Of America South Side Medical Clinic Community Health Center Ophelia Steen Family And Health Lake County Nursing & Rehabilitation Center Communication Facilities WJOB, Hammond NEW, Hammond East Chicago 911, 2301 E Columbus Dr. T-Mobile, 4720 Railroad Cell Tower, 1110 E Chicago Ave Cell Tower, 5303 Indianapolis Blvd Cell Tower, 5318 Indianapolis Blvd T_Mobile, 3625 Pulaski NIPSCO, 2301-07 Michigan Ave Cell Tower, 418 E Chicago Cell Tower, 4321 Fir Street Fire Station, 149th And Kennedy Unknown, 169th & Parrish City Hall, 5811 Calumet Ave Sanitary District, 5143 Columbia Ave Rhodia, 2000 E Michigan Bradley Pumpkin Store, 8000 Kennedy Emergency Operation Centers Hammond Civil Defense East Chicago Public Safety Fire Departments Hammond Fire Dept East Chicago Fire Dept Station 3 East Chicago Fire Dept Station 4 Hammond Fire Station #7 Hammond Fire Station #6 Hammond Fire Station #8 Hazardous Materials Sites Amg Resources Corp. Silgan Containers Corp. Citgo Petroleum Corp. Du Pont East Chicago Plant Union Tank Car Co. Plant 1 National Briquette Corp. National Processing Co. Exposed Critical Facilities National Refractories, & Minerals Corp. Pollution Control Inds. Inc. Phillips Petroleum Co. East Chicago Term Dietrich Ind. Inc. Davies Imperial Coatings Inc. Jupiter Aluminum Corp. Equilon East Chicago Terminal Rhodia Inc. Aga Gas Inc. Hammond Lead Prods. Halox Hammond Expan "Hammond Group Inc., Halstab Div." Harbison Walker Refractories - Hammond P Lasalle Steel Co. Great Lakes Metals Llc. Hammond LLC Wolverine 165th Street Complex Ameritech Cintas #319 D & D Industries First Transit Inc Gas City Pantry Hammond Operating Headquarters Huhtamaki Food Service Inc IHB Gibson Yard Illco Illiana Transit Warehouse Lear Corporation Patten Industries Purdue University Calumet Resco Products Inc SBC Speedway #8335 Speedway #8332 United Parcel Service Linde Gas, LLC Military Facilities National Guard Armory Police Departments East Chicago Police Dept Lake County Sheriff Hammond Police Dept Port Facilities Mobil Oil Corp., Calumet River Branch So CITGO Petroleum Corp. East Chicago Dock. Schools Grissom Elementary School Eugene Field Elementary School Benjamin Franklin Elementary School Carrie Gosch Elementary School Benjamin Harrison Elementary School Abraham Lincoln Elementary School Exposed Critical Facilities William Mckinley Elementary School George Washington Elementary School Joseph L Block Jr High School Donald E Gavit Middle/High School Hammond High School Morton Senior High School Area Career Center Charles N Scott Middle School Lee L Caldwell Elementary School Columbia Elementary School Thomas A Edison Elementary School Warren G Harding Elementary School Thomas Jefferson Elementary School Kenwood Elementary School Maywood Elementary School Morton Elementary School Orchard Drive Elementary School Lew Wallace Elementary School Frank O'Bannon Elementary School Judith Morton Johnston Elementary St Stanislaus School Indiana Harbor Catholic School Saint Catherine Of Siena School Saint John Bosco School Bishop Noll Institute Henry W Eggers Elementary/Middle School Intergenerational Center Purdue University Calumet Sawyer College Hammond Head Start Pied Piper Preschool Woodland Childcare Indiana College Of Commerce Gibson Nature Center Purdue Entrepreneurial Center The Shepherd's Academy City Baptists School Potable Water Facilities Cline Ave (Peoples Water) East Chicago Booster JR Bradley Pump Station Kennedy Ave Storage Water Department Water Tower Rail Facilities Arro Packaging Co: East Chicago MDT Transloading Services: Hammond Citgo Petroleum Corp: East Chicago Southshore Train Station (HMD) User Defined Facilities Main Library Exposed Critical Facilities East Chicago Public Library Bessie Owens Community Recreation Center Heritage Hall Martin Luther King Center Penn Center Roberto Clemente Center Roxana Center 151st St Center City Hall Central Services Post Office Post Office City Court Senior Citizens Building Hunter Senior Citizen Building Hammond Animal Control Hammond City Offices Hammond Health Dept Hammond Recycling Dept Hammond Sanitation Gargage Hammond Civic Center E.B. Hayward Library Howard Library Jean Shepherd Community Center Wastewater Facilities East Chicago Sanitary District Hammond Sanitary District WWTP Figure 5-59: Essential Facilities within Plume Footprint Gary/Hammond Analysis The U.S. EPA’s ALOHA (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) model was utilized to assess the area of impact for an anhydrous ammonia release at the intersection of I-80/94 and Cline Avenue. The location is located on the boundary of the communities of Hammond and Gary. Anhydrous ammonia is a clear colorless gas with a strong odor. Contact with the unconfined liquid can cause frostbite. Though the gas is generally regarded as nonflammable, it can burn within certain vapor concentration limits with strong ignition. The fire hazard increases in the presence of oil or other combustible materials. Vapors from an anhydrous ammonia leak initially hug the ground, and prolonged exposure of containers to fire or heat may cause violent rupturing and rocketing. Long-term inhalation of low concentrations of the vapors or short-term inhalation of high concentrations has adverse health effects. Anhydrous ammonia is generally used as a fertilizer, a refrigerant, and in the manufacture of other chemicals. Source: CAMEO Anhydrous ammonia is a common chemical used in industrial operations and can be found in either liquid or gas form. Rail and truck tankers commonly haul anhydrous ammonia to and from facilities. For this scenario, moderate atmospheric and climatic conditions with a slight breeze from the west were assumed. The target area was chosen due to its proximity to residential and commercial interests in the area. The geographic area covered in this analysis is depicted in Figure 5-60. Figure 5-60: Location of Chemical Release The ALOHA atmospheric modeling parameters were based upon a westerly wind speed of five miles per hour. The temperature was 68°F with 75% humidity and partly cloudy skies. The source of the chemical spill is a horizontal, cylindrical-shaped tank. The diameter of the tank was set to 6.08 feet and the length set to 53 feet (11,500 gallons). At the time of its release, it was estimated that the tank was 85% full. The anhydrous ammonia in this tank is in its liquid state. This release was based on a leak from a 2.5-inch-diameter hole, 12 inches above the bottom of the tank. Figure 5-61: ALOHA Plume Modeling Parameters Using the settings above, approximately 45,152 pounds of material would be released (7,730 pounds per minute). The images in Figures 5-62 and 5-63 depict the plume footprint generated by ALOHA. As the substance moves away from the source, the level of substance concentration decreases. Each color-coded area depicts a level of concentration measured in parts per million. Figure 5-62: Plume Footprint Generated by ALOHA The red buffer (AEGL 3 >= 1100 ppm) extends no more than one mile from the point of release after one hour. The orange buffer (AEGL 2 >= 160 ppm) extends no more than three miles from the point of release after one hour. The yellow buffer (AEGL 1 >= 30 ppm) extends more than six miles from the point of release after one hour. The dashed lines depict the level of confidence within the confines of the entire plume footprint. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) are intended to describe the health effects on humans due to once-in-a-lifetime or rare exposure to airborne chemicals. The National Advisory Committee for AEGLs is developing these guidelines to help both national and local authorities, as well as private companies, deal with emergencies involving spills or other catastrophic exposures. • AEGL 1: Above this airborne concentration of a substance, it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure. • AEGL 2: Above this airborne concentration of a substance, it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape. • AEGL 3: Above this airborne concentration of a substance, it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death. Figure 5-63: ALOHA Plume Footprint Overlaid in ArcGIS The Lake building inventory point layer was added to ArcMap and overlaid with the plume footprint. The building inventory point layer was then intersected with each of the four footprint areas to classify each building inventory point based upon the plume footprint in which it is located. Figure 5-64 depicts the Lake building inventory points after the “intersect” process. Figure 5-64: Lake County building inventory Points Classified By Plume Footprint By summing the building inventory points within all AEGL zones (AEGL 3 >= 1100 ppm, AEGL 2 >= 160 ppm and AEGL 1 >= 30 ppm), the GIS overlay analysis predicts that as many as 5,615 buildings could be exposed at a replacement cost of $690 million. If this event were to occur, approximately 12,310 people would be affected. The results of the analysis against the building inventory points are depicted in Tables 5-71 through 5-74. Table 5-71 summarizes the results of the chemical spill within all AEGL zones (AEGL 3 >= 1100 ppm, AEGL 2 >= 160 ppm, and AEGL 1 >= 30 ppm). Tables 5-72 through 5- 74 provide analysis within each AEGL zone. Table 5-71: Estimated Exposure (All AEGL) Occupancy Population Building Counts Exposure (thousands) Residential 12,310 4,924 $443,220 Commercial 0 259 $60,781 Industrial 0 9 $15,356 Agriculture 0 0 $0 Religious 0 313 $51,961 Government 0 102 $21,447 Education 0 8 $98,075 Total 12,310 5,615 $690,841 Table 5-72: Estimated Exposure (AEGL 3 >= 1100 ppm) Occupancy Population Building Counts Exposure (thousands) Residential 738 295 $23,035 Commercial 0 19 $4,358 Industrial 0 1 $37 Agriculture 0 0 $0 Religious 0 16 $6,462 Government 0 1 $263 Education 0 1 $3,802 Total 738 333 $37,957 Table 5-73: Estimated Exposure (AEGL 2 >= 160 ppm) Occupancy Population Building Counts Exposure (thousands) Residential 2,645 1,058 $100,999 Commercial 0 52 $15,586 Industrial 0 2 $896 Agriculture 0 0 $0 Religious 0 73 $11,508 Government 0 34 $3,380 Education 0 0 $0 Total 2,645 1,219 $132,368 Table 5-74: Estimated Exposure (AEGL 1 >= 30 ppm) Occupancy Population Building Counts Exposure (thousands) Residential 8,928 3,571 $319,187 Commercial 0 188 $40,837 Industrial 0 6 $14,424 Agriculture 0 0 $0 Religious 0 224 $33,991 Government 0 67 $17,804 Education 0 7 $94,273 Total 8,928 4,063 $520,516 There are 13 critical facilities within the limits of the chemical spill plume. Most are located within the confines of the AEGL 1 >= 30 ppm concentration level. The affected facilities are identified in Table 5-75. Their geographic locations are depicted in Figure 5-65. Table 5-75: Critical Facilities within Plume Footprint Exposed Critical Facilities Care Facilities Gary 21ST Avenue Gary Black Oak Timberview Health Care Center Communication Facilities WLTH Radio Tower Potable Water Facilities 28th & Madison (storage) 27th & Washington (storage) Schools Grissom Elementary School Theodore Roosevelt High School Benjamin Banneker Elementary School George Washington Carver School McCullough Academy Alain L Locke Elementary School Gary Lighthouse Charter School Figure 5-65: Essential Facilities within Plume Footprint Vulnerability to Future Assets/Infrastructure for Hazardous Materials Release Any new development within the county will be vulnerable to these events, especially development along major roadways. Analysis of Community Development Trends Because the hazardous material hazard events may occur anywhere within the county, future development will be impacted. The major transportation routes and the industries located in Lake County pose a threat of dangerous chemicals and hazardous materials release. 5.3.8 FIRE HAZARD Hazard Definition This plan will identify four major categories of fires within the county: tire/scrap fires, structural fires, wildfires, and arson. Tire Fires The state of Indiana generates thousands of scrap tires annually. Many of those scrap tires end up in approved storage sites that are carefully regulated and controlled by federal and state officials. However, scrap tires are sometimes intentionally dumped in unapproved locations throughout the state. Lake County has a number of approved locations for tire disposal and storage, but the number of unapproved locations cannot be readily determined. These illegal sites are owned by private residents who have been continually dumping waste and refuse, including scrap tires, at those locations for many years. Tire disposal sites can be fire hazards, in large part, because of the enormous number of scrap tires typically present at one site. This large amount of fuel renders standard firefighting practices nearly useless. Flowing and burning oil released by the scrap tires can spread the fire to adjacent areas. Tire fires differ from conventional fires in the following ways: • Relatively small tire fires can require significant fire resources to control and extinguish. • Those resources often cost much more than Lake County government can absorb compared to standard fire responses. • There may be significant environmental consequences of a major tire fire. Extreme heat can convert a standard vehicle tire into approximately two gallons of oily residue that may leak into the soil or migrate to streams and waterways. Structural Fires Lightning strikes, poor building construction, and building condition are the main causes for most structural fires in Indiana. Lake County has a few structural fires each year countywide. Wildfires Fire at vacant building, September 2004, East Chicago; Source: NWI Times Approximately 35% to 55% of Indiana’s land base is heavily wooded or forested. When hot and dry conditions develop, forests may become vulnerable to devastating wildfires. In the past few decades an increased commercial and residential development near forested areas has dramatically changed the nature and scope of the wildfire hazard. In addition, the increase in structures resulting from new development strains the effectiveness of the fire service personnel in the county. Arson It is important to note that arson is a contributing factor to fire- related incidents within the county. According to the United States Fire Administration, approximately 22% of the total fires reported in the nation from 2001 to 2002 were of incendiary or suspicious nature. Previous Occurrences There was one significant tire fire in Lake County in 1995. The fire broke out in the urban area of East Chicago, forcing the evacuation of many residents and businesses. It burned for three months and was extremely costly to the county in terms of resources. In Lake County, there have not been many structural fires with significant numbers of deaths or injuries; however there have been a number of more minor occurrences, depicted in Table 5-76. Table 5-76: Lake County Historical Structural Fires Year Location Description 1993 Gary A series of fires involving auto fluff piles broke out at H&H Recycling on Cline Avenue. Nearby schools and residences were evacuated. 1998 Gary A major fire involving an entire block caused the temporary closure of a number of businesses. Five buildings were impacted by this fire. 2001 Gary A fire forced the evacuation of 150 elderly residents from Gary senior citizen housing. 2003 Hammond An apartment fire resulted in the evacuation and displacement of apartment residents. Source: Lake County Hazard Analysis Records of structural fires in the state of Indiana between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2007 were obtained from the Fire Service Safety and Risk Management department of the Indiana Department of Homeland Security. Figure 5-66 A and B illustrates the numbers of annual structural fires and the associated property loss respectively, categorized by property type. Figure 5-66: 2007 Indiana Structural Fires According to the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, there have been 167 wildfires in Lake County in the past decade. In the summer of 2000, the Lake Ridge Area in central Lake County was significantly impacted when a wildfire threatened nearly 300 acres of land. Extensive resources, including 150 fire personnel, were required to fight the fire and assist with evacuations. Figure 5-67 displays the data by cause of the fire. Figure 5-67: Lake County Wildfires (1998-2009) Geographic Location for Fire Hazard Fire hazards occur countywide and therefore affect the entire county. The heavily forested areas in the county have a higher chance of widespread fire hazard. Hazard Extent for Fire Hazard The extent of the fire hazard varies both in terms of the severity of the fire and the type of material being ignited. All communities in Lake County are affected by fire equally. Probability (X) Impact (=) Overall Risk Low Medium High Minimal Moderate Significant Low Elevated Severe Risk Identification for Fire Hazard Based on historical information, the probability of a fire is high. In Meeting #2, the planning team determined that the potential impact of a fire is moderate; therefore, the overall risk of a fire hazard for Lake County is severe. Vulnerability Analysis for Fire Hazard This hazard impacts the entire jurisdiction equally; therefore, the entire population and all buildings within the county are vulnerable to fires and can expect the same impacts within the affected area. Table 5-4 lists the types and numbers of all essential facilities in the area. Critical facility names and locations are included in Appendix E. The building exposure for Lake County, as determined from the building inventory, is included in Table 5-5. Because of the difficulty predicting which communities are at risk, the entire population and all buildings have been identified at risk. Critical Facilities All critical facilities are vulnerable to fire hazards. A critical facility will encounter many of the same impacts as any other building within the jurisdiction. These impacts include structural damage from fire and water damage from efforts extinguishing fire. Table 5-4 lists the types and numbers of essential facilities in the area. Critical facility names and locations are included in Appendix E. Building Inventory A table of the building exposure in terms of types and numbers of buildings for the entire county is provided in Table 5-5. Impacts to the general buildings within the county are similar to the damages expected to the critical facilities. These impacts include structural damage from fire and water damage from efforts to extinguish the fire. Infrastructure During a fire the types of infrastructure that could be impacted include roadways, utility lines/pipes, railroads, and bridges. Since the county’s entire infrastructure is equally vulnerable, it is important to emphasize that any number of these items could become damaged during a fire. Potential impacts include structural damage resulting in impassable roadways and power outages. Vulnerability to Future Assets/Infrastructure for Fire Hazard Any future development will be vulnerable to these events. Analysis of Community Development Trends Fire hazard events may occur anywhere within the county, because of this future development will be impacted. 6.0 MITIGATION STRATEGIES The goal of mitigation is to reduce the future impacts of a hazard including property damage, disruption to local and regional economies, and the amount of public and private funds spent to assist with recovery. The goal of mitigation is to build disaster-resistant communities. Mitigation actions and projects should be based on a well-constructed risk assessment, provided in Section 4 of this plan. Mitigation should be an ongoing process adapting over time to accommodate a community’s needs. 6.1 COMMUNITY CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT The capability assessment identifies current activities used to mitigate hazards. The capability assessment identifies the policies, regulations, procedures, programs, and projects that contribute to the lessening of disaster damages. The assessment also provides an evaluation of these capabilities to determine whether the activities can be improved in order to more effectively reduce the impact of future hazards. The following sections identify existing plans and mitigation capabilities within all of the communities listed in Section 3.0 of this plan. 6.1.1 NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM (NFIP) The county and all of the communities within the county are members of the NFIP. HAZUS-MH identified approximately 9,791 households located within the Lake County Special Flood Hazard Area; 5,319 households paid flood insurance, insuring $566,009,099 in property value. The total premiums collected amounted to $3,679,750, which on average was $691.81 annually. As of November 30, 2006, 1,708 claims were filed totaling $11,161,122. The average claim was $6,534.61. The county and incorporated areas do not participate in the NFIP’S Community Rating System (CRS). The CRS is a voluntary incentive program that recognizes and encourages community floodplain management activities that exceed the minimum NFIP requirements. As a result, flood insurance premium rates are discounted to reflect the reduced flood risk resulting from the community actions meeting the three goals of the CRS: 1) reduce flood losses; 2) facilitate accurate insurance rating; and 3) promote the awareness of flood insurance. Table 6-1 identifies each community and the date each participant joined the NFIP. Table 6-1: Additional Information on Communities Participating in the NFIP Community Participation Date FIRM Date CRS Date CRS Rating Flood Plain Zoning Ordinance Adopted Last Town of Cedar Lake 12/28/73 03/15/82 N/A N/A City of Crown Point 11/23/73 03/18/80 N/A N/A Town of Dyer 01/25/74 05/15/84 N/A N/A City of East Chicago 04/12/74 06/04/80 N/A N/A City of Gary 06/28/74 03/16/81 N/A N/A Town of Griffith 04/18/72 02/26/71 N/A N/A City of Hammond 03/15/74 03/16/81 N/A N/A Community Participation Date FIRM Date CRS Date CRS Rating Flood Plain Zoning Ordinance Adopted Last Town of Highland 05/19/72 05/19/72 N/A N/A 2006 City of Hobart 04/12/74 12/04/79 N/A N/A 1992 Lake County 12/06/74 09/02/81 N/A N/A 1992 City of Lake Station 07/02/76 09/05/79 N/A N/A 1996 Town of Lowell 12/21/73 12/04/79 N/A N/A 2007 Town of Merrillville 07/19/74 10/15/81 N/A N/A 1993 Town of Munster 12/14/73 06/16/83 N/A N/A 1993 Town of New Chicago 05/31/74 01/02/80 N/A N/A Town of Schererville 11/30/73 05/01/80 N/A N/A Town of Schneider 12/17/73 08/01/80 N/A N/A 2001 Town of St. John 11/30/73 11/01/79 N/A N/A 1996 City of Whiting 01/10/75 03/06/81 N/A N/A 2004 Town of Winfield 09/02/81 09/02/81 N/A N/A 2006 6.1.2 PLANS AND ORDINANCES Lake County and its incorporated communities have a number of plans and ordinances in place to ensure the safety of residents and the effective operation of communities. Table 6-2 lists some of the plans. Table 6-2: Description of Zoning Plans/Ordinances Community Comp Plan Zoning Ord Subd Control Ord Erosion Control Storm Water Mgmt Burning Ord Seismic Ord Bldg. Stndrds Town of Cedar Lake 2007 Ongoing 1989 2006 2006 2004 N/A Internat’l Standards City of Crown Point 2005 2008 2006 2006 2006 2007 N/A 2006 Town of Dyer 2004 2007 1994 1992 In Process 1984 N/A 2008 City of East Chicago 2008 N/A City of Gary 2008 2007 N/A Town of Griffith 1999 2007 2007 2008 2008 2005 N/A 2007 City of Hammond 2007 2003 1983 2008 2008 1965 N/A 2008 Town of Highland 2003 N/A City of Hobart 2005 N/A Lake County 2003 2001 2006 N/A City of Lake Station 1988 1995 1969 2008 2008 2006 N/A 1985 Town of Lowell 1995 1998 2006 2005 2006 2005 N/A 1995 Town of Merrillville 1997 2006 1992 N/A 2007 2005 N/A 2008 Town of Munster 2009 2008 2009 2005 2007 N/A N/A 2005 Town of New Chicago N/A N/A Town of Schererville 2009 N/A 2008 Town of Schneider N/A Town of St. John 2005 2006 N/A City of Whiting 2010 2010 2010 1979 N/A 2003 Town of Winfield 2007 1997 1997 N/A In Process N/A N/A State Standards Fire Insurance Ratings Table 6-3 lists Lake County’s fire departments and available information. Table 6-3: Lake County Fire Departments, Ratings, and Number of Firefighters Fire Department Fire Insurance Rating Number of Firefighters Cedar Lake Fire In Town: 7 Out of Town: 9 35 Crown Point Fire City: 5 Township: 7 50 Dyer Fire 4 34 East Chicago Fire 3 85 Gary Fire 241 Griffith Fire 5 45 Hammond Fire 3 171 Highland Fire 4 40 Hobart Fire In Town: 4 Out of Town: 9 Lake Dalecarlia Fire Lake Hills Fire 27 Lake Ridge Fire Areas w/ hydrants: 5 w/o hydrants: 9 22 Lake Station Fire 60 Lake of Four Seasons Fire Winfield: 5; In LOFS: 5; West Porter County Fire Protection District: 6; Winfield Township (excluding LOFS): 6 60 Lowell Fire In Town: 5 Out of Town: 9 33 Munster Fire 4 59 New Chicago Fire Ross Township Fire In Town & Unincorporated w/ hydrants: 7; Unincorporated w/o hydrants: 9 125 St. John Fire In Town: 5 Out of Town: 7 51 Schererville Fire 5 42 Schneider Fire 13 Shelby Fire Whiting Fire 5 14 BP Amoco Fire N/A 55 USS Fire N/A 78 Land Use Plan Lake County’s land use plan is included in the Lake County Comprehensive Plan, adopted in 1996. Many of the communities within Lake County also have comprehensive plans that address existing and future land use. The respective adoption/update dates are listed in Table 6-2. 6.2 MITIGATION GOALS In Section 5.0 of this plan, the risk assessment identified Lake County as prone to a number of natural and technological hazards. The MHMP planning team members understand that although hazards cannot be eliminated altogether, Lake County can work toward building disaster- resistant communities. The Polis Center conducted interviews with each community within the county, including unincorporated Lake County. Following is a list of goals on which the communities based their mitigation action items. The goals represent long-term, broad objectives of the overall vision the county and its communities would like to achieve for mitigation. Goal 1: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure (a) Objective: Retrofit critical facilities and structures with structural design practices and equipment that will withstand natural disasters and offer weather-proofing. (b) Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. (c) Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. (d) Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. (e) Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in the community. Goal 2: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community (a) Objective: Support compliance with the NFIP. (b) Objective: Review and update existing, or create new, community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. (c) Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Goal 3: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county (a) Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. (b) Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials. 6.3 MITIGATION ACTIONS/PROJECTS Upon completion of the risk assessment and development of the goals and objectives, the planning committee was provided a list of the six mitigation measure categories from the FEMA State and Local Mitigation Planning How to Guides. The measures are listed as follows: • Prevention: Government, administrative, or regulatory actions or processes that influence the way land and buildings are developed and built. These actions also include public activities to reduce hazard losses. Examples include planning and zoning, building codes, capital improvement programs, open space preservation, and stormwater management regulations. • Property Protection: Actions that involve the modification of existing buildings or structures to protect them from a hazard or removal from the hazard area. Examples include acquisition, elevation, structural retrofits, storm shutters, and shatter-resistant glass. • Public Education and Awareness: Actions to inform and educate citizens, elected officials, and property owners about the hazards and potential ways to mitigate them. Such actions include outreach projects, real estate disclosure, hazard information centers, and school-age and adult education programs. • Natural Resource Protection: Actions that, in addition to minimizing hazard losses, preserve or restore the functions of natural systems. These actions include sediment and erosion control, stream corridor restoration, watershed management, forest and vegetation management, and wetland restoration and preservation. • Emergency Services: Actions that protect people and property during and immediately after a disaster or hazard event. Services include warning systems, emergency response services, and protection of critical facilities. • Structural Projects: Actions that involve the construction of structures to reduce the impact of a hazard. Such structures include dams, levees, floodwalls, seawalls, retaining walls, and safe rooms. During the community interviews, MHMP members were presented with the task of individually listing potential mitigation activities using the FEMA evaluation criteria. The evaluation criteria (STAPLE+E) involved the following categories and questions. Social: • Will the proposed action adversely affect one segment of the population? • Will the action disrupt established neighborhoods, break up voting districts, or cause the relocation of lower income people? Technical: • How effective is the action in avoiding or reducing future losses? • Will it create more problems than it solves? • Does it solve the problem or only a symptom? • Does the mitigation strategy address continued compliance with the NFIP? Administrative: • Does the jurisdiction have the capability (staff, technical experts, and/or funding) to implement the action, or can it be readily obtained? • Can the community provide the necessary maintenance? • Can it be accomplished in a timely manner? Political: • Is there political support to implement and maintain this action? • Is there a local champion willing to help see the action to completion? • Is there enough public support to ensure the success of the action? • How can the mitigation objectives be accomplished at the lowest cost to the public? Legal: • Does the community have the authority to implement the proposed action? • Are the proper laws, ordinances, and resolution in place to implement the action? • Are there any potential legal consequences? • Is there any potential community liability? • Is the action likely to be challenged by those who may be negatively affected? • Does the mitigation strategy address continued compliance with the NFIP? Economic: • Are there currently sources of funds that can be used to implement the action? • What benefits will the action provide? • Does the cost seem reasonable for the size of the problem and likely benefits? • What burden will be placed on the tax base or local economy to implement this action? • Does the action contribute to other community economic goals such as capital improvements or economic development? • What proposed actions should be considered but be “tabled” for implementation until outside sources of funding are available? Environmental: • How will this action affect the environment (land, water, endangered species)? • Will this action comply with local, state, and federal environmental laws and regulations? • Is the action consistent with community environmental goals? Implementation of the mitigation plan is critical to the overall success of the mitigation planning process. The first step is to decide, based upon many factors, which action will be undertaken first. In order to pursue the top priority first, an analysis and prioritization of the actions is important. Some actions may occur before the top priority due to financial, engineering, environmental, permitting, and site control issues. Public awareness and input of these mitigation actions can increase knowledge to capitalize on funding opportunities and monitoring the progress of an action. The planning team prioritized mitigation actions based on a number of factors. A rating of high, medium, or low was assessed for each mitigation item and is listed next to each item in Table 5- 5. Assuming funding is available, high priority strategies will be implemented within one year, medium priority strategies within three years, and low priority strategies within five years. Additional factors included the STAPLE+E (Social, Technical, Administrative, Political, Legal, Economic, and Environmental) criteria listed in Table 6-4. Table 6-4: STAPLE+E planning factors S – Social Mitigation actions are acceptable to the community if they do not adversely affect a particular segment of the population, do not cause relocation of lower income people, and if they are compatible with the community’s social and cultural values. T – Technical Mitigation actions are technically most effective if they provide a long-term reduction of losses and have minimal secondary adverse impacts. A – Administrative Mitigation actions are easier to implement if the jurisdiction has the necessary staffing and funding. P – Political Mitigation actions can truly be successful if all stakeholders have been offered an opportunity to participate in the planning process and if there is public support for the action. L – Legal It is critical that the jurisdiction or implementing agency have the legal authority to implement and enforce a mitigation action. E – Economic Budget constraints can significantly deter the implementation of mitigation actions. Hence, it is important to evaluate whether an action is cost-effective, as determined by a cost benefit review, and possible to fund. E – Environmental Sustainable mitigation actions that do not have an adverse effect on the environment, comply with federal, state, and local environmental regulations, and are consistent with the community’s environmental goals, have mitigation benefits while being environmentally sound. For each mitigation action related to infrastructure, new and existing infrastructure was considered. Additionally, the mitigation strategies address continued compliance with the NFIP. While an official cost benefit review was not conducted for any of the mitigation actions, the estimated costs were discussed. The overall benefits were considered when prioritizing mitigation items from high to low. An official cost benefit review will be conducted prior to the implementations of any mitigation actions. The following tables present potential mitigation projects developed by community representatives and sorted according to jurisdiction, as well as actions that are ongoing or already completed. Since this is the first mitigation plan developed for Lake County, there are no deleted or deferred mitigation items. 6.3.1 Strategies by Community Unincorporated Lake County Flooding is the most significant concern for unincorporated Lake County. In a brainstorming meeting held on January 29, 2010, the planning team identified areas for voluntary buy-out programs, places to improve drainage or elevate roads, and a number of other strategies, listed in Table 6-5. The mitigation strategies will be used in future land use planning. Minutes from the meeting are included in Appendix A. Lake County consists of 11 townships. One of the largest, Calumet Township, encompasses the City of Gary, Town of Griffith, and parts of unincorporated Lake County. Because its geographic location is so large and its population so high, Calumet Township developed its own set of mitigation strategies. Flooding is the most significant concern for the township, which faces a constant threat of levee failure because of its location near the Little Calumet River. Programs designed to assist this area include voluntary buy-outs and the identification higher elevations where trailer homes could be relocated. Calumet Township is also concerned with the sewer system, which combines storm and sanitary waste and could create significant health hazards. The township’s mitigation strategies are listed toward the end of Table 6-5. Table 6-5: Unincorporated Lake County Mitigation Strategies Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Establish a first response hazmat team Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials Hazmat Complete The County has a hazmat team. Continue to Pursue Opportunities for Intergovernmental Cooperation Capital Improvement Projects that address severe flooding and erosion problems threatening residential areas and public facilities Goal: Develop long term strategies to reduce flooding Objective: Address problems of a regional nature cooperatively with other governmental units. Flood Completed County Surveyor’s Office/Drainage Board will continue to successfully implement intergovernmental cooperative projects: Little Calumet (North) Watershed: *Highland Industrial Park/Spring Street Ditch-Highland *Teibles Ponds/Schererville & Dyer Ditch – INDOT/Teibles *Crown Point Storage Facilities/Beaver Dam #5 – Crown Point/White Hawk *Hartsdale Pond/Spring Street Ditch – Highland/Schererville *Downtown Schererville/Spring Street Ditch – Schererville *Avenue “H” Tiled Drain/Spring Street Ditch-Schererville/Griffith *Cady Marsh Ditch LOMR– Highland/Griffith *Broadfield/Beaver Dam #2 – Merrillville Schererville Fire Station/Turkey Creek – Schererville Kankakee (South) Watershed: *Schneider Storm Sewers/Singleton - Public Works; *Spring Run Storage Facility–Jensen Distribute weather radios to residents in mobile homes, nursing homes, and assisted living facilities Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Tornado, Thunderstorm, Flood, Earthquake, Winter Storm Ongoing The County EMA has distributed weather radios to most schools and hospitals and is currently making an effort to make the radios more available to other critical facilities. Continue Implementation of Stormwater Ordinance in the County Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Review and update existing community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. Flood Ongoing The County Surveyor’s Office/Drainage Board and Plan Commission will continue to implement. Updates will be made periodically. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Continue Maintenance Program of Principal Regulated Drain System in Lake County Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood Ongoing The County Surveyor’s Office/Drainage Board will concentrate drainage board funds on waterways that will provide greatest drainage benefit. Pursue Federal funding for significant identified flooding problems in unincorporated areas, along regulated drains. Ranburn Woods, Schererville Heights, Baldwin Hills, Stateline reservoir Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood Ongoing Working with Drainage Board, areas legislators and Congressman Visclosky, seek federal funding for projects of major significance; U.S. Corps of Engineers programs are targeted. Integrate current local datasets with FEMA and EMA datasets to provide on the spot analysis for rapid response using computerized parcel data system & GIS Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Ongoing This project is ongoing, but additional funding will be sought from federal, state, and local resources to create new and maintain current data. Evaluate current training and increase if necessary for the following: elected officials, department heads; the goal is to improve emergency response and damage assessment reporting Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials Tornado, Flood, Thunderstorm, Earthquake, Winter Storm, Fire Ongoing/ High The County EMA will oversee this project and work closely with elected officials and department heads in the county. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but state and federal sources are an option. Implementation will begin within one year. Improve Dike Ditch and levee west of U.S. 41 in West Creek Township; levee, which protects almost 3,000 acres is deteriorating Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High The EMA director will work with IDHS and IDNR to coordinate this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but county, state, and federal funding will be sought. Implementation will begin within one year. Conduct stream maintenance along Turkey Creek and its tributaries and maintain debris management in Singleton Ditch Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Flood High The County EMA will oversee this project. IDHS and IDNR are potential funding sources. If funding is available, implementation will begin within one year. Institute a buy-out plan for approximately 20 homes in Shelby, Wildwood, Pons Riverside, and Ranburn Woods areas Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Support compliance with the NFIP for each jurisdiction in community. Flood High The County EMA oversees the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010 but will be sought from funding sources such as IDHS. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Procure back-up generators/transfer switches for Lions Club in Shelby and Multi-Purpose Center in Calumet Township Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm High The County EMA will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the pre-disaster mitigation program and community development grants are possible funding sources. If funding is available, this project is forecasted to begin within one year. Institute a mass notification system similar to Reverse 911 Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The County EMA oversees the implementation of the project. Local resources will be used to install and maintain the system. Additional funding will be sought from other funding sources. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Purchase new snow removal equipment and pre- treatment equipment and supplies Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Winter Storm High The County EMA will oversee this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community development grants are a possibility. If funding is available, implementation will begin within one year. Complete a comprehensive drainage study to determine future risk areas and identify solutions Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Flood High Seek Federal funding through congressional appropriation to fund comprehensive analysis and plan for future. The County Surveyor will lead efforts on this project. If funding is available, implementation will begin within one year. Conduct a sewer upgrade to separate stormwater and sanitary sewer lines Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Medium The EMA director will work with INDOT and IDNR to evaluate the current conditions of the community’s sewer system and develop a plan. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but county, state, and federal funding will be sought. Implementation will begin within three years. Elevate Chase St. from 25th to 35th in Calumet Township, SR 2 at the viaduct east of U.S. 41 in West Creek Township, and Main Street west of Lowell Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Medium The County EMA will oversee this project, working with highway departments. INDOT, IDHS, and IDNR are potential funding sources. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Conduct hazmat training and procure equipment Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials Hazmat Medium The County EMA and hazmat team will coordinate this project. Funding will be sought from community grants and state resources. Implementation will begin within three years. Establish a new shelter at Lake Dalecarlia Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat Medium The County EMA will oversee the implementation of this project. Local resources and IDHS grants will be sought to procure the materials. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within three years. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Install dry hydrants throughout the county Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Tornado, Thunderstorm, Flood, Earthquake, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Medium The County EMA will work with local fire departments to implement this project. Funding will be sought from community grants and state and federal resources. If resources are available, implementation will begin within three years. Improve capacity to respond and remediate future flood events. Purchase sandbagging machines, portable pumps for north/south watersheds Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Flood Medium The County Surveyor will coordinate this effort. Funding will be sought from federal, state, and local sources, including the PDM program and FEMA grants. If funding is available,, implementation will begin within three years. Continue coordination of flood response agencies to increase the capacity to address flood issues Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials Flood Medium The County EMA, Highway Department, and Surveyor’s Office will coordinate this project. Funding sources may include FEMA, IDHS, and community grants, as well as local resources. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Distribute literature advising that residents, schools, healthcare facilities, and other critical facilities bolt bookshelves to walls and secure water heaters Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Earthquake Low The County EMA will work with schools, healthcare facilities, and public officials to create and distribute the literature. Local resources will be used for funding. If funding is available, implementation will begin within five years. Bury existing power lines Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Low The County EMA, municipalities, and utility companies will oversee the implementation of this project. Local and corporate resources will be used to prioritize power lines and bury them. The project is forecasted to be complete within approximately five years. Purchase and install new warning sirens in southern Lake County Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat Low The County EMA oversees the implementation of the project. Local resources will be used to install and maintain the warning systems. Additional funding will be sought from other funding sources, e.g. PDM program, to expand the warning system coverage area. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within three years. CALUMET TOWNSHIP MITIGATION STRATEGIES Implement a program for public education regarding flooding Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county. Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Flood Ongoing This is an ongoing effort in Calumet Township. Purchase generator/transfer switch for Gary Sanitary District Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure. Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in community. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Strom, Hazmat, Fire High Calumet Township plans to install an alternate power source fueled by Diesel underground tanks. Potential funding sources include the PDM program. If funding is available, implementation will begin within one year. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Update the evacuation plan for hazardous materials spills Goal: Create new or revised existing plans/maps for the community. Objective: Review and update existing community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. Hazmat Medium The Gary EMA and fire departments will oversee the implementation of this project. Calumet Township will serve as a local resource to assist with updating existing plans. Implementation will begin within three years. Harden and flood proof the Calumet Township Multi- Purpose Center, Genesis Center, courthouse, critical facilities, and other public buildings Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure. Objective: Retrofit critical facilities with structural design practices and equipment that will withstand natural disasters and offer weather-proofing. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Fire Medium Calumet Township will assist the City of Gary’s EMA to identify additional structures within our township to be hardened. Funding sources may include the PDM program, FEMA, and community grants. Implementation will begin within three years. Procure 4WD emergency vehicles for rescue and recovery Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure. Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Low Calumet Township will coordinate with the City of Gary’s EMA to identify funding from grants and federal sources. Implementation will begin within five years. Distribute weather radios to schools Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure. Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Tornado, Thunderstorm, Flood, Earthquake, Winter Storm Low Calumet Township will submit a request for radios t the City of Gary’s EMS as a local resource for inclusion. If funding is available through community or state grants, implementation will begin within five years. Revise and strengthen mutual aid agreements between the City of Gary and Calumet Township Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county. Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials. Winter Storm, Hazmat Low Calumet Township officials with work Gary’s EMA to evaluate and revise/strengthen current mutual aid agreements. Local resources will be used, and implementation will begin within five years. Town of Cedar Lake The Town of Cedar Lake is located southwest of central Lake County. According to the planning team, the most significant hazards facing the community are tornadoes and winter storms. Cedar Lake’s flooding concerns focus more on flash flooding than riverine flooding. Following is a future land use map from Cedar Lake’s Comprehensive Plan. Much of the flash flooding that was identified in Section 5.0 occurs in commercial and residential areas, and is therefore of high concern to the town. The mitigation strategies will be used in future land use planning. A meeting was held on January 13, 2010 to brainstorm mitigation strategies that would address issues relating to the town’s potential hazards. The strategies are described in Table 6-6. Minutes from the brainstorming session are in Appendix A. Figure 6-1: Cedar Lake Future Land Use Map Table 6-6: Cedar Lake Mitigation Strategies Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Improve drainage to Sleepy Hollow Ditch Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Complete The Town of Cedar Lake has completed this strategy. Include flood best management practices (BMPs) in Cedar Lake Comprehensive Plan Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Review and update existing community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. Flood Complete The Town of Cedar Lake has completed this strategy. Implement wetland retention in the southern portion of the town to mitigate flooding Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Complete The Town of Cedar Lake has completed this strategy. Update zoning ordinances and incorporate into GIS layer Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Review and update existing community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. Flood Complete The Town of Cedar Lake is currently working on this strategy Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Establish mutual aid agreements Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials Hazmat, Fire Complete The Town of Cedar Lake has mutual aid agreements with the Lake County Fire Association and County Hazmat Team. Implement a program to improve communications for students Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Complete The Town of Cedar Lake has communications systems installed on school buses and weather radios in all schools Bury new power lines in the community Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Winter Storm Ongoing The Town of Cedar Lake requires all new subdivisions to bury power lines. Enforce floodplain ordinances for new construction Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Review and update existing community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. Flood Ongoing The Town of Cedar Lake enforces its floodplain regulations. Institute a buy-out plan for repetitive loss properties; conduct a study for Brownfields redevelopment of fuel soils along Morris Street Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Support compliance with the NFIP. Flood High The Town of Cedar Lake will work with the County EMA to oversee the implementation of the project. Local resources, including the County Surveyor, will be used to determine potential buy-out areas. Additional funding will be sought from IDHS, EPA, and FEMA. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Install curbs and gutters to improve drainage Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities with means to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood High The Town of Cedar Lake is approximately 16% finished with this strategy, but will need additional funding from state and federal sources to continue. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Adjust the height of Cedar Creek Dam to regulate discharge from the lake (dam overtopped during 2008 flooding) Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood High The Town of Cedar Lake will work with the County EMA and DNR to oversee this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but state and federal grants are an option. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within one year. Install a new siren on the southwest side of the town Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the town. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm High The Town Board oversees implementation of the project. Local resources will be used to evaluate, install, and maintain the warning systems. Additional funding will be sought from other funding sources, e.g. PDM program, to expand the warning system coverage area. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Introduce Nixle to the residents of Cedar Lake Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The Town of Cedar Lake has implemented Nixle, but needs funding to publicize it. FEMA and the PDM program are possible sources of funding. If resources are available, implementation will begin within one year. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Implement new plans for public education including distribution of first aid kits, weather radios, and pamphlets Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The Town will work with the County EMA and area schools, healthcare facilities, and businesses to implement this project. Funding will be sought from local sources and FEMA. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within one year. Procure emergency generators and/or transfer switches for the City Hall Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in the community. Tornado, Thunderstorm, Flood, Earthquake, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The Town of Cedar Lake will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the pre-disaster mitigation program and community development grants are possible funding sources. If funding is available, this project is forecasted to begin within one year. Replace culverts and broken field tiles Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Medium The Town of Cedar Lake will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but INDOT is a possible funding source. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within three years. Remove the abandoned railroad viaduct to relieve flooding issues Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood Medium The Town of Cedar Lake will oversee this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but state and federal grants are an option. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within three years. Purchase new snow removal equipment and pre-treatment equipment and supplies Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Winter Storm Medium The Town Board will oversee this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community development grants are a possibility. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Update flood ordinances for new subdivisions Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Review and update existing community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. Flood Low The Town of Cedar Lake will oversee implementation of this project. Local resources will be used to update the community ordinance. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within five years. Create an EAP for Cedar Creek Dam Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Low The dam currently has an EAP; however, in light of the dam overtopping in 2008, the EAP may need to be updated. Cedar Lake and the County will seek funding and assistance from IDNR. Implementation will begin within five years. Strengthen mutual aid agreements Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials Winter Storm Low The Cedar Lake Town Board will work with local resources to establish the agreements. If resources are available, implementation will begin within one year. City of Crown Point The City of Crown Point is located in central Lake County. According to the planning team, the most significant hazards facing the community are severe thunderstorms and winter storms. Much of the community’s land use is residential and commercial; therefore, damage from hazards could significantly threaten the safety of residents and economic development. Figure 6- 2 depicts Crown Point’s future land use map. The mitigation strategies will be used in future land use planning. A meeting was held on January 12, 2010 to brainstorm mitigation strategies that would address issues relating to the town’s potential hazards. The strategies are described in Table 6-7. Minutes from the brainstorming session are in Appendix A. Figure 6-2: Crown Point Future Land Use Map Table 6-7: Crown Point Mitigation Strategies Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Develop an evacuation plan for hazardous materials spills Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Review and update existing community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. Hazmat Complete The City of Crown Point has an evacuation plan. Complete a Blackboard study for mass communication Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Complete The City of Crown Point has successfully completed the study. Establish new shelters throughout the community Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Complete The City of Crown Point has shelters at the high school and Civic Center. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Develop method to alert the public regarding hazards affecting Crown Point Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Complete The City of Crown Point has a weekly radio show and TV station for announcements. Upgrade existing and install new warning sirens Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Thunderstorm Complete The City conducted a strategy assessment and installed sirens accordingly. There are seven sirens in Crown Point. Replace damaged culverts Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Ongoing The City replaces culverts as needed on an ongoing basis but needs additional funding to continue. The City will seek funding from INDOT and other state sources. Implementation will begin within five years. Develop educational resources including trailers and brochures to use at schools and for public events Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Earthquake High The City EMA will work with schools, healthcare facilities, and public officials to disseminate the educational resources. Funding will be sought from FEMA. If funding is available, implementation will begin within one year. Complete CSO mitigation project Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High The City has plans in place to separate stormwater and sanitary sewer lines but need additional funding to complete the project. Possible sources of funding are EPA, IDNR, and INDOT. Implementation will begin within one year. Purchase generators/transfer switches for fire departments Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood, Tornado, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm High The City EMA oversees the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010 but will be sought from funding sources such as IDHS. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Harden fire stations to withstand severe wind damage Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Retrofit critical facilities and structures with structural design practices and equipment that will withstand natural disasters and offer weather-proofing. Tornado, Thunderstorm High The City EMA will oversee this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community development grants are a possibility. If funding is available, implementation will begin within one year. Conduct stream maintenance Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Flood Medium The City Emergency Management Department will oversee this project. IDHS and IDNR are potential funding sources. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Conduct a study for Combined Sewer Operation Recommendations Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Flood Medium The County EMA and surveyor will work with IDEM to conduct this study. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but IDEM is a possible source. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within three years. Connect schools to NOAA’s radio system for hazmat spill alerts Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Hazmat Medium The City EMA will work with local schools to oversee this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but local resources and community grants are an option. Implementation will begin within three years. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Purchase equipment for containing spills, e.g. absorbent materials Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Hazmat Medium The City relies on County resources for hazmat spills but would like to have enough training to be at an operational level. The City EMA will work with local first responders to oversee this project. Funding will be sought from the PDM program and community grants. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Create a database for identification of special needs population and institute a plan for rescue and recovery Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Medium The City EMA will work with local health care facilities to coordinate this project. Local resources will be used. State and federal resources may be sought to help publicize the voluntary plan. Implementation will begin within three years. Purchase a bucket truck for tree trimming Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Winter Storm Medium The City will work with the County and neighboring communities to oversee this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community development grants are a possibility. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Install inertial valves at critical facilities Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Retrofit critical facilities with structural design practices and equipment that will withstand natural disasters and offer weather-proofing. Earthquake Low The City EMA will oversee implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community grants are an option. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Assess and upgrade drainage system along major roadways Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Low The City will work with the INDOT to implement this project. Funding as not been secured as of 2010, but INDOT and IDNR are potential sources. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within five years. Improve the conveyance system for ditches to improve water quality Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood Low The Emergency Management Department will work with IDNR and EPA to oversee implementation of this project. Local, state, and federal funding will be sought. Implementation will begin within five years. Town of Dyer The Town of Dyer is located in western Lake County. The most significant hazards facing the community are tornadoes/thunderstorms and winter storms. The Town of Dyer recently partnered with Christopher B. Burke Engineering, Ltd to complete a multi-hazard mitigation plan for the town. According to that plan, much of the current land use is residential; the residential land use is expected to continue to grow in the future. Dyer’s MHMP was created in 2007 and allowed the community to pursue funding for some of its highest priority mitigation strategies. The mitigation strategies will be used in future land use planning. A meeting was held on January 13, 2010 to update the mitigation strategies that were recorded in the 2007 MHMP. The strategies are described in Table 6-8. Minutes from the brainstorming session are in Appendix A. Table 6-8: Dyer Mitigation Strategies Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Complete a detailed flood study of Hart Ditch from the bridge crossing at Hart Street to the bridge crossing at U.S. Route 30 Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Complete The Town of Dyer completed this strategy with mitigation funding from the Town MHMP. Minimize flooding by diverting or retaining stormwater Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood In Progress The Town of Dyer completed Phase I of this project in the Beren's Monaldi area, Sandy Ridge Subdivision, and Northgate Subdivision with resources acquired through the Town MHMP. Phase II will begin in April 2010 with an anticipated completion date of July 2010. Enforce development restrictions to comply with the NFIP Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Support compliance with the NFIP for each jurisdiction in community. Flood Ongoing The Town of Dyer does not allow development in the Special Flood Hazard Ordinance. Enforce existing snow routes to allow for snow removal activities Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Winter Storm Complete The Town of Dyer posts signs to prohibit parking on streets when snow accumulation of more than two inches is expected. Improve stormwater drainage to decrease localized damage caused by pooling in yards, basements, and streets Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Ongoing DPW and the County Surveyor's Office currently have a program to maintain stormwater management; however, additional funding may be required from FEMA and SW Utility. Implementation will begin within three years. Enhance coordination and collaboration between the Town of Dyer and Red Cross of Northwest Indiana Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Ongoing The Town of Dyer continues to improve its relationship with Red Cross. This is an ongoing project. Increase number of personnel who are certified to OSHA III Technician Level Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials. Hazmat Ongoing All fire fighters are trained to the Awareness in Operations Level. The fire departments will use local resources to continue to train more to the Technician level. Upgrade existing and install new warning sirens Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Thunderstorm Ongoing The Town currently has siren coverage for 98% of its residential structures. Participate in the Community Rating System Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Support compliance with the NFIP. Flood High DPW (Stormwater), Zoning Department, and IDNR oversee the implementation of the project. Local resources and FEMA will be used for funding. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Procure educational trailers and literature to distribute to schools and town residents at public events Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The Storm Water Board will work with schools, healthcare facilities, and public officials to distribute the literature. FEMA and local resources will be used for funding. If funding is available, implementation will begin within one year. Develop and implement a voluntary immunization program for first responders Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials Tornado, Thunderstorm, Flood, Earthquake, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The DPW will coordinate with first responders to develop this plan. Local resources and the CDC will be used for funding. If funding and resources are available, implementation will begin within one year. Distribute weather radios to residents in mobile homes, nursing homes, and major businesses Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Tornado, Thunderstorm, Flood, Winter Storm High The Storm Water Board will oversee implementation of this project. Local resources will be used to determine how many radios are needed and when/where to distribute them. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community grants are an option. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within one year. Trim trees to minimize the amount/duration of power outages Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Tornado, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm High The NIPSCO and DPW will oversee implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the Town will coordinate with NIPSCO to increase the funding of tree maintenance. If funding is available, implementation will begin within five years. Procure back-up generators for critical facilities Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Medium Approximately half of Dyer's critical facilities have generators. DPW and police and fire departments will coordinate an effort to procure generators for the remaining critical facilities. Funding will be sought from the PDM program and community grants. Implementation will begin within three years. Establish a volunteer emergency response team Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Medium DPW and fire and police departments will oversee this project. Local resources will be used to develop and maintain the team. Implementation will begin within three years. Purchase a mobile messaging board system to notify residents of traffic conditions, road closures, and other events Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Medium The police and fire departments will work with local business owners to oversee the implementation of the project. Funding will be sought from community grants and FEMA. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within three years. Establish safe rooms in all community buildings Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Medium The DPW will work with police and fire departments to oversee the implementation of this project. Local resources and FEMA and IDHS grants will be sought to procure the materials. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within three years. Apply to become an NWS Storm Ready Community Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Tornado, Flood, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Medium The Storm Water Board will oversee this project. Local resources will be used to complete and submit the application. If funding and resources are available, implementation will begin within three years. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Improve railroad warnings at key intersections Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Hazmat Low DPW will oversee this project. Funding will be sought from INDOT. If funding is available, implementation will begin within five years. Add GPS units to snow plows and emergency vehicles Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Low Local first responders will coordinate this effort. Local resources and community grants will be used for funding. Implementation will begin within five years. City of East Chicago The City of East Chicago is located in northwest Lake County. Most of the flooding issues in the city stem from the combined sewer system; therefore, the most important project is the renovation of the Clive Avenue North Pumping Station. Because East Chicago is heavily industrial, the community faces a significant threat from hazardous materials releases and fires/explosions. The mitigation strategies will be used in future land use planning. A meeting was held on January 12, 2010 to develop mitigation strategies to alleviate hazmat releases and other disasters. The strategies are described in Table 6-9. Minutes from the brainstorming session are in Appendix A. Table 6-9: East Chicago Mitigation Strategies Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Institute Reverse 911 Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat Complete The City of East Chicago uses the County's rapid notify system. Trim trees to minimize the amount/duration of power outages Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Winter Storm Ongoing NIPSCO performs tree trimming for the City on a regular basis. Improve shelters throughout the community Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Ongoing The City of East Chicago has shelters that need improvements and resources. Funding will be sought from IDHS and FEMA, as well as community grants. This project is ongoing. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Rehabilitate the 145th Street Pumping Station to relieve flooding for several hundred homes Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High The City will work with the INDOT and IDNR to implement this project. Funding as not been secured as of 2010, but INDOT and IDNR are potential sources along with any available funding from the City's existing budget. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within one year. Install backflow valves in the Roxana neighborhood Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood High The City EMA will work with IDNR to oversee implementation of this project. FEMA, IDHS, and IDNR are proposed sources of funding. Implementation will begin within one year. Harden all four fire stations and the police station Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Retrofit critical facilities with structural design practices and equipment that will withstand natural disasters and offer weatherproofing. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm High East Chicago EMA will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the pre-disaster mitigation program and community development grants are possible funding sources. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within one year. Conduct a sewer upgrade to separate storm water and sanitary sewer lines Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Flood High The EMA director will work with INDOT and IDNR to evaluate the current conditions of the community’s sewer system and develop a plan. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but county, state, and federal funding will be sought. Implementation will begin within one year. Develop and implement a voluntary immunization program for first responders Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials Tornado, Flood, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High East Chicago will work with Police, Fire, EMS and Health Department for implementation. Local resources and state and federal grants will be used to fund the organization and supplies. Implementation will begin within one year. Procure back-up generator/transfer switch for the WWTP and schools Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm High The City EMA will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the pre-disaster mitigation program and community development grants are possible funding sources. If funding is available, this project is forecasted to begin within five years. Upgrade existing and install new warning sirens Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Medium The City EMA oversees the implementation of the project. East Chicago currently has six sirens but requires two more. Funding will be sought from the PDM program. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Distribute weather radios to schools Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Tornado, Thunderstorm, Flood, Earthquake, Winter Storm Medium East Chicago EMA is making an effort to make radios available to all critical facilities. FEMA, IDHS, and local funding are options. Implementation will begin within three years. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Conduct hazmat training and procure equipment Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials. Hazmat Medium East Chicago EMA will coordinate this project. Funding will sought from community grants and state resources. Implementation will begin within three years. Implement new plans for public education including distribution of first aid kits, weather radios, and pamphlets Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Medium East Chicago EMA will work with the County EMA and area schools, healthcare facilities, and businesses to implement this project. Funding will be sought from local sources and FEMA. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within three years. Purchase equipment for containing spills, e.g. absorbent materials Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Hazmat Medium The City relies on County for hazmat spills but would like to have enough training to be at an operational level. The City EMA will work with local first responders to oversee this project. Funding will be sought from the PDM program and community grants. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Strengthen mutual aid agreements Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials. Tornado, Flood, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Low East Chicago EMA will work with local resources to establish the agreements. If resources are available, implementation will begin within five years. Produce 4WD emergency vehicles for rescue and recovery Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Low The City EMA will coordinate this project. Funding will be sought from community grants and state and federal sources. Implementation will begin within five years. Purchase new snow removal equipment and pre-treatment equipment and supplies Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Winter Storm Low The City EMA will oversee this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community development grants are a possibility. If funding is available, implementation will begin within five years. Purchase a sewer vacuum truck for preventative maintenance Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Low East Chicago EMA will oversee this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but county, state, and federal funding will be sought. Implementation will begin within five years. City of Gary Stage VI of the Little Cal Project; located between Kennedy Ave to Cline on north side of the river; Source: USACE The City of Gary is located in north central Lake County. Because of its location near the Little Calumet River, the community has a significant threat of levee failure. The Little Calumet River project will drastically reduce the possibility of a levee break and will improve flooding in the community overall. A description of the project is available in Appendix B. The mitigation strategies will be used in future land use planning. A meeting was held on January 29, 2010 to develop mitigation strategies to alleviate flooding and other hazards. The strategies are described in Table 6-10. Minutes from the brainstorming session are in Appendix A. Table 6-10: Gary Mitigation Strategies Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Implement a program for public education regarding flooding Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Flood Ongoing The Gary Sanitary District conducts flood- related public education. Assess and upgrade drainage systems along I-65 exit, Clay Ave, 15th Ave, 5th Ave, I- 80/94 Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High The City received a $500K grant to survey areas of concern but needs funding to implement improvements. The City EMA will oversee this project. Funding will be sought from IDHS and IDNR. If funding is available, implementation will begin within one year. Conduct a sewer upgrade to separate stormwater and sanitary sewer lines Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High The EMA director will work with INDOT and IDNR to evaluate the current conditions of the community’s sewer system and develop a plan. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but county, state, and federal funding will be sought. Implementation will begin within one year. Secure funding to complete construction of the levees Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High The City of Gary and surrounding communities need additional funding to complete the Little Cal project, which will drastically reduce flooding. Potential sources are INDOT, IDNR, and other state and federal sources. Implementation will begin within one year. Institute a buy-out plan for properties along 25th and Clay to State St (approx 50 homes); Black Oak and East Glen Park areas; and 35th Ave. Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Support compliance with the NFIP for each jurisdiction in community. Flood High The City EMA oversees the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010 but will be sought from funding sources such as IDHS. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Retrofit critical facilities with backflow valves and inertial valves Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Retrofit critical facilities and structures with structural design practices and equipment that will withstand natural disasters and offer weather-proofing. Flood, Earthquake High The City EMA will work with City Planners to coordinate this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program is an option. If funding is available, implementation will begin within one year. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Purchase generator/transfer switch for Gary Sanitary District Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in community. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The City EMA will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the pre-disaster mitigation program and community development grants are possible funding sources. If funding is available, this project is forecasted to begin within one year. Procure 4WD emergency vehicles for rescue and recovery Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Low The City EMA will coordinate this project. Funding will be sought from community grants and state and federal sources. Implementation will begin within five years. Construct a viaduct for railroad crossing on the west side of the City; currently, the tracks cut off emergency transportation Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Medium The City EMA will work with City Planners and the rail company to coordinate this project. Funding will be sought from community grants, state and federal sources, and the rail company. Implementation will begin within three years. Update the evacuation plan for hazardous materials spills Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Review and update existing community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. Hazmat Medium The City EMA and fire departments will oversee the implementation of this project. Local resources will be used to update the plans. Implementation will begin within five years. Harden and flood- proof the Cal Township Multi- Purpose Center, Genesis Center, courthouse, critical facilities, and other public buildings Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Retrofit critical facilities with structural design practices and equipment that will withstand natural disasters and offer weather-proofing. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Fire Medium The City EMA will oversee the implementation of this project. Local resources will be used to identify the required structures to be hardened. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the pre-disaster mitigation program and community development grants are possible funding sources. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within three years. Conduct a commodity flow study Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Hazmat Low Community planners and local government leaders will coordinate this study. Funding will be requested from community grants or IDHS. Implementation will begin within five years. Distribute weather radios to schools Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Tornado, Thunderstorm, Flood, Earthquake, Winter Storm Low The City EMA will oversee implementation of this project. Local resources will be used to determine how many radios are needed and when/where to distribute them. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community grants are an option. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within five years. Revise and strengthen mutual aid agreements between the City and Calumet Township Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials Winter Storm, Hazmat Low The EMA director will work with Cal Township officials to establish the agreement. If resources are available, implementation will begin within five years. Town of Griffith The Town of Griffith is located in northwest Lake County. Flooding is a main concern, and one of the top projects discussed in the mitigation brainstorming session on February 26, 2010 was separation of stormwater and sanitary sewer lines; many homes in the town have sump pumps connected to the sewer lines. Additional strategies are described in Table 6-11. The mitigation strategies will be used in future land use planning. Minutes from the brainstorming session are in Appendix A. Table 6-11: Griffith Mitigation Strategies Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Develop an evacuation plan for hazardous materials spills Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Review and update existing community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. Hazmat Complete The Town has evacuations plans in place. Establish adequate sheltering in the town Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Complete The Town has identified schools as shelters and developed plans with Red Cross, church groups, school administrators, and local volunteers. Institute a mass notification system Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Complete The Town implemented a Call1 system after its recent tornado. Distribute weather radios to schools and police dispatch center Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Tornado, Thunderstorm, Flood, Earthquake, Winter Storm Complete The Town has successfully completed this strategy. Install generators in critical facilities Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in community. Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm In Progress Griffith is currently installing natural gas generators in all fire stations. Upgrade existing and install new warning sirens Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm In Progress Upgrades, including backup battery systems, are in progress. Assess and upgrade drainage system along N. Broad St. from 45th to Ridge Rd and along W. Main St from Elgin to Kennedy Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High The Town will work with the County and INDOT to implement this project. Funding as not been secured as of 2010, but INDOT and IDNR are potential sources. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within one year. Conduct a sewer upgrade to separate stormwater and sanitary sewer lines Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High The Town Board will work with INDOT and IDNR to evaluate the current conditions of the community’s sewer system and develop a plan. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but county, state, and federal funding will be sought. Implementation will begin within low years. Conduct a study to review levee infrastructure; existing levee does not meet certification standards due to pipes running through levee walls Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Flood High The Town Board and surveyor will work with IDNR to conduct this study. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but IDHS and IDNR are possible sources. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within one year. Harden all three fire stations and the police station Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Retrofit critical facilities with structural design practices and equipment that will withstand natural disasters and offer weather-proofing. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm High The Town Board will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the pre-disaster mitigation program and community development grants are possible funding sources. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within one year. Conduct a commodity flow study Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Hazmat Medium Community planners and local government leaders will coordinate this study. Funding will be requested from community grants or IDHS. Implementation will begin within three years. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Develop a public education program to explain hazards affecting the town Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire In Progress The Town is in the process of creating an emergency handout that will be mailed to all residents. Conduct stream maintenance Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Flood Ongoing The Town has an ongoing program to maintain streams and ditches. There is currently a federal project in progress for Cady Marsh Ditch. Trim trees to minimize the amount/duration of power outages Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Winter Storm Ongoing Griffith has an existing tree trimming plan for its parks; NIPSCO handles other areas within the community. Lake CountyMulti-Hazard Mitigation PlanAdopted:October2010 Mitigation ItemGoals and Objects SatisfiedHazards AddressedPriorityCommentsBury new powerlinesGoal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructureObjective: Minimize the amount ofinfrastructure exposed to hazards. Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter StormMediumThe Town planning teamwill oversee this project and develop an ordinance to require new power lines to be buried. Local resourceswill be used to develop and publicize the ordinance. Implementation will begin within three years. Develop a database of specialneeds populationsGoal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the communityObjective: Conduct newstudies/research to profile hazardsand followup with mitigation strategies. Winter StormMediumThe Town Board will workwith utilitycompanies and healthcare staff to identifythe population. Localresourceswill be used to create the database. Implementation will begin within three years. Installinertialvalves at criticalfacilitiesGoal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructureObjective: Retrofit critical facilitieswith structural design practices and equipment that will withstand natural disasters and offerweather-proofing. EarthquakeLowThe Town Board will oversee implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and communitygrants are an option. If funding isavailable, implementation will begin within five years. CityofHammond The City of Hammond is located in northwestLake County. Floodingisthemain concern forHammond. Completion of the LittleCal Projectwill significantly improve current conditions. In2007, Hammond partnered with ChristopherB. Burke Engineering, Ltd to completea multi- hazard mitigation plan for the city. Thestrategies in Table 6-12are updates of those created forthe city MHMP.Themitigation strategies will be used in future land use planning. Table6-12:Hammond Mitigation Strategies Mitigation ItemGoals and Objects SatisfiedHazards AddressedPriorityCommentsConduct a sewerupgrade to separate stormwater and sanitary sewer linesGoal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructureObjective: Minimize the amount ofinfrastructure exposed to hazards. FloodCompleteThe Cityhas implemented a citywide SewerModeling Project. Develop a flood preparedness and response planGoal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the communityObjective: Review and update existing community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. FloodCompleteThe City currently has a response plan in place for flooding. Enforce codesrequiring mobile homes to have tie- downsGoal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the communityObjective: Review and update existing community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. Tornado, ThunderstormCompleteThe Cityof Hammond hasmeasures in place to certify that mobile homes meet manufacturer’s minimuminstallation requirements. Maintain channelsand storm sewers to reduce localized floodingGoal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructureObjective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportationabilities of emergency servicesthroughout the community. FloodOngoingThe Cityof Hammond hasongoingdebris maintenance in progress. Page 182of303 Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Conduct detailed flood studies to determine Base Flood Elevations for waterways connected to Lake Michigan Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Review and update existing, or create new, community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. Flood Ongoing The City has completed most of its flood studies and is in the progress of finishing studies for Lake George and Wolf Lake. Restrict development within the 100- and 500-year floodplains Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Review and update existing, or create new, community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. Flood Ongoing The City does not allow new development in the floodplains. Enhance coordination and collaboration between the City of Hammond and Red Cross of Northwest Indiana Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Ongoing The City of Hammond continues to improve its relationship with Red Cross. This is an ongoing project. Increase number of personnel who are certified to OSHA III Technician Level Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials. Hazmat Ongoing All fire fighters are trained to the Awareness in Operations Level. The fire departments will use local resources to continue to train more to the Technician level. Update and enhance HAZUS-MH with local GIS data to improve future HAZUS-MH modeling Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Flood/Levee Failure High DPW will oversee implementation of this project. Funding will come from local resources, the PDM program, and FEMA. If funding is available, implementation will begin within one year. Develop an education program informing property owners within the “Levee Protection Zone” that their properties are still at risk from flooding Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Flood/Levee Failure High DPW and City EMA will oversee implementation of this project. Local resources and FEMA funding will be used. If funding is available, implementation will begin within one year. Participate in the Community Rating System Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Support compliance with the NFIP. Flood High DPW (Stormwater), Zoning Department, and IDNR oversee the implementation of the project. Local resources and FEMA will be used for funding. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Install a warning siren near the intersection of I-94 and Indianapolis Boulevard Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm High The City EMA oversees the implementation of the project. Local resources will be used to evaluate, install, and maintain the warning systems. Additional funding will be sought from other funding sources, e.g. PDM program, to expand the warning system coverage area. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Adopt a resolution requiring Weather Alert Radios in municipally owned critical facilities. Promote Weather Alert Radios to all non-municipally owned critical facilities and all other City residents and businesses. Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Review and update existing community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Fire High The City EMA and first responders will oversee implementation of this project. Local resources will be used to create the ordinance; FEMA will be approached for funding the radios. Implementation will begin within one year. Establish public outreach programs to educate residents on the hazards affecting the City Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The City has already begun a program in which it distributes manuals. With the help of schools and healthcare facilities, The City EMA will improve the program to offer more information and reach wider audiences. Local resources will be used for funding. If funding and resources are available, implementation will begin within one year. Develop and implement a voluntary immunization program for first responders Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials Tornado, Thunderstorm, Flood, Earthquake, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The Plan Commission will coordinate with first responders to develop this plan. Local resources and the CDC will be used for funding. If funding and resources are available, implementation will begin within one year. Trim trees to minimize the amount/duration of power outages Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Tornado, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm High The NIPSCO and DPW will oversee implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the Town will coordinate with NIPSCO to increase the funding of tree maintenance. If funding is available, implementation will begin within five years. Procure back-up generators for critical facilities Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Medium Many of Hammond's critical facilities have generators. DPW and police and fire departments will coordinate an effort to procure generators for the remaining critical facilities. Funding will be sought from the PDM program and community grants. Implementation will begin within three years. Develop a "Good Neighbor Program" to encourage residents to maintain contact with their neighbors during emergencies Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Medium The City EMA will coordinate this effort. Local resources will be used for funding. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Establish safe rooms in all community buildings Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Medium The Plan Commission and Zoning Department will oversee the implementation of this project. Local resources and FEMA and IDHS grants will be sought to procure the materials. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within three years. 2009 Riverfront Development District; Source: Redevelopment District Town of Highland The Town of Highland is located in northwest Lake County. Highland is currently completing a riverfront redevelopment project that will ensure the community’s sustainability. The mitigation brainstorming session on January 12, 2010 identified urban flooding as a main concern, and the following strategies seek to mitigate potential flooding to protect the new development, as well as existing structures. The mitigation strategies will be used in future land use planning. Minutes from the brainstorming session are in Appendix A. Table 6-13: Highland Mitigation Strategies Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Establish stormwater retention ordinance for new development Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Review and update existing community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. Flood Complete The Town has completed this project. Develop an LEPC Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials. Hazmat Complete The Town of Highland has an active LEPC. Harden and improve dike Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Complete The Town has successfully hardened the dike. Flood-proof flood stations along the levee and provide with generators Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Retrofit critical facilities with structural design practices and equipment that will withstand natural disasters and offer weather-proofing. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Complete The Town has successfully completed this project. Repair storm sewers Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High The Public Works Director will work with INDOT and IDNR to evaluate the current conditions of the community’s sewer system and develop a plan. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but county, state, and federal funding will be sought. Implementation will begin within three years. Complete a watershed study Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Flood High The Town Public Works Director and surveyor will work with IDEM to conduct this study. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but IDEM is a possible source. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within one year. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Construct retention ponds to reduce localized flooding Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High The Town Public Works Director will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but INDOT is a possible funding source. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within one year. Replace culverts near Spring Creek Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High The Town Public Works Director will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but INDOT is a possible funding source. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within one year. Institute a buy-out plan for two homes along Cady Marsh Ditch Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Support compliance with the NFIP. Flood High The Town Building Commissioner oversees the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010 but will be sought from funding sources such as IDHS. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Purchase generators for Lincoln Center and Town Hall Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The Town Fire Chief/Emergency Management Director oversees the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010 but will be sought from funding sources such as IDHS. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Strengthen mutual aid response agreements Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials Winter Storm, Hazmat High The Fire Chief/Emergency Management Director will work with local resources to strengthen the agreements. If resources are available, implementation will begin within one year. Conduct stream maintenance on Little Cal River Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Flood Medium The Town Public Works Director will oversee this project. IDHS and IDNR are potential funding sources. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Elevate Kennedy overpass and Cline Ave Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Medium The Town Engineer will oversee this project, working with highway departments and the County Surveyor. INDOT, IDHS, and IDNR are potential funding sources. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Install inertial valves and backflow valves at critical facilities Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Retrofit critical facilities with structural design practices and equipment that will withstand natural disasters and offer weather-proofing. Flood, Earthquake Medium The Town Fire Chief/Emergency Management Director will oversee implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community grants are an option. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Conduct a commodity flow study Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Hazmat Medium Community planners and local government leaders will coordinate this study. Funding will be requested from community grants or IDHS. Implementation will begin within three years. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Combine the fire department, police department, and town hall into a new EOC Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in community Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Medium The Town Fire Chief/Emergency Management Director will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but local resources and the pre-disaster mitigation program and community development grants are possible funding sources. Implementation of this project will begin within three years. Establish safe rooms in public buildings Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in community. Tornado, Thunderstorm Medium The Fire Chief/Emergency Management Director will work with local shelters, schools, healthcare facilities, and first responders to identify locations to establish safe rooms. The Town may opt to conduct an engineering study to determine best locations. The PDM program or local resources are funding options. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Conduct a study to evaluate bridge structures, especially on Kennedy Ave and Cline Ave Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Earthquake Low The Town Fire Chief/Emergency Management Director will work with INDOT to implement this study. Local resources will also be used. If funding is available, implementation will begin within five years. Follow up on implementation of Nixle notification system Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat Low The Town Fire Chief/Emergency Management Director will work with first responders to oversee this project. Local resources will be used to test the system and FEMA funding will be sought to advertise to the public. If resources are available, implementation will begin within five years Distribute weather radios to residents in mobile homes, nursing homes, and assisted living facilities Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Tornado, Thunderstorm, Flood, Earthquake, Winter Storm Low The Town Fire Chief/Emergency Management Director will oversee implementation of this project. Local resources will be used to determine how many radios are needed and when/where to distribute them. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community grants are an option. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within five years. Purchase new snow removal equipment and pre-treatment equipment and supplies Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Winter Storm Low The Town Fire Chief/Emergency Management Director will oversee this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community development grants are a possibility. If funding is available, implementation will begin within five years. City of Hobart The City of Hobart is located in northeast Lake County, near three major highways—I-65, I- 80/94, and U.S. 30—therefore, hazardous materials releases are of special concern to the community. A brainstorming session was held on January 12, 2010 to discuss mitigation strategies. The mitigation strategies will be used in future land use planning. The strategies are listed in Table 6-14, and minutes from the brainstorming session are in Appendix A. Table 6-14: Hobart Mitigation Strategies Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Purchase new snow removal equipment and pre-treatment equipment and supplies Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Winter Storm Complete The City has good snow equipment. Assess and upgrade the City’s drainage infrastructure Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood In Progress The City is working on a stormwater master planning effort to begin the process of designing engineered solutions to mitigate stormwater impact on streets and neighborhoods. Rebuild the community center Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Retrofit critical facilities and structures with structural design practices and equipment that will withstand natural disasters and offer weather-proofing. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire In Progress This project is in progress and almost complete. Funding may be required for a generator so that the center can function as a shelter. Replace damaged culverts Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Ongoing The City has a program to maintain culverts as needed. Bury new power lines Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Ongoing The City has an ordinance requiring new power lines to be buried. Reduce inflow and infiltration into the sanitary sewers throughout the City under the Hobart Sanitary District’s jurisdiction Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High The Hobart Sanitary District (HSD) is beginning to implement projects to significantly reduce and/or eliminate stormwater I&I into the sanitary lines. Funding for various projects will be pursued through all government agencies offering assistance for such efforts. Implementation will begin within one year. Procure back-up generator/transfer switch for City Hall Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The City EMA will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the pre-disaster mitigation program and community development grants are possible funding sources. If funding is available, this project is forecasted to begin within one year. Institute an FM early warning system Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat High The City EMA oversees the implementation of the project. Funding will be sought from IDHS and FEMA. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Acquire land for construction of detention ponds to mitigate stormwater impact on neighborhoods, lakes, and rivers. Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood Medium The City EMA and HSD will oversee this project. Funding will be sought from government agencies offering assistance with this effort including USACE, IDNR, and INDOT. Implementation will begin within three years. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Develop an EAP for Lake George and complete any necessary repairs to reduce chances of overtopping Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Medium The EMA director will work with IDNR and local first responders to develop an EAP. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but local resources and community grants are an option. Implementation will begin within three years. Establish public outreach programs to educate residents on the hazards affecting the City; establish Are You Ready? Packets Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Medium The City will work with schools and healthcare facilities to establish the program and reach wider audiences. Local resources and FEMA will be used for funding. If funding and resources are available, implementation will begin within three years. Install additional warning sirens Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Low The City EMA oversees the implementation of the project. Funding will be sought from IDHS and FEMA. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within five years. City of Lake Station The City of Lake Station is located in northeast Lake County. Lake Station recently received a $500,000 grant for the buy-out of approximately 70 structures in the Riverside area. A brainstorming session was held on January 12, 2010 to discuss this and other mitigation strategies. The mitigation strategies will be used in future land use planning. The strategies are listed in Table 6-15, and minutes from the brainstorming session are in Appendix A. Table 6-15: Lake Station Mitigation Strategies Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Purchase a sewer camera for inspection Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Complete The City has a sewer camera and truck. Distribute weather radios to all schools Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Tornado, Thunderstorm, Flood, Earthquake, Winter Storm Complete All Lake Station schools have weather radios. Repair broken or damaged culverts Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood In Progress The City EMA will oversee the implementation of this project. Construction has begun at I-80/94 Burns Ditch. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but INDOT is a possible funding source. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within one year. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Construct a new EOC Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire In Progress Lake Station is constructing a new City Hall to house the Mayor, police, and fire and ambulance stations. Institute a buy-outs in the Riverside area Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Support compliance with the NFIP for each jurisdiction in community. Flood Ongoing The City received a $500K grant to complete buy-outs for this area, but there are a number of other areas that need to be bought out. Additional funding will be sought from IDHS and FEMA. Implementation will begin within one year. Restrict development within the 100- and 500- year floodplains Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Review and update existing community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. Flood Ongoing The City does not allow new development in the floodplain. Improve critical portable water facilities with backup generators, buried service lines, SCADA, additional monitoring/sampling points, additional pumps, improved chemical containment, etc. Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High Government leaders, City Engineer, and PWD will oversee implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Upgrade existing and install new warning sirens and educate the public about the siren alerts Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Fire High The City EMA oversees the implementation of the project. Local resources will be used to evaluate, install, and maintain the warning systems. Additional funding will be sought from other funding sources, e.g. PDM program, to expand the warning system coverage area. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Implement new plans for public education including distribution of door- to-door flyers Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The City EMA will work with area schools, healthcare facilities, and businesses to implement this project. Funding will be sought from local sources and FEMA. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within one year. Procure emergency generators for schools Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in community. Tornado, Thunderstorm, Flood, Earthquake, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The City EMA will work with schools to oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the pre-disaster mitigation program and community development grants are possible funding sources. If funding is available, this project is forecasted to begin within one year. Institute Rapid Notification System Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the county. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High Government leaders, Police and Fire Departments will oversee the implementation of the project. Local resources will be used to install and maintain the system. Additional funding will be sought from other funding sources. If funding is available, this project is forecasted to being within one year. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Develop and implement a Voluntary Immunization Program for first responders Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate the community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials. Flood High Government leaders, Police, Fire, EMS, and Public Works Departments will oversee the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, this project will begin within one year. Establish a Swift Water Response Team Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the county. Flood High Government leaders, Police, Fire, and EMS Departments will oversee the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, this project will begin within one year. Assess and upgrade sanitary system Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High The City Engineer and Sanitary Board will oversee the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, this project will begin within one year. Procure emergency portable pumps Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood High The City Engineer, Sanitary Board, Board of Public Works and Public Work Department will oversee the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, implementation will begin within one year. Procure a vactor truck Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood High The City Engineer, Sanitary Board, Board of Public Works and Public Work Department will oversee the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, implementation will begin within one year. Develop and implement an EMA/CERT program; educate, train, and acquire appropriate equipment for emergency personnel to support emergency response agencies Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate the community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High Government leaders, Police, Fire, and EMS Departments will oversee the implementation of the program. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, this program will begin within one year. Establish an Emergency Response Command Center to secure centralized communication during an emergency situation Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the county. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The City Police, Fire, EMS, and Public Works Departments will oversee the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, this project will begin within one year. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Establish a first response hazmat team, conduct appropriate training, and procure equipment Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate the community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials Hazmat High Currently some members of the Fire Department are trained in hazmat response, but the City will seek state and federal funding to be able to establish a full hazmat team. If funding is available, implementation will begin within one year. Complete a detailed flood study of Deep River, Little Calumet River, and Burns Ditch Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Flood High The City Engineer will work with IDNR and the USACE to oversee the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, this project will begin within one year. Purchase equipment for fire response during flood events Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood High The City Fire Department will oversee the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, this project will begin within one year. Purchase additional equipment for first responders including pumper and ladder truck for the fire department and two ambulances for EMS Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The City Fire Department will oversee the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, this project will begin within one year. Implement a program for public education regarding hazard preparedness Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate the community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High Government leaders and the Fire Department will oversee the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, this project will begin within one year. Install warning sirens Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the county. Tornado, Thunderstorm High Government leaders and the City Engineer will oversee the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, implementation will begin within one year. Procure emergency generators for all critical facilities Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in the community. Tornado, Thunderstorm, Flood, Earthquake, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High Government leaders and the Public Works Department will oversee the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, implementation will begin within one year. Elevate roads that frequently flood: Wyoming St; 23rd and 24th at Colorado; 28th Ave; east of Clay, North of Central; 4000 block off of Hwy 51; Old Hobart Rd North Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Medium The City EMA will oversee this project, working with highway departments. INDOT, IDHS, and IDNR are potential funding sources. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Install inertial valves and backflow valves at critical facilities Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Retrofit critical facilities with structural design practices and equipment that will withstand natural disasters and offer weather-proofing. Flood, Earthquake Medium The City EMA will oversee implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community grants are an option. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Purchase lightning protection systems for key municipal and critical infrastructure Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Retrofit critical facilities with structural design practices and equipment that will withstand natural disasters and offer weather-proofing. Flood, Thunderstorm Medium The City will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the pre-disaster mitigation program and community development grants are possible funding sources. Implementation of this project will begin within three years. Purchase new snow removal equipment and pre-treatment equipment and supplies Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Winter Storm Medium The City EMA will oversee this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community development grants are a possibility. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Assess and upgrade stormwater system Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Medium The City Engineer will oversee the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, this project will begin within three years. Bury power lines Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Tornado, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Medium Government leader, City Engineer, and Advisory Plan Commission will oversee this project and develop necessary ordinance(s) to require new and relocated power lines to be buried. Local resources will be used to develop and publicize the ordinance(s) Implementation will begin within three years. Procure new and/or upgrade existing fire hydrants Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Medium The City Engineer, Fire Department and Public Works Department will oversee the implementation of the project. Local resources will be used to install and maintain the system. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, this project will begin within one year. Improve critical potable water facilities Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Retrofit critical facilities with structural design practices and equipment that will withstand natural disasters and offer weather-proofing. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Medium Government leaders, City Engineer and Public Works Department will oversee the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, this project will begin within three years. Conduct a commodity flow study Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Hazmat Medium Government leaders and the Fire Department will oversee the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, this project will begin within three years. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Construct a new water tower for storage and pressure on the west side of town Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Fire Medium Government leaders, City Engineer and Public Works Department will oversee the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, this project will begin within three years. Conduct a detailed study to review levee infrastructure Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Flood Medium The City Engineer will work with the USACE to oversee the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, this project will begin within three years. Map pipeline locations in the community Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Hazmat Medium The City Engineer and Fire Department will oversee the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, this project will begin within three years. Develop an emergency snow vehicle fleet Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the county. Winter Storm Medium Government leaders, Police, Fire, EMS, and Public Works Departments will oversee the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, this project will begin within three years. Update the evacuation plan for hazardous materials spills Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Review and update existing community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. Hazmat Low The City EMA and Plan Commission will oversee the implementation of this project. Local resources will be used to develop the plans. Implementation will begin within five years. Harden the Boys and Girls Club to make it an effective shelter Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Low The City EMA will oversee the implementation of this project. Local resources and IDHS grants will be sought to procure the materials. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within five years. Trim trees to minimize the amount/duration of power outages; need bucket truck Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Winter Storm Low The City EMA will oversee implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program, INDOT, or IDHS are possibilities. If funding is available, implementation will begin within five years. Assess and construct a second point for Ingress/Egress for the C.S.L. & INV. CO's Liverpool addition Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Low The City Engineer will work INDOT and IDNR to oversee the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, this project will begin within five years. Construct an animal shelter Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Low Government leaders will oversee the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but city, state, and federal funding will be sought. If funding is available, implementation will begin within five years. Town of Lowell The Town of Lowell is located in south central Lake County. Lowell’s location makes it particularly vulnerable to flooding from failed levees and dams. In 2008, much of downtown Lowell was underwater as a result of Cedar Creek Dam overtopping. A brainstorming session was held on January 12, 2010 to discuss other mitigation strategies. The mitigation strategies will be used in future land use planning. The strategies are listed in Table 6-16, and minutes from the brainstorming session are in Appendix A. Table 6-16: Lowell Mitigation Strategies Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Establish public outreach programs to educate residents on the hazards affecting the town Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Ongoing The Town distributes public education literature at Red Cross and in first response buildings. Conduct a study to determine potential buy-out properties Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Support compliance with the NFIP for each jurisdiction in community. Flood High The Town Board oversees the implementation of the project. Local resources will be used to determine potential buy-out areas. Additional funding will be sought from funding sources such as IDHS. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Procure sandbagging equipment Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood High The Town first responders will oversee implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but Lowell will seek funds from IDHS and community grants. Implementation will begin within one year. Install three additional warning sirens Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm High The Town fire departments oversee the implementation of the project. Funding will be sought from IDHS and FEMA. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Purchase new generators for critical facilities Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The Town Board will oversee this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the pre-disaster mitigation program and community development grants are possible funding sources. If funding is available, this project is forecasted to begin within one year. Conduct a watershed study Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Flood Medium The Town will work with state resources to complete the study. Funding will be sought from state and federal sources. Implementation will begin within three years. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Purchase portable pumps for flooding Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood Medium The Town first responders will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the pre-disaster mitigation program and community development grants are possible funding sources. If funding is available, this project is forecasted to begin within three years. Conduct a study to determine shelter capacity in the town Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat Medium The Town Board will work with local shelters to complete this project and will perhaps use HAZUS-MH. If additional shelters or supplies are needed, the PDM program or local resources are funding options. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Repair older and damaged bridges Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Retrofit critical facilities and structures with structural design practices and equipment that will withstand natural disasters and offer weather-proofing. Tornado, Thunderstorm, Flood, Earthquake Medium The Town Planners will work with INDOT and local highway department to oversee implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but INDOT is an option. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Elevate 205th and Monon Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Low The Town Planners will oversee this project, working with highway departments. INDOT, IDHS, and IDNR are potential funding sources. If funding is available, implementation will begin within five years. Upgrade EMS equipment and provide more training to first responders Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Low The Town relies heavily on the County for hazmat help especially. The Town first responders will request funding for training and equipment from IDHS. If funding is available, implementation will begin within five years. Establish an emergency vehicle fleet (4WD, snowmobile, water craft) Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Flood, Winter Storm Low The Town Board will coordinate this project. Local resources will be used to survey the availability and create a database. Funding may be sought from FEMA and IDHS. Implementation will begin within five years. Conduct a commodity flow study Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Hazmat Low Community planners and local government leaders will coordinate this study. Funding will be requested from community grants or IDHS. Implementation will begin within five years. Map pipeline locations in the community Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Hazmat Low The Town will work with the County Surveyor to implement this project. Local resources will be used for funding. If funding is available, implementation will begin within five years. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Bury new power lines Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Low The Town Board, municipalities, and utility companies will oversee the implementation of this project. Local and corporate resources will be used to prioritize power lines and bury them. The project is forecasted to be complete within approximately five years. Implement a program for distribution of weather radios to the public at a reduced cost Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Low The Town Board will oversee the implementation of this project. Local resources will be used for research and funding. Implementation will begin within five years. Develop underground water stores Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Low The Town Board will oversee this project. Funding will be sought from local, state, and federal sources. Implementation will begin within five years. Harden fire station to make it an effective shelter Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in community Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Low The Town and Fire Department will oversee implementation of this project. Local resources and IDHS grants will be sought to procure the materials. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within five years. Town of Merrillville The Town of Merrillville is located in central Lake County. Merrillville is primarily residential so public safety is of major concern. According to the planning team, the most significant hazard threatening public safety is flooding relating to sewer backup. A brainstorming session was held on January 12, 2010 to discuss other mitigation strategies. The mitigation strategies will be used in future land use planning. The strategies are listed in Table 5-6, and minutes from the brainstorming session are in Appendix A. Table 6-17: Merrillville Mitigation Strategies Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Use local radio station for weather announcements Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Complete The Town has a radio station for communication with the public. Establish shelters in the town Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Complete The Town Hall is established as a shelter. Work with neighboring communities to improve sewer backup; add capacity to Town's sewer system Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High The Town Planners will work with INDOT and IDNR to evaluate the current conditions of the community’s sewer system and develop a plan. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but county, state, and federal funding will be sought. Implementation will begin within one year. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Replace existing or install new culverts in the following areas: Broadway, Beaver Dam Ditch, Turkey Creek Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High Town Planners and DPW will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but INDOT is a possible funding source. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within one year. Procure more equipment for volunteer fire departments Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High Currently Merrillville relies on the County to provide first responders in many situations. The Town needs to better equip its volunteer firefighters. Funding will be sought from community grants and local resources. If funding is available, implementation will begin within one year. Install additional warning sirens Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm High The Town has four sirens but needs more coverage. DPW and Town Planners will coordinate this effort. Funding will be sought from FEMA and IDHS. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Assess and upgrade drainage system along major roadways Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Medium DPW will work with the INDOT to implement this project. Funding as not been secured as of 2010, but INDOT and IDNR are potential sources. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within three years. Elevate roads in the southeast quadrant of the town Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Medium Town Planners will oversee this project, working with highway departments. INDOT, IDHS, and IDNR are potential funding sources. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Construct a retention pond in the northern part of town Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Medium Town engineers and DPW will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but IDHS is a possible funding source. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within three years. Implement a mass notification system such as Nixle Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Medium Town Planners and DPW oversee the implementation of the project. Funding will be sought from IDHS and FEMA. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within three years. Purchase new snow removal equipment and pre-treatment equipment and supplies Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Winter Storm Medium DPW will oversee this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community development grants are a possibility. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Distribute literature advising that residents, schools, healthcare facilities, and other critical facilities bolt bookshelves to walls and secure water heaters Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Earthquake Low The Planning Department will work with schools, healthcare facilities, and public officials to create and distribute the literature. Local resources will be used for funding. If funding is available, implementation will begin within five years. Town of Munster The Town of Munster is located in northwest Lake County. Flooding is absolutely the highest concern, and Munster was hit particularly hard by the 2008 flooding. Completion of the Little Cal Project will significantly reduce the town’s vulnerability to flooding. Winter weather is also a common hazard to affect the community. The following map shows the town’s snow routes. A brainstorming session was held on January 12, 2010 to discuss other mitigation strategies. The mitigation strategies will be used in future land use planning. The strategies are listed in Table 6- 18, and minutes from the brainstorming session are in Appendix A. Figure 6-5: Munster Snow Routes Table 6-18: Munster Mitigation Strategies Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Procure back-up generators for critical facilities Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Complete The Town has back-up generators in its critical facilities. Establish a CERT program Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Complete The Town has a CERT program. Establish a mutual aid response agreement Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials Hazmat, Fire Complete The Town of Munster has agreements with Lake County Fire Association and County Hazmat team. Bury new power lines Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Complete The Town has an ordinance in place requiring new lines to be buried. Purchase generators for all lift stations Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Prevent flooding in community. Flood Ongoing/ High The Town has installed some generators at lift stations but not all. It is a high priority to complete installation of back-up generators of all lift stations. Distribute a newsletter for public education regarding potential hazards facing the town Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Ongoing The Town currently distributes literature on a regular basis. Conduct a study to evaluate bridge infrastructure at Northcote Ave Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Ongoing The Town has completed the study and needs funding to implement improvements. Funding will be sought from INDOT, IDNR, IDHS, and FEMA. Implementation will begin within one year. Conduct a sewer upgrade to separate stormwater and sanitary sewer lines north of Ridge Road Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High DPW will work with INDOT and IDNR to evaluate the current conditions of the community’s sewer system and develop a plan. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but county, state, and federal funding will be sought. Implementation will begin within one year. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Institute a buy-out plan for 35 homes behind the levee; convert to green space Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Support compliance with the NFIP. Flood High The Plan Commission oversees the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010 but will be sought from funding sources such as IDHS. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Formalize a wide area evacuation plan, e.g. hospital evacuation Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Review and update existing community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. Hazmat High The Plan Commission and first responders will work with local and state agencies to develop a plan. Funding will be sought from federal and state sources. If funding is available, implementation will begin within one year. Follow up on implementation of Nixle notification system Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The Town's first responders will oversee this project. Local resources will be used to test the system and federal funding will be sought to advertise to the public. If resources are available, implementation will begin within one year. Conduct stream maintenance in Harts Ditch Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Flood Medium DPW will oversee this project. IDHS and IDNR are potential funding sources. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Complete a watershed study Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Flood Medium The Town engineers will work with state agencies to complete the study. State and federal funding will be sought. Implementation will begin within three years. Elevate roads that frequently flood Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Medium DPW will oversee this project, working with highway departments. INDOT, IDHS, and IDNR are potential funding sources. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Install inertial valves and backflow valves at critical facilities Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Retrofit critical facilities with structural design practices and equipment that will withstand natural disasters and offer weather-proofing. Flood, Earthquake Medium DPW will oversee implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community grants are an option. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Improve training and equipment of first responders to the operational level Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials Hazmat Medium The Town Fire Chiefs will work with the Plan Commission to oversee this project. Funding for training and equipment will be sought from IDHS and local resources. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Upgrade existing warning sirens and complete installation of lightning detection systems at parks Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Medium The Plan Commission and DPW oversee the implementation of the project. Funding will be sought from IDHS and community grants. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within three years. Establish warming centers with supplies (one in north; one in south) Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in community. Winter Storm Medium The Plan Commission will work with American Red Cross to establish the shelter. The PDM program or local resources are funding options for supplies. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Purchase new snow removal equipment and pre- treatment equipment and supplies Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Winter Storm Medium DPW will oversee this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community development grants are a possibility. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Distribute literature advising that residents, schools, healthcare facilities, and other critical facilities bolt bookshelves to walls and secure water heaters Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Earthquake Low The Plan Commission will work with schools, healthcare facilities, and public officials to create and distribute the literature. Local resources and FEMA will be used for funding. If funding is available, implementation will begin within five years. Establish an FM station to alert the public of weather announcements Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Low The Town Community Development Department will oversee this project. Local resources will be used, and additional funding may be sought from the state. Implementation will begin within five years. Develop an evacuation plan for domestic animals Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Review and update existing community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Low The Plan Commission will work with area shelters to develop an agreement. Local resources will be used. Implementation will begin within five years. Develop a program to distribute weather radios to all critical facilities, especially nursing homes and schools Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood, Tornado, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Low The Plan Commission will oversee implementation of this project. Local resources will be used to determine how many radios are needed and when/where to distribute them. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community grants are an option. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within five years. Trim trees to minimize the amount/duration of power outages Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Winter Storm Low DPW will work with NIPSCO to trim trees more often. Local resources and community grants will be used for funding. Implementation will begin within five years. Town of New Chicago The Town of New Chicago is located in northeast Lake County. It is only one square mile in land area and relies primarily on Lake County resources for hazard incidents. A brainstorming session was held on January 11, 2010 to discuss other mitigation strategies. The mitigation strategies will be used in future land use planning. The strategies are listed in Table 6-19, and minutes from the brainstorming session are in Appendix A. Table 6-19: New Chicago Mitigation Strategies Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Conduct a sewer upgrade to separate stormwater and sanitary sewer lines Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High The EMA director will work with INDOT and IDNR to evaluate the current conditions of the community’s sewer system and develop a plan. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but county, state, and federal funding will be sought. Implementation will begin within one year. Install a warning siren on the fire station Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm High The Town EMA oversees the implementation of the project. Funding will be sought from IDHS and FEMA. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Construct a new EOC to be combined with Central dispatch and fire station; current building is out of date regarding building codes Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The Town EMA will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the pre-disaster mitigation program and community development grants are possible funding sources. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within one year. Develop an evacuation plan for hazardous materials spills Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Review and update existing community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. Hazmat Medium The Town EMA will oversee the implementation of this project. Local resources will be used to develop the plans. Implementation will begin within three years. Purchase new snow removal equipment and pre-treatment equipment and supplies Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Winter Storm Medium The Town EMA will oversee this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community development grants are a possibility. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Purchase new fire hydrants Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Earthquake, Hazmat, Fire Low The Town EMA will oversee this project. Funding will be sought from community grants and local resources. Implementation will begin within five years. Town of Schererville The Town of Schererville is located in northwest Lake County. Much of the flooding in the community is located along streets that pass through residential areas. Mitigation strategies were recorded to reflect this issue in a meeting held on February 26, 2010. The mitigation strategies will be used in future land use planning. The strategies are listed in Table 6-20, and minutes from the brainstorming session are in Appendix A. Table 6-20: Schererville Mitigation Strategies Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Address localized flooding at Fountain Park Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Complete The Town has successfully completed this project. Bury new power lines Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Complete The Town requires all new lines to be buried. Upgrade existing and install new warning sirens Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Complete Schererville has adequate outdoor warning sirens for the existing population Complete a watershed study Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Flood In Progress Phase I completed in October 2009; Phase II of the study is in progress. Purchase new snow removal equipment and pre- treatment equipment and supplies Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Winter Storm Ongoing The Town has agreements in place with contractors. Replace sewer truck Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood High DPW will oversee implementation of this project. Local, state, and federal funds will be sought. Implementation will begin within one year. Institute a buy-out plan for properties along Turkey Creek, Kennedy Ave, Summer St, and Starlight Dr. Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Support compliance with the NFIP. Flood High The Town Administration oversees the implementation of the project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010 but will be sought from funding sources such as IDHS. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Harden critical facilities, especially fire stations and schools; currently, only dispatch is hardened Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Retrofit critical facilities with structural design practices and equipment that will withstand natural disasters and offer weather-proofing. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The Town Administration will oversee the implementation of this project. Local resources will be used to identify the required structures to be hardened. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the pre- disaster mitigation program and community development grants are possible funding sources. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within one year. Procure generators for fire stations and lift stations Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The Town Administration will work with first responders to oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but local resources are possible funding sources. If funding is available, this project is forecasted to begin within one year. Establish public outreach programs to educate residents on the hazards affecting the Town Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The Town will work with schools and healthcare facilities to establish a program. Local resources and FEMA will be used for funding. If funding and resources are available, implementation will begin within one year. Assess and upgrade drainage systems along Kennedy Ave and Eagle Ridge Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Medium DPW will work with the INDOT to implement this project. Funding as not been secured as of 2010, but INDOT and IDNR are potential sources. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within three years. Repair damaged dike located off Rohrman Rd. Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Medium DPW will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but IDNR is a possible funding source. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within three years. Retrofit bridge at railroad intersection (U.S. 41 and U.S. 30) to improve drainage issues Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Retrofit critical facilities and structures with structural design practices and equipment that will withstand natural disasters and offer weather-proofing. Flood Medium DPW will oversee this project. Possible funding sources include DNR, IDHS, and FEMA. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within three years. Conduct a commodity flow study Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Hazmat Medium The Town Planning and Building Department and Town engineers will coordinate this study. Funding will be requested from community grants or IDHS. Implementation will begin within three years. Develop an alternative communication center as backup Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Low The Town first responders will coordinate this effort. Local resources will be used to set up the communication center. Additional funding may be sought from state and federal sources. Implementation will begin within five years. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Update evacuation plan for hazardous materials spills Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Review and update existing community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. Hazmat Low The Town Emergency Operations Committee will work with first responders to oversee the implementation of this project. Local resources will be used to develop the plans. Implementation will begin within five years. Implement the Town AM Radio System for hazmat spill alerts Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Hazmat Low The Town Police and Fire Departments will oversee this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but local resources and community grants are an option. Implementation will begin within five years. Distribute weather radios to all critical facilities Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Tornado, Thunderstorm, Flood, Earthquake, Winter Storm Low The Town Safety Committee will oversee implementation of this project. Local resources will be used to determine how many radios are needed and when/where to distribute them. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community grants are an option. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within five years. Develop a database of special needs populations Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Winter Storm Low The Town Planning and Building Department will work with utility companies and healthcare staff to identify the population. Local resources will be used to create the database. Implementation will begin within five years. Town of Schneider The Town of Schneider is located in southern Lake County. Schneider is protected by levees and floodwalls but would be significantly vulnerable if the water control structures were to fail. Mitigation strategies were recorded to reflect this issue in a meeting held on January 29, 2010. The mitigation strategies will be used in future land use planning. The strategies are listed in Table 6-21, and minutes from the brainstorming session are in Appendix A. Table 6-21: Schneider Mitigation Strategies Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Conduct a sewer upgrade to separate stormwater and sanitary sewer lines Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High The Plan Commission will work with INDOT and IDNR to evaluate the current conditions of the community’s sewer system and develop a plan. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but county, state, and federal funding will be sought. Implementation will begin within one year. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Conduct a study to determine potential buy-out properties Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Support compliance with the NFIP for each jurisdiction in community. Flood High The Plan Commission oversees the implementation of the project. Local resources will be used to determine potential buy-out areas. Additional funding will be sought from funding sources such as IDHS. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Improve stormwater drainage to decrease localized damage caused by pooling in yards, basements, and streets Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High The Town will seek funding from IDHS to coordinate with the EPA and effectively implement this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but state and federal sources are an option. Implementation will begin within one year. Procure back-up generator for Community Center Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High DPW will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the pre-disaster mitigation program and community development grants are possible funding sources. If funding is available, this project is forecasted to begin within one year. Strengthen mutual aid response agreements Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials Hazmat High DPW will work with local resources to strengthen the agreement. If resources are available, implementation will begin within one year. Implement new plans for public education including distribution of first aid kits, weather radios, and pamphlets Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The Town Board will work with area schools, healthcare facilities, and businesses to implement this project. Funding will be sought from local sources. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within one year. Harden fire station Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Retrofit critical facilities and structures with structural design practices and equipment that will withstand natural disasters and offer weather-proofing. Tornado, Thunderstorm, Flood, Earthquake, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The Plan Commission and Town Board will oversee this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community development grants are a possibility. If funding is available, implementation will begin within one year. Assess and upgrade drainage system along U.S. 41 Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Medium The Town will work with the INDOT to implement this project. Funding as not been secured as of 2010, but INDOT and IDNR are potential sources. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within three years. Install an additional warning siren Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Medium The Plan Commission oversees the implementation of the project. IDHS and FEMA are potential funding sources. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within three years. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Purchase new snow removal equipment and pre-treatment equipment and supplies, as well as a storage facility Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Winter Storm Medium DPW will oversee this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community development grants are a possibility. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Town of St. John The Town of St. John is located in west central Lake County. St. John’s most pressing concern is lack of back-up generators at lift stations, well sites, and the water treatment plant. A meeting was held on January 29, 2010 to discuss this and other potential issues facing the community. The mitigation strategies will be used in future land use planning. The strategies are listed in Table 6-22, and minutes from the brainstorming session are in Appendix A. Table 6-22: St. John Mitigation Strategies Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Conduct a sewer upgrade to separate stormwater and sanitary sewer lines Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Complete The Town has completed this project. Bury new power lines Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Complete The Town requires all new lines to be buried. Establish a warming center Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in community. Winter Storm Complete The Town has warming centers at Lake Central High School and the Public Safety building. Develop an evacuation plan for hazardous materials spills Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Review and update existing community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. Hazmat In Progress The Town is currently developing an emergency response plan. Distribute literature advising that residents, schools, healthcare facilities, and other critical facilities bolt bookshelves to walls and secure water heaters Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Earthquake High The Town will work with schools, healthcare facilities, and public officials to create and distribute the literature. Local resources will be used for funding. If funding is available, implementation will begin within one year. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Clear trees and debris from rivers, creeks, and/or ditches, especially around St. John Ditch at Hart St.; Blaine St and 101st N; Bull Run at 109th St. Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High DPW will work with INDOT, IDNR, and IDHS to coordinate this effort. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but county, state, and federal funding will be sought. Implementation will begin within one year. Purchase new snow removal equipment and pre-treatment equipment and supplies; at least two snow plows needed Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Winter Storm High DPW will oversee this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community development grants are a possibility. If funding is available, implementation will begin within one year. Procure generators for lift stations, well sites, and water treatment plant Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The Utility District will oversee the implementation of this project. Local resources will be used to determine which facilities should receive generators. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but local resources are possible funding sources. If funding is available, this project is forecasted to begin within three years. Assess and upgrade drainage systems in the following areas: Watts subdivision, lateral drain under U.S. 41; downstream to Schererville; 85th Ave at Parrish Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Medium DPW will work with the INDOT to implement this project. Funding as not been secured as of 2010, but INDOT and IDNR are potential sources. Implementation will begin within three years. Elevate 109th at Bull Run and 85th at Parrish Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Medium The Town engineers will oversee this project, working with highway departments. INDOT, IDHS, and IDNR are potential funding sources. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Replace culverts at 9300 and Columbia; St. John Ditch @ Hart St; Blaine St. and 101st N; 85th and Parrish Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Medium DPW will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but INDOT is a possible funding source. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within three years. Create a database for identification of special needs population and institute a plan for rescue and recovery Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Medium The Town will work with local health care facilities to coordinate this project. Local resources will be used. Implementation will begin within three years. Install inertial valves at critical facilities Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Retrofit critical facilities with structural design practices and equipment that will withstand natural disasters and offer weather-proofing. Earthquake Low The Plan Commission will oversee implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community grants are an option. If funding is available, implementation will begin within five years. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Develop a program to distribute weather radios to all critical facilities Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood, Tornado, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Low The Town Council will oversee implementation of this project. Local resources will be used to determine how many radios are needed and when/where to distribute them. The PDM program and community grants are an option for funding. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within five years. Implement NOAA’s radio system for hazmat spill alerts Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Hazmat Low The fire department and first responders will oversee this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but local resources and community grants are an option. Implementation will begin within five years. Purchase equipment for containing spills, e.g. absorbent materials Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Hazmat Low The fire department will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding will be sought from the PDM program and community grants. If funding is available, implementation will begin within five years. City of Whiting The City of Whiting is a small community located in the northwest corner of Lake County. The community is unusual in that of its four square miles of land, two of them are occupied by the BP Oil Refinery. Whiting maintains a good relationship with BP and even has an agreement in place for hazardous materials response. A meeting was held on January 11, 2010 to discuss potential issues facing the community. The mitigation strategies will be used in future land use planning. The strategies are listed in Table 6-23, and minutes from the brainstorming session are in Appendix A. Table 6-23: Whiting Mitigation Strategies Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Procure generators for critical facilities Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Complete The City has generators at police and fire stations, as well as the community center, which serves as the primary shelter. Establish a mutual aid response agreement Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials Hazmat Complete The City has a good relationship with BP, which helps with hazmat issues. Bury existing power lines alongside the radio tower Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm High The City will work with the utility company to oversee implementation of this project. Local and corporate resources will be used to bury the lines. Implementation will begin within one year. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Establish public outreach programs to educate residents on the hazards affecting the town Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The City will work with schools and healthcare facilities to establish a program. Local resources and FEMA will be used for funding. If funding and resources are available, implementation will begin within one year. Procure a back-up storm pump for retention basin Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Medium DPW will work with INDOT and IDNR to coordinate this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but county, state, and federal funding will be sought. Implementation will begin within three years. Conduct a commodity flow study along 119th and Indianapolis Blvd Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Conduct new studies/research to profile hazards and follow up with mitigation strategies. Hazmat Medium Community planners and local government leaders will coordinate this study. Funding will be requested from community grants or IDHS. Implementation will begin within three years. Purchase generator for City Hall and Public Works facility Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in community. Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire Medium City Planners will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the pre-disaster mitigation program and community development grants are possible funding sources. If funding is available, this project is forecasted to begin within three years. Install warning sirens Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Medium The City currently has no sirens. The Plan Commission will seek funding from IDHS and FEMA for adequate coverage. Implementation will begin within three years. Purchase a sewer vacuum truck for preventative maintenance Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Low DPW will coordinate this effort. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but county, state, and federal funding will be sought. Implementation will begin within five years. Purchase new snow removal equipment including an emergency 4WD vehicle Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Winter Storm Low DPW will oversee this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community development grants are a possibility. If funding is available, implementation will begin within five years. Trim trees to minimize the amount/duration of power outages; need to purchase a bucket truck Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Winter Storm Low DPW will oversee implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program, INDOT, or IDHS are possibilities. If funding is available, implementation will begin within five years. Town of Winfield The Town of Winfield is located in east central Lake County. Winfield is the newest incorporated community in the county and is quickly growing. Because it is so new, the town currently has no established shelters. A meeting was held on January 29, 2010 to discuss this and other potential issues facing the community. The mitigation strategies will be used in future land use planning. The strategies are listed in Table 6-24, and minutes from the brainstorming session are in Appendix A. Table 6-24: Winfield Mitigation Strategies Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Assess and upgrade drainage system along 117th/113th Ave Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High DPW will work with the INDOT to implement this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but INDOT and IDNR are potential sources. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within one year. Elevate the following roads: 117th, Arizona, 109th Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High DPW will oversee this project, working with highway departments. INDOT, IDHS, and IDNR are potential funding sources. If funding is available, implementation will begin within one year. Install/repair culverts at 117th, Co. Line Rd, and 109th Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High DPW will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but INDOT is a possible funding source. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within one year. Enlarge existing detention basin in Hidden Creek Subdivision; Install new diversion storm water pipe; and replace 103rd Avenue Culvert Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High DPW will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but local, state, and federal funding sources will be sought. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within one year. Procure back-up generators for Town Hall and Township Office Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Flood, Tornado, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The Town Board will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the pre-disaster mitigation program and community development grants are possible funding sources. If funding is available, this project is forecasted to begin within one year. Develop an evacuation plan for hazardous materials spills Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Review and update existing community plans and ordinances to support hazard mitigation. Hazmat High The Town's first responders will oversee the implementation of this project. Local resources will be used to develop the plans. Implementation will begin within one year. Harden critical facilities, especially fire stations and municipal buildings Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Retrofit critical facilities with structural design practices and equipment that will withstand natural disasters and offer weather-proofing. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The Plan Commission will oversee the implementation of this project. Local resources will be used to identify the required structures to be hardened. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the pre-disaster mitigation program and community development grants are possible funding sources. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within one year. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Implement a mass notification system such as Nixle Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The Plan Commission and first responders oversee the implementation of the project. Funding may sought from the PDM program or community grants. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within one year. Establish a new shelter Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Improve emergency sheltering in community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm, Hazmat, Fire High The Town has no shelters. Local resources will be used to establish shelter locations. Funding for supplies will be sought from IDHS and FEMA. Implementation will begin within one year. Enlarge existing detention basin in Hidden Creek Subdivision; install new diversion storm water pipe; and replace 103rd Avenue culvert Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood High DPW will oversee the implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but INDOT, IDHS, and FEMA are a possible funding sources. Implementation, if funding is available, will begin within one year. Distribute literature advising that residents, schools, healthcare facilities, and other critical facilities bolt bookshelves to walls and secure water heaters Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Raise public awareness on hazard mitigation. Earthquake Medium The Town will work with schools, healthcare facilities, and public officials to create and distribute the literature. Local resources will be used for funding. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Clear trees and debris from rivers, creeks, and/or ditches, especially around Deer Creek and Hidden Creek Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Flood Medium DPW will coordinate this effort. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but county, state, and federal funding will be sought. Implementation will begin within three years. Create a database for identification of special needs population and institute a plan for rescue and recovery Goal: Develop long-term strategies to educate community residents on the hazards affecting their county Objective: Improve education and training of emergency personnel and public officials. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Medium The Town will work with local health care facilities to coordinate this project. Local resources will be used. Implementation will begin within three years. Install additional warning sirens Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Evaluate and strengthen the communication and transportation abilities of emergency services throughout the community. Tornado, Flood, Earthquake, Thunderstorm, Winter Storm Medium The Plan Commission oversees the implementation of the project. Funding will be sought from IDHS and FEMA. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within three years. Purchase two snow plows and improve storage facilities Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Winter Storm Medium DPW will oversee this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the PDM program and community development grants are a possibility. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Mitigation Item Goals and Objects Satisfied Hazards Addressed Priority Comments Trim trees to minimize the amount/duration of power outages; specifically in the agricultural areas in the southern part of the community Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Minimize the amount of infrastructure exposed to hazards. Winter Storm Medium The Town will oversee implementation of this project. Funding has not been secured as of 2010, but the Town will work with NIPSCO to establish an agreement. Additional state or federal funding may be needed. If funding is available, implementation will begin within three years. Conduct a study to determine potential buy-out properties Goal: Create new or revise existing plans/maps for the community Objective: Support compliance with the NFIP for each jurisdiction in community. Flood Low The Plan Commission oversees the implementation of the project. Local resources will be used to determine potential buy-out areas. Additional funding will be sought from funding sources such as IDHS. Implementation, if funding is available, is forecasted to begin within five years. Purchase equipment for containing spills, e.g. absorbent materials Goal: Lessen the impacts of hazards to new and existing infrastructure Objective: Equip public facilities and communities to guard against damage caused by secondary effects of hazards. Hazmat Low The Town would like its first responders to be trained at the operational level. Funding will be sought from state and federal sources. Implementation will begin within five years. The Lake County Emergency Management will be the local champions for the mitigation actions. The County Commissioners and the city and town councils will be an integral part of the implementation process. Federal and state assistance will be necessary for a number of the identified actions. The Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission is qualified to provide technical grant writing services to assist the county in seeking resources to achieve the recommended mitigation action. 6.4 MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL MITIGATION STRATEGY As a part of the multi-hazard mitigation planning requirements, each community listed identifiable mitigation action items for their respective hazards. Each of the 20 incorporated communities within and including Lake County was invited to participate in brainstorming sessions in which goals, objectives, and strategies were discussed and prioritized. Each participant in these sessions was armed with possible mitigation goals and strategies provided by FEMA, as well as information about mitigation projects discussed in neighboring communities and counties. All potential strategies and goals that arose through this process are included in this plan. The county planning team used FEMA’s evaluation criteria to gauge the priority of all items. A final draft of the disaster mitigation plan was presented to all members to allow for final edits and approval of the priorities. 7.0 PLAN MAINTENANCE 7.1 MONITORING, EVALUATING, AND UPDATING THE PLAN Throughout the five-year planning cycle, the Lake County Emergency Management Agency will reconvene the MHMP planning committee to monitor, evaluate, and update the plan on an annual basis. Additionally, a meeting will be held during June 2015 to address the five-year update of this plan. Members of the planning committee are readily available to engage in email correspondence between annual meetings. If the need for a special meeting, due to new developments or a declared disaster occurs in the county, the team will meet to update mitigation strategies. Depending on grant opportunities and fiscal resources, mitigation projects may be implemented independently by individual communities or through local partnerships. At the review sessions, the committee will evaluate the county and community goals and strategies to determine their relevance to changing situations in the county. In addition, state and federal policies will be reviewed to ensure they are addressing current and expected conditions. The committee will also review the risk assessment portion of the plan to determine if this information should be updated or modified. The parties responsible for the various implementation actions will report on the status of their projects, and will include which implementation processes worked well, any difficulties encountered, how coordination efforts are proceeding, and which strategies should be revised. Updates or modifications to the MHMP during the five-year planning process will require a public notice and meeting prior to submitting revisions to the individual jurisdictions for approval. The plan will be updated via written changes, submissions as the committee deems appropriate and necessary, and as approved by the county commissioners. The GIS data used to prepare the plan was obtained from existing county GIS data as well as data collected as part of the planning process. This updated HAZUS-MH GIS data has been returned to the county for use and maintenance in the county’s system. As newer data becomes available, this updated data will be used for future risk assessments and vulnerability analyses. 7.2 IMPLEMENTATION THROUGH EXISTING PROGRAMS The results of this plan will be incorporated into ongoing planning efforts since many of the mitigation projects identified as part of this planning process are ongoing. Lake County and its incorporated jurisdictions will update their respective zoning plans and ordinances listed in Table 6-2 as necessary and as part of regularly scheduled updates. Each community will be responsible for updating its own plans and ordinances. 7.3 CONTINUED PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT Continued public involvement is critical to the successful implementation of the MHMP. Comments from the public on the MHMP will be received by the EMA director and forwarded to the MHMP planning committee for discussion. Education efforts for hazard mitigation will be ongoing through the EMA and the responsible entity within each jurisdiction. The public will be notified of periodic planning meetings through notices in the local newspaper. Once adopted, a copy of this plan will be maintained in each jurisdiction and in the County EMA Office. Glossary of Terms A AEGL – Acute Exposure Guideline Levels ALOHA – Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres B BFE – Base Flood Elevation C CAMEO – Computer-Aided Management of Emergency Operations CEMA – County Emergency Management Agency CEMP – Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan CPRI – Calculated Priority Risk Index CRS – Community Rating System D DEM – Digital Elevation Model DFIRM – Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map DMA – Disaster Mitigation Act E EAP – Emergency Action Plan ERPG – Emergency Response Planning Guidelines EMA – Emergency Management Agency EPA – Environmental Protection Agency F FEMA – Federal Emergency Management Agency FIRM – Flood Insurance Rate Maps FIS – Flood Information Study G GIS – Geographic Information System H HAZUS-MH – Hazards USA Multi-Hazard HUC – Hydrologic Unit Code I IDHS – Indiana Department of Homeland Security IDNR – Indiana Department of Natural Resources IGS – Indiana Geological Survey M MHMP – Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan N NCDC – National Climatic Data Center NEHRP – National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program NFIP – National Flood Insurance Program NOAA – National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration P PPM – Parts Per Million S SPC – Storm Prediction Center U USGS – United States Geological Survey Appendix A – Minutes of the Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Team Meetings Lake County Pre-Disaster Mitigation Meeting May 29, 2009 at 9:00 a.m. Central Meeting #1 of the Lake County Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) Committee was held May 29, 2009 at 9:00 a.m. at the Lake County Homeland Security/Emergency Management Agency conference room located at 2900 W. 93rd Ave., Crown Point. Those present are listed in the following table. Jody Melton NIRPC Jodi Richmond Lake Co. HS/EMA Michael DeMory Lake County Surveyor’s Office Dan Gardner Lake County Surveyor’s Office Becky McKinley Hammond Sanitary District Wayne Cauley North Township Maureen Shuttleworth NISOURCE Jennifer Payne IDHS George Shropshirk Hammond EMA Bob Roach NIPSCO David Pelc Town of Munster James Knesek Town of Munster John Buechler The Polis Center Melissa Gona The Polis Center Jody Melton from Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission welcomed attendees and introduced Jodi Richmond, Director of the Lake County Homeland Security/Emergency Management Agency who will chair the Committee. Jodi thanked all for coming and explained that this is an initial meeting to assemble the necessary parties and distribute information. Jodi introduced John Buechler of The Polis Center. John Buechler described the plan and what it is to accomplish and how it will be formed. He provided an overview of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, explained the process of at least 6 meetings and the work that will be necessary. He introduced the website http://pdmplanning.com and the user name “Indiana_PDM” and password “hoosiers”. Much information can be gained from this site as the process continues. Participants in the plan will need to keep track of their time at meetings as well as time preparing information for the meetings. That time will contribute to the matching funds requirement. Melissa Gona also from The Polis Center asked for documentation of memorable historical hazards that might be archived within the communities. To close the meeting, Jodi Richmond said she would contact each of the communities to seek their participation in a second introductory meeting. Meeting adjourned 10:30 a.m. Jody Melton/Coordinator/NIRPC Lake County Pre-Disaster Mitigation Meeting July 27, 2009 at 9:00 a.m. Central Meeting #2 of the Lake County Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) Committee was held July 27, 2009 at 9:00 a.m. at the Lake County Homeland Security/Emergency Management Agency conference room located at 2900 W. 93rd Ave., Crown Point. Those present are listed in the following table. Jody Melton NIRPC Jodi Richmond Lake Co. HS/EMA Tony Kenning Town of Winfield Robert Patterson Town of Schererville FD Joe Kruzan Town of Schererville FD Dennis Simala North Township Herbie Cruz East Chicago EMA Matt Hay NIRPC Gerry Scheub Lake Co. Commissioner John Buechler The Polis Center Melissa Gona The Polis Center Manuela Johnson IDHS Jody Melton from Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission welcomed attendees and introduced John Buechler of The Polis Center. John Buechler described the plan and what it is to accomplish and how it will be formed. He provided an overview of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, explained the process of at least 6 meetings and the work that will be necessary. He introduced the website http://pdmplanning.com and the user name “Indiana_PDM” and password “hoosiers”. Much information can be gained from this site as the process continues. Participants in the plan will need to keep track of their time at meetings as well as time preparing information for the meetings. That time will contribute to the matching funds requirement. There was general discussion among the participants about what is needed from the county as data and where critical structures may be. There are dams and levees in several places and flooding along I 80/94. Lake of the Four Seasons is preparing an Emergency Action Plan and needs to be involved in this process. Commissioner Scheub said that Lake County has 180 bridges and many refineries and pipelines that will need to be identified. Failure of utility service during emergencies was emphasized as a significant problem. While earthquakes are statistically not probable, an earthquake of significance in Lake County would probably be devastating to the infrastructure of the county and as a central hub from Chicago, perhaps of national significance. Flooding continues to be a major problem and Hobart, Lake Station, and St. John have asked the state for mitigation help. The completed plan from this process will provide that help. Melissa Gona also from The Polis Center asked for documentation of memorable historical hazards that might be archived within the communities. These documents will aid in the preparation of the final plan and contribute to the knowledge of known events and their effects. A preliminary view of the prepared initial map indicated paths of several historical tornados and the group asked that two tornado paths be modeled; one in the north and one in the south. A hazardous material incident also needs to be modeled and it was suggested that the area around East Chicago would contribute the most useful information. There should also be a hazardous chemical spill modeled from a transportation source along I 80/94 or Indianapolis Boulevard. The committee members discussed outreach, how to bring other communities into the process, and how to get the GIS data from the county for damage assessment. Commissioner Scheub asked that a letter be sent to his office asking for the GIS information so that the planning process can proceed. Manuela Johnson from Homeland Security described the process of IDHS, the Polis Center, NIRPC, and Lake County work and data being used to create the plan with no cash cost share from the county. The model and plan can be created and written with ‘sweat’ equity of participants and the GIS data. When the document is completed and adopted, hazard mitigation grants will be available for municipalities and the county to work on mitigation projects. The next meeting will be scheduled by Jodi Richmond in the Commissioners Meeting Room at the Lake County Government Center. Jody Melton/Coordinator/NIRPC Lake County Pre-Disaster Mitigation Meeting Minutes August 12, 2009 at 1:00 p.m. Central Meeting #3 of the Lake County Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) Committee was held August 12, 2009 at 1:00 p.m. at the Lake County Commissioners Courtroom located at 2293 N. Main St, Crown Point. Those present are listed in the following table. Jody Melton NIRPC Heidi Kendall Town of Winfield Stephanie Stiener Town of Winfield Matt Hay NIRPC Becky McKinley City of Hammond Jim Pokrajac Little Calumet River Basin Dev. Comm. Herbie Cruz East Chicago EMA Larry Blanchard Lake Co. Council Dave Coats The Polis Center Melissa Gona The Polis Center Dave Coats of The Polis Center welcomed attendees and introduced Jody Melton from Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission. Dave described the plan and what it is to accomplish and how it will be formed. He provided an overview of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, explained the process of at least 6 meetings and the work that will be necessary. He introduced the website http://pdmplanning.com and the user name “Indiana_PDM” and password “hoosiers”. Much information can be gained from this site as the process continues. Participants in the plan will need to keep track of their time at meetings as well as time preparing information for the meetings. That time will contribute to the matching funds requirement. Melissa Gona also from The Polis Center asked for documentation of memorable historical hazards that might be archived within the communities. These documents will aid in the preparation of the final plan and contribute to the knowledge of known events and their effects. There was general discussion among the attendees about the lack of participation from other communities. The completed plan from this process must have input from the locals and we are going to have to re-think our process to get the required information from the local communities. The lack of GIS data is also hampering the beginning of the process and Councilman Blanchard was informed of the need for the necessary data that will contribute to the local share for the project. There was some discussion about specific areas but since Winfield, Hammond, and East Chicago were at previous meetings, the meeting was concluded. Jody Melton/Coordinator/NIRPC August 13, 2009 Lake County Mitigation Planning Meeting Attendees: Calumet Twsp. City of Gary City of Hobart Town of Munster Town of St. John There was also another gentleman representing another township – we will be able to get that info exactly at the next meeting – we can just ask. Minutes: We discussed the progress with everyone’s critical infrastructure surveys – if there were any questions etc. Everyone was doing pretty well if not completed all ready. They are continuing to work on them if they did not turn them into me. We discussed that they needed to really try and have those completed yesterday. They will bring them to the next meeting or email me those as soon as they are finished. We discussed the next meeting. I said that I would have to get with POLIS to see when we can schedule the next meeting. They were all pretty understanding on the communication mix with this meeting. Jodi E. Richmond, Director Lake County Homeland Security/Emergency Management Agency Lake Station, IN Pre-Disaster Mitigation Meeting January 11, 2010 at 9:00 a.m. Central Those present are listed in the following table. Jody Melton NIRPC John Buechler The Polis Center Laura Danielson The Polis Center Jim Meyer Attorney, City of Lake Station Mike Stills Police Chief, Lake Station R. Janes Fire Chief, Lake Station Chuck Farekas Deputy Fire Chief, Lake Station Mayor Keith Soderquist Lake Station John Buechler described the plan and what it is to accomplish and how it will be formed. He provided an overview of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, explained the process of at least 6 meetings and the work that will be necessary. Laura Danielson presented a prepared list of disasters and mitigation activities for those disasters. She asked for prioritization of disasters and hazards facing Lake Station. Strategies • Riverside trailer park (70 structures) buyout in progress. • Flood areas (roads to elevate) Wyoming Street, 23rd and 24th at Colorado, 28th Avenue, east of clay north of central, 4000 block off of Hwy 51, State Road 51, Clay Street, Old Hobart Road North • Backflow valves required • Maintenance of culverts needed. • 80-94 Burns Ditch new culvert construction in progress; need more funding • LS has sewer camera and truck • Need lightning protection on new building • Update evacuation plan flyers doo9r to door • Bulk email notification • County system reverse 911 • All schools have weather radios • County wide Hazmat team • Generators exist at fire stations • No generators or transfer switches at school • Need bucket truck for tree trimming • Need new snow truck • Sirens needed and education about siren warnings • New City Hall building in progress for Mayor, police, and fire and ambulance station • Boys and girls club is used as a shelter and needs enhanced Flooding is concerned the chief hazard in lake Station. There are several areas where buyouts are possible and waiting to happen. There is flooding along 23rd and 24th Courts, 29th Avenue, Howard, Wyoming, and Arizona Streets. 270 properties area affected as well as roadways. Clay Street needs major roadwork and flood protection. The city also needs better siren warning coverage with new sirens, snow equipment needs to by added and purchased, and public education for alerting citizens to dangers, to shelters, and to aid need to be implemented. Meeting adjourned 10:30 a.m. Jody Melton/Coordinator/NIRPC New Chicago, IN Pre-Disaster Mitigation Meeting January 11, 2010 at 10:40 a.m. Central Meeting Minutes Those present are listed in the following table. Jody Melton NIRPC John Buechler The Polis Center Laura Danielson The Polis Center Dan Sebbens, Police Chief, New Chicago John Buechler described the plan and what it is to accomplish and how it will be formed. He provided an overview of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, explained the process of at least 6 meetings and the work that will be necessary. Strategies • Community has water tower (Cleveland and Michigan) which supplies water to neighboring jurisdiction • Communication via police radios • Siren on fire department needed • Basement warming shelter in town hall basement; building not handicap accessible, need new building • Updated fire station • Need evacuation plan for hazmat • Sewer is combined; requires separation • Need new fire hydrants • Require new snow removal equipment Laura Danielson presented a prepared list of disasters and mitigation activities for those disasters. She asked for prioritization of disasters and hazards facing New Chicago. New Chicago is a town of one square mile. The greatest hazard is the lack of funds to maintain municipal equipment. The water tower needs securing, warning siren coverage needs to be created, handicap accessibility and shelters are lacking. The town complex is very out of date and a new public safety building and town complex should be established. The sewer system is outdated, the town needs new fire hydrants, and snow removal equipment is minimal and old. Meeting adjourned 12:10 p.m. Jody Melton/Coordinator/NIRPC Hobart, IN Pre-Disaster Mitigation Meeting January 11, 2010 at 2:00 p.m. Central Those present are listed in the following table. Jody Melton NIRPC John Buechler The Polis Center Laura Danielson The Polis Center Mike Frank City of Hobart EMA Director John Buechler described the plan and what it is to accomplish and how it will be formed. He provided an overview of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, explained the process of at least 6 meetings and the work that will be necessary. Laura Danielson presented a prepared list of disasters and mitigation activities for those disasters. She asked for prioritization of disasters and hazards facing Hobart. Strategies • Would like FM early warning system (high priority) • Have funding for culvert repairs • Have funding for stream maintenance • In progress: rebuilding community center • Transportation hazards important Railroads and intersection of three major highways; glide path to OHare • Drainage projects in progress • Project in progress to reduce infiltration into sanitary sewers particularly sewers being pumped (lift stations); need additional funding • EAP needed for Lake George • Dam repairs and spillway project 1973 overtopping dam flooding • City hall needs generator • New government center is being planned and will serve as a warming center (generator will be required) • New subdivisions electric is buried • Public education on pipeline hazards and issues • Good snow equipment • Are you ready Packets? • Need sirens Hobart is very large geographically and. warning sirens are lacking and emergency notification is sparse. Flooding around Lake George is also an issue. There is a need for more community shelters and also public education on preparing for disasters. As in other towns, Hobart is in need of new emergency equipment for police, fire, and snow removal. Hazmat is a concern because of the highways running through Hobart and they rely on the Lake County Hazmat Team. Meeting adjourned at 3:30 p.m. Jody Melton/Coordinator/NIRPC Whiting, IN Pre-Disaster Mitigation Meeting January 11, 2010 at 4:00 p.m. Central Those present are listed in the following table. John Buechler The Polis Center Laura Danielson The Polis Center Joe Stahura Mayor, Whiting Mark Harbin Whiting Bruce Stolman Acting Fire Chief, Whiting Steve Miller Police Chief, Whiting Laura Danielson described the plan and what it is to accomplish and how it will be formed. She provided an overview of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, explained the process of at least 6 meetings and the work that will be necessary. Laura Danielson presented a prepared list of disasters and mitigation activities for those disasters. She asked for prioritization of disasters and hazards facing Whiting. The team described Whiting’s strategies as follows. • Due to location adjacent to Lake no tornados or properties in flood plain • Need back-up storm pump for retention basin • Generators exist at Police and fire and community center • Whiting has no sirens; city works with Hammond to insure siren coverage • Bury power lines alongside radio tower • Snow equipment required including 4wd emergency vehicle • Need additional tree trimming • 3 railroads cross city • 119th & Indianapolis Blvd flow allocation study • City has good relationship with BP and agreement for HAZMAT response • Generator needed at city hall • New public works facility needs generator • Emergency preparedness kits • Sewer vacuum truck needed for preventive maintenance Meeting adjourned 4:30 p.m. Laura Danielson/Polis Lowell, IN Pre-Disaster Mitigation Meeting January 12, 2010 at 9:00 a.m. Central Those present are listed in the following table. Jody Melton NIRPC Laura Danielson The Polis Center Alice F. Dahl Cedar Creek Township Trustee Charles Scott Chief, Lowell Fire Dept. Mark R. Gruessing Lowell Fire Dept. Laura Danielson described the plan and what it is to accomplish and how it will be formed. She provided an overview of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, explained the process of at least 6 meetings and the work that will be necessary. Laura Danielson presented a prepared list of disasters and mitigation activities for those disasters. She asked for prioritization of disasters and hazards facing Lowell. Strategies • Completed: distribute public education literature at Red Cross and in first response buildings • Have 3 sirens; need 3 more (trailer park, public areas like parks, truck stop) • Need sandbagging equipment or strong mutual aid agreement • NOAA radios for public • Need portable pumps for flooding • Harden bridges • Conduct study to determine shelter capacity • Elevate 205th and Monon • Stream maintenance near American Legion • Buy-out plan • Flow allocation study • Bury new power lines • Generators/transfer switches in CFs and public buildings • Watershed study • Emergency vehicle fleet (4WD, snowmobile, water craft) • Map pipeline locations • Upgrade EMS equipment and provide more training • Need underground water stores Lowell is in great need of warning sirens to cover more area. They need at least 3 more in addition to the 3 existing. The I- 65/SR2 interchange though outside town limits, is the responsibility of the LFD and the development at that interchange continues. Shelters for safety are needed. Generators and more shelter space is a critical need. There are several areas of flooding which need to be addressed. Some roads could be raised, particularly the intersection of Monon Road and 205th Avenue. During the last flood there were no pumps available to help people pump water away. There is a need for better public education so that citizens know where to go in case of emergencies. There is also worry about the cost of maintaining Emergency Medical Services for Emergency Response. Meeting adjourned at 10:00 p.m. Jody Melton/Coordinator/NIRPC East Chicago, IN Pre-Disaster Mitigation Meeting January 12, 2010 at 10:00 a.m. Central Those present are listed in the following table. John Buechler The Polis Center Herbie Cruz East Chicago EMA Jezreel Rodriguez East Chicago Engineer Adolfo Velez East Chicago Utilities Director Monsie Corsbie East Chicago Sanitary Dept John Buechler described the plan and what it is to accomplish and how it will be formed. He provided an overview of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, explained the process of at least 6 meetings and the work that will be necessary. John presented a prepared list of disasters and mitigation activities for those disasters. He asked for prioritization of disasters and hazards facing East Chicago. The team described East Chicago’s strategies as follows. • The most important project is the Clive Avenue North Pumping Station. The pumping station relieves combined sewer system (see the map). The sewer system is in good condition and was televised recently. The pumping station rehabilitation will relieve flooding for several hundred homes. • The 2nd most important project is to install backup generators at the WWTP • The 3rd most important project is to install backflow valves in the Roxanna neighborhood • The city has 6 early warning sirens and requires 2 more • The city uses the county’s rapid notify system (reverse 911) • The city performs tree trimming • The city may need backup generators in the schools Meeting adjourned 11:00 a.m. Laura Danielson/Polis Crown Point, IN Pre-Disaster Mitigation Meeting January 12, 2010 at 10:30 a.m. Central Those present are listed in the following table. Jody Melton NIRPC Laura Danielson The Polis Center Dan Niksch City of Crown Point Engineer Gerard Abraham City of Crown Point Engineer Matt Lake City of Crown Point Consultant M. Scott Rediger City of Crown Point, Inspector Laura Danielson described the plan and what it is to accomplish and how it will be formed. She provided an overview of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, explained the process of at least 6 meetings and the work that will be necessary. Laura Danielson presented a prepared list of disasters and mitigation activities for those disasters. She asked for prioritization of disasters and hazards facing Crown Point. FLOOD • Assess and upgrade drainage system along major roadways • Stream maintenance • Need funding for CSO; plan is in place • Additional funding for culvert repairs • Buyouts in Fashion Terrace • Improve conveyance system for ditches to improve water quality TORNADO/THUNDERSTORMS • The High School and the Civic Center serve as shelters. Generators are ok but the fire department could use more. Siren coverage is adequate now. Buildings need to be hardened for storms. • Distribute weather radios to CFs • Need to establish safe rooms EARTHQUAKES • The public needs to be educated about earthquakes and the actions they should take for both personal safety and for building hardening • Inertial valves need to be considered/installed in older buildings in all communities HAZMAT AND FIRE • Crown Point works with the Lake County Hazmat Team. • Fire Department is in need of replacement and additional equipment and training WINTER STORMS • Need bucket truck for tree trimming • Need de-icing agents • Schools may not be connected to NOAA radios. • Special needs database COMPLETED/ONGOING • Generators in most CFs; need in fire departments • Have TV station for announcements • 7 sirens – completed strategic study • Blackboard study for mass communication • Weekly radio show • MABUS? MAVIS? • EPA grant for stormwater control in progress • Evacuation plan for hazmat…ongoing Other hazards discussed in Crown Point were the loss of trees and replacing of green infrastructure. There were also concerns about trained Emergency Management personnel and mutual aid with other units of government. Meeting adjourned at 11:35 am. Jody Melton/Coordinator/NIRPC Highland, IN Pre-Disaster Mitigation Meeting January 12, 2010 at 12:00 p.m. Central Those present are listed in the following table. Jody Melton NIRPC Laura Danielson The Polis Center Bill Timmer Chief, Highland Fire Department Mike Piptia Highland Public Works Laura Danielson described the plan and what it is to accomplish and how it will be formed. She provided an overview of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, explained the process of at least 6 meetings and the work that will be necessary. Laura Danielson presented a prepared list of disasters and mitigation activities for those disasters. She asked for prioritization of disasters and hazards facing Highland. FLOOD • Need storm water retention systems upgrades • Repair storm sewers • Sewers need to be upgraded and separated (in progress but need add’l funding) • The Kennedy overpass and Cline Avenue need to be raised • Buy-outs of two homes in Wicker Park Estates • Replace culverts near Spring Creek • Stream maintenance on Little Cal River • Watershed study • Need backflow valves TORNADO/THUNDERSTORMS • Need generators in Lincoln Center and Town Hall • Need 6 additional sirens • Funding for public education for Nixel or Codespear • Establish safe rooms in public buildings • Develop program to distribute receiver radios to public • Combine FD, PD, and Town Hall into new EOC EARTHQUAKES • Public education • Bridge infrastructure study on Kennedy Ave and Cline Ave • Harden CFs HAZMAT AND FIRE • Need equipment for LEPC • Implement NOAA radio system for hazmat spill alerts • Conduct flow allocation study WINTER STORMS • Need more equipment • Need stronger mutual aid agreements • Debris clearing plan COMPLETED • LEPC • Highland has mutual aid agreements with Lake County Fire Association and County HAZMAT team • Have 12 sirens • Dike project almost complete • Stormwater retention ordinance for new developments • Flood gauges in place • Flood stations along levee are flood-proof and have generators Meeting adjourned at 1:35 pm. Jody Melton/Coordinator/NIRPC Munster, IN Pre-Disaster Mitigation Meeting January 12, 2010 at 2:00 p.m. Central Those present are listed in the following table. Jody Melton NIRPC Laura Danielson The Polis Center John Buechler The Polis Center Tom DeGiulio Town Manager, Munster Charles Remmers GIS Specialist, Munster Steve Kovecik Munster Police Dept. Lance Reinsma MIS manager, Munster James Knesek Fire Chief, Munster Stephen Scheckel Police Chief, Munster David Pelc EMA, Munster Ashley Porter Ass’t to Town Manager, Munster Laura Danielson described the plan and what it is to accomplish and how it will be formed. She provided an overview of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, explained the process of at least 6 meetings and the work that will be necessary. She presented a prepared list of disasters and mitigation activities for those disasters. She asked for prioritization of disasters and hazards. FLOOD • Munster was devastated by flooding from Little Calumet River in Sept. 2008. • Buyouts for 35 homes behind levee; turn to green space • Several roads need elevating, and the bridge at Northcote Avenue is particularly troublesome. Study is complete, need funding for implementation • Need backflow valves in Harts Ditch area • Complete watershed study • Sewer separation design in progress for northeast part of town. CSO separation north of Ridge Road; need funding to implement TORNADO/THUNDERSTORMS • Lightning predicators are needed for parks and more warning sirens could be used. • Trees and tree trimming should be kept up. • Need more generators/transfer switches for CFs • Program to distribute weather radios and emergency kits to CFs, especially nursing homes and schools DROUGHT • Develop a plan for domestic animal protection and subsistence; include agreements with local shelters EARTHQUAKES • Public education is necessary. HAZMAT AND FIRE • Munster has agreements with Lake County Fire Association and County HAZMAT team. • HAZMAT training and spill kits • Radio system for hazmat spill alerts in businesses and public areas • Formalize a wide area evacuation plan, e.g. hospital evacuation WINTER STORMS • Public education for Nixel • FM station for information to the public • Establish warming centers with supplies (one in north; one in south) • More equipment is needed. • Warming stations are needed. COMPLETED OR ONGOING • CERT program used for public education • Newsletter sent out for public education • Have generators on for all lift stations • 4 home buyouts in progress • Completed study to evaluate bridge infrastructure • New power lines are buried; need funding for old • Stream maintenance ongoing; need more for Harts Ditch • Uses mobile command center MAVIS Meeting adjourned at 3:15 pm. Jody Melton/Coordinator/NIRPC Merrillville, IN Pre-Disaster Mitigation Meeting January 12, 2010 at 3:45 p.m. Central Those present are listed in the following table. Jody Melton NIRPC Laura Danielson The Polis Center Howard Fink Merrillville Town Administrator Joe Petruch Police Chief, Merrillville John Minchuk Merrillville EMA Director Laura Danielson described the plan and what it is to accomplish and how it will be formed. She provided an overview of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, explained the process of at least 6 meetings and the work that will be necessary. Laura Danielson presented a prepared list of disasters and mitigation activities for those disasters. She asked for prioritization of disasters and hazards facing Merrillville. FLOOD • Flooding is prevalent around town. Some of it is storm water but particularly in the north end of Merrillville, the flooding is sewer backup from the Gary Sanitary District; add capacity to sewer system to reduce flooding • There are several areas of Merrillville where roads should be raised, particularly in the southeast quadrant. • Replace existing or install new culverts: Broadway, Beaver Dam Ditch, Turkey Creek • Need new retention pond in northern part of town • Install permanent flood signage • Stream maintenance • Assess and upgrade drainage along major roadways TORNADO/THUNDERSTORMS • Have 4 sirens, but need more • Town hall used for shelter EARTHQUAKES • Public education is necessary. HAZMAT AND FIRE • Merrillville has agreements with Lake County Fire Association and County HAZMAT team. • Need equipment for volunteer FDs WINTER STORMS • Merrillville needs a mass notification system (Reverse 911, Nixel, or other) • Equipment for tree trimming, snow removal, and de-icing • More mutual aid is required. • Have radio station for weather announcements Meeting adjourned at 4:35 pm. Jody Melton/Coordinator/NIRPC Cedar Lake, IN Pre-Disaster Mitigation Meeting January 13, 2010 at 9:00 a.m. Central Meeting Minutes Those present are listed in the following table. Jody Melton NIRPC John Buechler The Polis Center Ian Nicolini Cedar Lake Town Administrator Roger Patz Police Chief, Cedar Lake Douglas Wynkoop Public Works, Cedar Lake John Buechler described the plan and what it is to accomplish and how it will be formed. He provided an overview of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, explained the process of at least 6 meetings and the work that will be necessary. John Buechler presented a prepared list of disasters and mitigation activities for those disasters. He asked for prioritization of disasters and hazards facing Cedar Lake. FLOOD • Replace culverts and broken field tiles • Update subdivision ordinances • 2008 flood resulted in bridge overtopping; need to regulate discharge from lake by working with DNR and adjusting height of dam • Remove abandoned railroad viaduct to relieve flooding issues • Look into Brownfields redevelopment of fuel soils along Morris Street (work with EPA) TORNADO/THUNDERSTORMS • Need warning sirens on southwest side • Harden CFs EARTHQUAKES • Public education HAZMAT AND FIRE • Nixel in place; need to publicize WINTER STORMS • Need equipment • Strengthen mutual aid agreements • Need generator in City Hall COMPLETED • Cedar Lake Dam has EAP • Enforcing floodplain ordinances • Hazmat mutual aid agreements with Lake County Fire Association and County HAZMAT team • New power lines are buried • City Hall is a warming center and shelter • implement wetland retention to the south to mitigate flooding • drainage improvements to Sleepy Hollow ditch • currently updating zoning ordinance and incorporating into GIS • comprehensive plan addresses flood best management practices (BMP) • in process of installing curbs and gutters to improve drainage (16% complete) • weather radios installed in schools • communications systems installed on buses Meeting adjourned at 10:00 am. Jody Melton/Coordinator/NIRPC Dyer, IN Pre-Disaster Mitigation Meeting January 13, 2010 at 11:00 a.m. Central Those present are listed in the following table. John Buechler The Polis Center Laura Danielson The Polis Center Rick Eberly Town of Dyer Brian Lane Dyer GIS Laura Danielson described the plan and what it is to accomplish and how it will be formed. She provided an overview of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, explained the process of at least 6 meetings and the work that will be necessary. Because Dyer completed an MHMP in 2007, they had a list of strategies prepared. The team went through the strategies and made necessary updates. The team described Dyer’s strategies as follows. • Complete a detailed flood study of Hart Ditch from the bridge crossing at Hart Street to the bridge crossing at U.S. Route 30 • Minimize flooding by diverting or retaining stormwater • Enforce development restrictions within the 100-year floodplain • Enforce existing snow routes to allow for snow removal activities • Improve stormwater drainage to decrease localized damage caused by pooling in yards, basements, and streets • Enhance coordination and collaboration between the Town of Dyer and Red Cross of Northwest Indiana • Increase number of personnel who are certified to OSHA III Technician Level • Upgrade existing and install new warning sirens • Participate in the Community Rating System • Procure educational trailers and literature to distribute to schools and town residents at public events • Develop and implement a voluntary immunization program for first responders • Distribute weather radios to residents in mobile homes, nursing homes, and major businesses • Trim trees to minimize the amount/duration of power outages • Procure back-up generators for critical facilities • Establish a volunteer emergency response team • Purchase a mobile messaging board system to notify residents of traffic conditions, road closures, and other events • Establish safe rooms in all community buildings • Apply to become an NWS Storm Ready Community • Improve railroad warnings at key intersections • Add GPS units to snow plows and emergency vehicles Meeting adjourned 11:30 am Laura Danielson/Polis Lake County Pre-Disaster Mitigation Township Meeting Minutes January 29, 2010 at 9:00 a.m. Central The Lake County Pre Disaster Mitigation Team held a meeting at the office of the Lake County Emergency Management Office with representatives of the unincorporated portions of Lake County and additional attendees. Jody Melton NIRPC John Buechler Polis Center Laura Danielson Polis Center Melissa Gona Polis Center Heidi Kendall Town of Winfield Stephanie Stiener Town of Winfield Alan McCoy Calumet Township EMS Lamar Taylor Calumet Township EMS Joe Kruzan Schererville Fire Dept. Greg White Lake Co. Surveyor’s Office Richard M. Wright Town of Schneider Council Michael J. Weber Schneider Police Dept. Kathe Benith Lake Co. Commissioners” Office Alice F. Dahl Cedar Creek Twp. Trustee Charles Scott Lowell Fire Dept. Chief Rick Niemeyer West Creek Twp. Trustee Harold Mussman West Creek Twp. Jason Oravet St. John Mark Gruessing Lowell F.D. Jodi Richmond Lake County EMA Director George Van Til Lake County Surveyor John Buechler of The Polis Center welcomed attendees and provided an overview of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, explained the process of at least 6 meetings and the work that will be necessary. Laura Danielson led the attendees in a discussion of hazards within their own jurisdictions. Flooding was mentioned by most as the greatest concern. Buyouts would be a valuable tool. In Cedar Creek Township in the Kankakee River area, there are approximately 20 homes in the Shelby, Wildwood, and Pons Riverside Area that should be moved out. In Dyer, the Baldwin Subdivision has over 30 homes with flooding problems over the last 25 years. The Schererville Heights area, Ranburn Woods in Calumet Township, the area in Gary south and east of Indiana University Northwest has severe flooding problems, both from storm water and inadequate sanitary sewers. IUN lost a building due to flooding in the September 2008 event. The Small Farms Area of Gary near Chase Street and most of the area within the Little Calumet floodplain have been problems for years. Stream maintenance is a definite issue, especially Turkey Creek and tributaries which affect Schererville, Merrillville, Hobart, and unincorporated area. Other areas of concern are the repetitive floods in Lake Station, Schneider has drainage issues due to the lack of maintenance of ditches along US 41 and poor storm water structures. In Winfield along 117th Avenue there have been flooding problems for many years. The Dike Ditch and Levee west of US 41 in West Creek Township protects almost 3000 acres and several homes and the Levee is deteriorating and in danger of failing. Much of south Lake County water flows into the Singleton Ditch before it gets to the Kankakee River and the Singleton is in constant need of maintenance to keep storm water moving. Lack of funding for these problems is the main concern, particularly in the Baldwin Subdivision (Dyer) and Ranburn Woods (Calumet Township). St. John needs wellhead protection for its water treatment plant. Dyer is working to protect the hospital from flooding Schererville works with the County Drainage Board but needs maintenance on Turkey Creek. Every community needs sanitary and storm water sewer work and Gary is in desperate need to address its CSO. Road elevations should be priorities at Taft St. in Merrillville, Kennedy Avenue from 77th to Main in Schererville, Eagleridge and 213th St. in Schererville, Chase St. from 25th to 35th in Calumet Township, 117th Avenue in Winfield, at Arizona and 109th in Winfield, and 93rd Ave. in St. John SR 2 at the viaduct east of US 41 in West Creek Township also needs to be raised as well as Main Street west of Lowell. Winter storms are an issue for all jurisdictions. Buried utility lines would help Snow removal equipment is needed and facilities and equipment should be checked. Lake County highway takes care of most of the unincorporated areas and it is undermanned and underequipped. St. John needs 3 new plows and a new truck. Schneider needs a new truck, plow, and barn. Winfield needs trucks and a barn. Transfer switches and generators are in short supply and most jurisdictions would like them. In particular, the Lions Club in Shelby, the Community Center in Schneider, the 3 Schererville Fire Departments and Town Hall, the Multi Purpose Facility in Calumet Township need to be renovated and provided generators. Lake Dalecarlia needs a shelter. The county should identify specific sites for more hub shelter sites. Hazmat is addressed through the Lake County Hazmat team although Gary, East Chicago, and Hammond have their own teams. There is a mutual aid agreement but all teams need training and equipment and most local fire departments need more training in first responder practices. Availability of equipment is an issue, equipment is expensive, housing should be better and shelters hardened. Due to Lake County’s location and industrial base, they participate in mutual aid pacts with Wisconsin and Illinois. Emergency Management Teams need more hazmat training. Communications is a problem. Rapid Notify or some other system needs to be more used. Better Community Alert Network upgrades could help. Sirens seem to have lost their effectiveness because no one pays attention. Maybe dual toned sirens would help. Nevertheless South Lake County needs more sirens, 3 in Lowell, 2 in Schererville, 1 in Schneider and several more in Winfield. Sirens to summon volunteer fire fighters should stop being used and everyone should go to a paging system to save sirens for hazard alerts only. Tornados and severe storms are monitored with NOAA radios. Most schools and hospitals have them and Lake County EMA is making an effort to make them more available, especially in other critical facilities. The Schneider Fire Department Station is in need of upgrading. Dry hydrants would be helpful especially in the unincorporated areas since water wagons are a big problem GIS information needs to be used for greater coordination with all jurisdictions. Earthquake information needs to be publicized and a planning and training exercise would be helpful. Meeting adjourned at 10:45. Jody Melton/Coordinator/NIRPC Gary, IN Pre-Disaster Mitigation Meeting January 29, 2010 at 1:00 p.m. Central Those present are listed in the following table. John Buechler The Polis Center Laura Danielson The Polis Center Melissa Gona The Polis Center Alan McCoy Cal Twp EMS Jeff Ward Gary Fire Dept Luci Horton Gary Sanitary District Nathaniel Brannon Gary Public Schools Geraldine B. Tousant Deputy Mayor, Gary James D. Craig City of Gary Zoning Ben Robinson Gary Building Dept Gary Carter Gary PD/EMA Laura Danielson described the plan and what it is to accomplish and how it will be formed. She provided an overview of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, explained the process of at least 6 meetings and the work that will be necessary. Laura Danielson presented a prepared list of disasters and mitigation activities for those disasters. She asked for prioritization of disasters and hazards facing Gary. The team described Gary’s strategies as follows. • Flooding 25th & Clay to State street, Black Oak, East Glen Park • Flooding west 25th • Flooding destroyed IU dormitory at IUN • Flooding 80-94 Grant and BroadWay exit • 15th & cline and 5th & Marshall flooding • Combined sewer problems • Finish Levee system • Hazmat training & equipment • Hardening of fire stations • No warning sirens in Gary • Bury power lines • Transfer switches • Upgrade Genesis Center for shelter • Flow allocation study • Sanitary district Generators • Revise mutual aid agreements Meeting adjourned 2:00 p.m. Laura Danielson/Polis St. John, IN Pre-Disaster Mitigation Meeting January 29, 2010 at 4:20 p.m. Central Those present are listed in the following table. John Buechler The Polis Center Laura Danielson The Polis Center Stephen Z. Kil Town Manager, St. John Laura Danielson described the plan and what it is to accomplish and how it will be formed. She provided an overview of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, explained the process of at least 6 meetings and the work that will be necessary. Laura Danielson presented a prepared list of disasters and mitigation activities for those disasters. She asked for prioritization of disasters and hazards facing St. John. Stephen Kil described St. John’s strategies as follows. Hazards Addressed Mitigation Item Comments Flood Assess and upgrade drainage system along major roadways Watts subdivision; lateral drain located under U.S. 41; downstream to Schererville; 85th Ave @ Parrish Flood Clear trees and debris from rivers, creeks, and/or ditches St. John Ditch @ Hart St.; Blaine St. & 101st North; Bull Run @ 109th st. Flood Conduct a sewer upgrade to separate stormwater and sanitary sewer lines DONE Flood Elevate roads that frequently flood 109th @ Bull Run; 85th Ave @ Parrish Flood Replace existing or install new culverts 9300 & Columbia; St. John Ditch @ Hart St; Blaine St. & 101st North; 85th Ave @ Parrish Winter Storm Bury new power lines DONE – ordinance requires new subdivisions to do Winter Storm Purchase new snow removal equipment and pre- treatment supplies Need 2 snow plows Hazmat Develop an evacuation plan for hazardous materials spills * working on an emergency response plan Hazmat Implement Reverse 911 DONE Hazmat Implement NOAA’s radio system for hazmat spill alerts Need NOAA radios Hazmat Purchase equipment for containing spills, e.g. absorbent materials Yes Earthquake Conduct a study to evaluate bridge structures Earthquake Public education: trailers, brochures at public events; etc. Need Earthquake Install inertial valves at critical facilities Need Multiple Hazards Procure back-up generators or transfer switches for critical facilities Need at lift stations, well sites, and water treatment plant (H) Multiple Hazards Develop a program to distribute weather radios to all critical facilities Need Multiple Hazards Create a database for identification of special needs population Need Multiple Hazards Identify a warming center Need Multiple Hazards Upgrade existing and install new warning sirens Need one hazmat siren Meeting adjourned 5:00 p.m. Laura Danielson/Polis Griffith, IN Pre-Disaster Mitigation Meeting February 16, 2010 at 4:00 p.m. Central Those present are listed in the following table. Dave Coats The Polis Center Melissa Gona The Polis Center George Jerome Town of Griffith Dave Coats described the plan and what it is to accomplish and how it will be formed. He provided an overview of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, explained the process of at least 6 meetings and the work that will be necessary. Melissa Gona presented a prepared list of disasters and mitigation activities for those disasters. She asked for prioritization of disasters and hazards facing Griffith. George Jerome described Griffith’s strategies as follows. • Assess and upgrade drainage system along major roadways specifically along N. Broad St from 45th to Ridge Rd. and along W Main St. from Elgin to Kennedy (this range extends past Griffith's boundaries). • Ongoing program to clear trees and debris from rivers, creeks, and/or ditches; federal project in progress for Cady Marsh Ditch • Conduct a sewer upgrade to separate stormwater and sanitary sewer lines; many home sump pumps are connected to sanitary sewer lines • Need ordinance to bury new power lines • Griffith has an existing tree trimming plan for parks. The power company handles all other areas. • A commodity flow study would be needed if it was not already completed as part of the recent agreement with CN railroad. • Development of a hazmat evacuation plan is currently in progress. • Install inertial valves at critical facilities • Griffith is in the process of installing natural gas generators at all fire stations. • In the process of creating a new emergency handout that will be mailed to all addresses. • Weather radios have been distributed to all schools and the police dispatch center. • Create a database for identification of special needs population and institute a plan for rescue and recovery • Need to harden all 3 fire stations and police stations • Warning siren upgrades are in progress, including battery backup systems • Griffith schools have been identified as shelters with staff plans that include Red Cross, church groups, school administrators and local volunteers. • Griffith added a Call1 system (reverse 911) after the recent tornado. Meeting adjourned 5:00 p.m. Laura Danielson/Polis Schererville, IN Pre-Disaster Mitigation Meeting February 26, 2010 at 9:00 a.m. Central Those present are listed in the following table. John Buechler The Polis Center Melissa Gona The Polis Center Joe Kruzan Schererville FD Jeff Huet Schererville PW Jim Gorman Schererville WWTP Daniel Smith Schererville Police Larry Mysliwiec Schererville Police Bob Volkmann Schererville Town Manager John Buechler described the plan and what it is to accomplish and how it will be formed. He provided an overview of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, explained the process of at least 6 meetings and the work that will be necessary. Melissa Gona presented a prepared list of disasters and mitigation activities for those disasters. She asked for prioritization of disasters and hazards facing Griffith. The team described Schererville’s strategies as follows. • Address localized flooding at Fountain Park • Bury new power lines • Upgrade existing and install new warning sirens • Complete a watershed study • Purchase new snow removal equipment and pre-treatment equipment and supplies • Replace sewer truck • Institute a buy-out plan for properties along Turkey Creek, Kennedy Ave, Summer St, and Starlight Dr. • Harden critical facilities, especially fire stations and schools; currently, only dispatch is hardened • Procure generators for fire stations and lift stations • Establish public outreach programs to educate residents on the hazards affecting the Town • Assess and upgrade drainage systems along Kennedy Ave and Eagle Ridge • Repair damaged dike located off Rohrman Rd. • Retrofit bridge at railroad intersection (U.S. 41 and U.S. 30) to improve drainage issues • Conduct a commodity flow study • Develop an alternative communication center as backup • Update evacuation plan for hazardous materials spills • Implement NOAA’s radio system for hazmat spill alerts • Distribute weather radios to all critical facilities • Develop a database of special needs populations Meeting adjourned 10:00 a.m. Laura Danielson/Polis Lake County Pre-Disaster Mitigation Meeting PUBLIC MEETING #1 March 16, 2010 – 2:00PM Calumet Township Multi-Purpose Center Meeting Minutes The public meeting for the Lake County Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) Committee was held on March 16, 2010, at the Calumet Township Multi-Purpose Center, 1900 W. 41st Avenue, Gary, IN. Those present are listed in the following table. Name Organization/Jurisdiction Dave Coats The Polis Center Laura Danielson The Polis Center Jody Melton NIRPC Joe Stahura City of Whiting Mike Frank Hobart EMA Rick Eberly Town of Dyer Jodi Richmond LCHS/EMA Herbie Cruz East Chicago EMA Dave Diehl East Chicago FD Peter Baranyai E.C.S.D. WWTP Joe Kruzan Schererville FD Joe Leavy Gary EMA James Brannon Gary EMA James B. Meyer Lake Station Cele Morris Indiana University NW Dave Pell Munster EMA James Knesek Munster FD Bill Timmer Highland FD Bill Cook Hammond FD Shirley Stanford City of Gary Christopher Shannon Cal Township Trustee Gary Carter Gary EMA Alan McCoy Cal Township EMS Dan Gardner Lake Co. Surveyors Office Jeffrey Ward Gary Fire Department Dave Coats opened the meeting with a discussion of the draft plan for those in attendance explaining the process to date and the information gathering process for the draft document. Copies of the draft plan were presented to those in attendance for review. Dave Coats and Laura Danielson then presented a PowerPoint overview of the critical information contained in the draft including a number of scenarios depicted in the plan utilizing the data collected from the planning committee in the second planning meeting. Upon the conclusion of the presentation, The Polis Center opened the floor for further discussion and questions. The group concluded that each jurisdiction would review the draft and submit revisions to Jodi Richmond by April 20, 2010. Jodi would be responsible for forwarding all changes to Polis. Once Polis makes the necessary edits, it will submit the Lake County plan to IDHS and FEMA for review. The meeting adjourned at 3:30PM. Laura Danielson, The Polis Center Lake County Pre-Disaster Mitigation Meeting PUBLIC MEETING #2 March 16, 2010 – 6:00PM Calumet Township Multi-Purpose Center Meeting Minutes The second public meeting for the Lake County Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) Committee was held on March 16, 2010, at the Lake County Government Center Auditorium, 2293 N. Main Street, Crown Point, IN. Those present are listed in the following table. Name Organization/Jurisdiction Dave Coats The Polis Center Laura Danielson The Polis Center Jody Melton NIRPC Gregory White L.C. Surveyors Office Dan Gossman L.C. Surveyors Office George Van Til L.C. Surveyors Office Matt Lake CBBEL Dan Niksch City of Crown Point Jason Dravet Town of St. John Roger Patz Town of Cedar Lake Elijah Cole 2900 W. 93rd Ave Jennifer Payne IDHS Stephanie Stiener Town of Winfield Heidi Kendall Town of Winfield Ron Svetic L.C. Fire Chief John Pisowicz Crown Point EMA Christina Lazerus Post-Tribune Dave Coats opened the meeting with a discussion of the draft plan for those in attendance explaining the process to date and the information gathering process for the draft document. Copies of the draft plan were presented to those in attendance for review. Dave Coats and Laura Danielson then presented a PowerPoint overview of the critical information contained in the draft including a number of scenarios depicted in the plan utilizing the data collected from the planning committee in the second planning meeting. Upon the conclusion of the presentation, The Polis Center opened the floor for further discussion and questions. The group concluded that each jurisdiction would review the draft and submit revisions to Jodi Richmond by April 20, 2010. Jodi would be responsible for forwarding all changes to Polis. Once Polis makes the necessary edits, it will submit the Lake County plan to IDHS and FEMA for review. The meeting adjourned at 7:00PM. Laura Danielson, The Polis Center Appendix B – Articles published by Local Newspaper Public Notice or Legal Notice #: 1609615 LEGAL NOTICE Hazard Mitigation Committee Seeks LEGAL NOTICE Hazard Mitigation Committee Seeks Public Input Lake County officials have partnered with The Polis Center of Indiana University Purdue University-Indianapolis (IUPUI) to develop a Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP). The completed plan will ensure that Lake County is eligible for federal funding to implement mitigation measures that will minimize the effects of a disaster. Over the last several months, Lake County's mitigation planning committee and The Polis Center have met to discuss and prioritize Lake County's potential hazards including flooding, dam and levee failure, tornadoes, severe thunderstorms, earthquakes, hazardous materials spills, and winter storms. The Polis Center then used FEMA's unique modeling software to provide casualty and damage estimates relating to each hazard. The planning committee is interested in receiving public input on the MHMP. At the public meeting, The Polis Center will present the results of the plan and distribute draft copies to the public, who will have the opportunity to make suggestions during a Q&A session at the end of the meeting. Public meetings will be held on March 16, 2010 at the following locations and times. Calumet Township Multi-Purpose Center @ 2:00 p.m. 1900 W. 41st Avenue, Gary Lake County Government Center Auditorium @ 6:00 p.m. 2293 N. Main Street, Crown Point For more information, contact Jodi Richmond at the Lake County EMA, 219-755-3549, or Jody Melton at NIRPC, 219-763-6060. 3/4,10 - --- Posting Date: 03/05/2010 State: Indiana Category: Meeting County: City: Roads thaw, while motorists are left to remember the morning commute WILLIAM DOLAN AND CHRIS KELLER The Times | Posted: Thursday, February 19, 2009 12:00 am | No Comments Posted http://bloximages.chicago2.vip.townnews.com/nwitimes.com/content/tncms/assets/editorial/0/69/980/06998067-c0f4-523b-9e77-a325699b3066.preview-300.jpg?_dc=1245654767 CHRISTOPHER SMITH buy this photo Roads are quieter now Thursday evening after police and emergency personnel from around the region dealt with traffic accidents, slideoffs and long delays from icy roads this morning. Illinois State Police dealt with five crashes before 3:30 p.m., but there were no active lane blockages at the time. An Indiana State Police dispatcher said the number of accident calls have thinned out at 3:30 p.m. since the amount of accidents this morning. Roads thaw, while motorists are left to remember the morning commute Griffith police Lt. Don McCarter said there were a couple of accidents in the town this morning, but there were no active incidents early Thursday afternoon. Cmdr. George Georgeff of the Highland Police Department said between the morning and 3:45 p.m., police dealt with eight accidents, which was "abnormally high because of weather" but none were "very serious." Some of the roads in the town were restricted because of ice, but those restrictions were removed in the afternoon. In LaPorte County, although roads were still snow covered in the afternoon, according to a police dispatcher, there weren't any major crashes resulting from the weather. This afternoon, a spotter measured that 3.5 inches of snow fell overnight in Chesterton. About 10:30 a.m., 2 inches of snow fell in Cedar Lake Thursday morning. The ice that left the region's streets glazed over Thursday morning, and left scores of motorists stranded on major highways, was the aftermath of a weather system that flash froze morning rains and dumped seven hours of snow. Northbound Interstate 65 traffic remained slow from 61st Avenue to Interstate 80/94 due to heavy traffic and lingering ice, but much of the Region roadways had thawed out by late morning. The thaw came after an early morning period when state police had suggested that motorists traveling into Northwest Indiana wait until road conditions improve, and icy conditions led authorities to close portions of I-65 and Interstate 94 near the Indiana Toll Road. State police warned motorists that delays and lane restrictions remained along I-80/94 and the toll road. Lake County Highway Department Superintendent Marcus Malczewski said county roads were open throughout the morning commute, but called conditions "treacherous." "It (was) packed ice. We have had all 38 trucks out 6 p.m. Wednesday night. We have our materials down on the road," he said. "This is when you really need the salt and we've had it, but salt stops working below 16 degrees so you have to pump calcium chloride with it to make it work. Now that the sun is out, it could start breaking." Lake County police responded to about 26 weather-related incidents, including disabled vehicles, traffic hazards, spin-out crashes and accidents, spokesman Michael Higgins said. Porter County police said there were no significant traffic accidents Thursday morning, but there were a number of cars that had slid off area roads. Icy conditions on Wednesday evening contributed to one traffic fatality, Indiana State Police said. Twenty-six-year-old Jihan M. Abuokab lost control of her vehicle about 11:30 p.m. Wednesday while driving on I- 65 near the DeMotte exit, according to a state police news release. Abuokab, a Palos Park resident, was taken to Jasper County Hospital in Rensselaer where she was pronounced dead of massive head injuries, the news release said. Three passengers were also taken to Jasper County Hospital with minor injuries, and no one in the vehicle wore seat belts, according to the news release. Road conditions also contributed to an accident that knocked out electricity to about 950 NIPSCO customers and the Gary-Chicago International Airport at 5:30 a.m. Thursday after a vehicle hit a utility pole on Industrial Highway. Electric generators kicked on for the control tower and airport administrative building and aircraft could still land, according to Airport Director Chris Curry. A Channel 7 News helicopter wanted to refuel at a private facility at the airport but had to be turned away, Curry said. NIPSCO restored power to the airport at about 7:30 a.m., he said. All but a handful of residential customers had power restored by 7:30 a.m. a NIPSCO spokesman said. The Gary Jet Center, the airport's fixed-base operator for corporate and other aircraft, was without electricity for the duration of the outage, according to owner Wil Davis. However, refueling operations were able to continue because they are not dependent on electricity, he said. The weather meant no school for Crown Point, Lake Central, Hanover Central and Tri-Creek students, and two hour delays for East Porter County School Corporation students. Westbound South Shore trains also were delayed Thursday morning after mechanical problems developed near the Beverly Shores station. The Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District added additional cars on later trains to provide extra capacity. More snow is expected to move into the Region beginning Friday evening and could leave up to 6 inches of snow by the time it's over on Saturday. And a flood warning continues for several spots along the Kankakee River, including near Shelby, Kouts and Dunn's Bridge in Porter County. The National Weather Service expects river levels to remain high before slowly falling over the next several days. As of 6:45 p.m. Thursday, the river was at 11.4 feet, up from 10.9 feet early this morning. Flood stage is 9 feet. The river level is expected to dip back toward 9 feet over the next seven days. Times Staff Writers Keith Benman and Bowdeya Tweh contributed to this report. Posted in Local on Thursday, February 19, 2009 12:00 am Updated: 2:12 am. | Tags: Weather Storm causes wind damage, flooding in northern Indiana The Associated Press Strong winds damaged buildings and downed trees in northern Indiana overnight, and downpours from the storm left scattered flooding. An unconfirmed tornado was reported late Wednesday near Argos, about 30 miles south of South Bend, according to the National Weather Service. In Schererville, trees were uprooted and fences broken. State police reported trees fell on both the Indiana Toll Road and Interstate 94 in Gary, blocking lanes on both interstates. Part of the roof of an apartment building in East Chicago was torn off. A factory had roof damage and a Marshall County Sheriff's Department car was hit by debris from a gas station. "I just saw the roof from the BP fly off," Officer Corey Morris said. "The BP sign came over and struck my car and my car started moving." One woman was injured near Culver when her leg was pinned under a tree that fell on her porch. Police and paramedics were able to free her and she was taken to a hospital. Her condition was not known. The storm front first swept through northwestern Indiana, with large hail reported in Lake and Porter counties. Wind knocked down trees and power lines as the storm moved southeast. About 60,000 customers remained without power in northern Indiana by late morning Thursday, most in Lake County, according to the Northern Indiana Public Service Co. About 100,000 customers total had service interrupted for a time. He said crews expected to work through the weekend to restore power. The weather service issued tornado warnings for much of the area between Logansport and Fort Wayne. Wind gusts of 50 mph to 60 mph were reported, with flash flooding in Valparaiso and Merrillville. As the northern part of the state was dealing with severe weather, southern Indiana is sweltering under record high temperatures. It hit 104 degrees in Evansville Wednesday, a record high for the date, which was set in 1896 at 100 degrees, according to the weather service. It was the hottest day since 1966. Wednesday also marked the 13th consecutive day of temperatures 95 degrees or higher in the city and was the fourth day in August above 100 degrees. "This is just a significant heat wave," said Wayne Hart, chief meteorologist for WEHT-News25. "I think we're going to break it, but it's not a guarantee." Copyright 2007 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed Storms Cause Damage, Power Outages In Parts Of Indiana Front Will Bring Cooler Air A storm wave that moved across the state Friday evening caused power outages and prompted some damage reports in parts of western and northern Indiana. Storms entered the state early Friday evening, and downed trees and power lines were reported in parts of Parke and Vermillion counties, according to the National Weather Service. Many damage reports were made in northern Indiana, parts of which were still dealing with high water and destruction from storms a day earlier. In the Huntington area, more than a dozen houses were damaged by fallen trees during a storm Friday, according to the weather service. Widespread power outages were reported in the Terre Haute, Marion and Fort Wayne areas from Friday's storms. The storms accompanied a frontal system that promises an end to the blazing heat that enveloped much of the state for the past couple of days. High temperatures were expected in the mid-90s on Friday after reaching the upper 90s on Thursday. Indianapolis implemented its extreme heat plan as heat indices climbed above 100 degrees for a second straight day. The same storm system was responsible for strong winds that caused damage and hundreds of thousands of power outages in the Chicago area on Thursday evening. Northern Indiana Still Dealing With Flooding From Thursday Storms Authorities moved patients from a northwestern Indiana hospital on Friday as water from a flooded creek began seeping into the building after storms hit the area the night before. About 70 patients were being moved by ambulance from St. Margaret Mercy Hospital in Dyer to other hospitals in the Chicago area, hospital spokeswoman Maria Ramos said. "The hospital is surrounded by water from the flooding," Ramos said. "It is up to our entry doors." The Thursday night thunderstorm also caused widespread power outages and flooding that closed a 3-mile stretch of eastbound Interstate 80/94 in the Hammond area on Friday. Two westbound lanes of the highway also were closed as crews worked to pump out the water. Police officers and firefighters were going door-to-door in Dyer, telling those in a neighborhood near the hospital to leave. Ramos said Plum Creek, which runs behind the hospital in the town along the Indiana-Illinois state line, had overflowed and filled retention ponds on the hospital grounds. Crews were setting up sandbags to keep floodwater at bay and working to pump the water away, Ramos said. Some areas of the hospital were operating on emergency power. State police said it could be Saturday before all lanes of I-80/94 would be reopened. Some cities and towns also redirected traffic because of flooded streets. State police reported two people died early Friday when the van in which they were riding hit a patch of high water on U.S. 30 in Porter County, went out of control and collided with a semitrailer. Those killed were Jirong Liu and Xiangyang Xu of Shanghai, China, both visiting scholars at Valparaiso University. The storm that moved through Thursday night also knocked out power to more than 81,000 homes and businesses in a stretch concentrated from Hammond to Michigan City. Northern Indiana Public Service Co. reported some 16,000 outages remained Friday night. The strong winds on Thursday knocked down the 38,800-square-foot hangar under construction at the Gary/Chicago International Airport. The hangar was left "a pile of metal," Gary Jet Center President Will Davis said. "The wind pushed it down, a tremendous amount of wind," he said. It was the second time in 10 days that the area was hit hard by storms. On Aug. 15, hundreds of homes and businesses in Lake and Porter counties were damaged when the storm with hail and winds topping 70 mph hit the area. Copyright 2007 by TheIndyChannel.com. The Associated Press contributed to this report. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. May 15, 2007 11:19 pm US/Central 1 Dead After Severe Storm In Northwest Indiana Powerful Rain And Winds Knock Down Trees And Light Poles CBS 2 Northwest Indiana Bureau Chief Pamela Jones and the Associated Press contributed to this report. MERRILLVILLE, Ind. (CBS) . http://llnw.image.cbslocal.com/0/2007/05/15/175x131/images_sizedimage_135181018.jpg A powerful storm ripped this tree out of the ground on Tuesday, nearly knocking it into Dawn Krajci's home in Crown Point, Ind. Some intense storms moved through the Chicago area Tuesday afternoon, including possible tornado sightings in the southwest suburbs and northwest Indiana. As CBS 2 Northwest Indiana Bureau Chief Pamela Jones reports, the danger was over by Tuesday night, but the damage from the powerful winds is done. It was confirmed Tuesday evening that a tornado touched down in LaPorte, Ind. You could see it in the leaning trees and hear it in the air. At around 2:30 Tuesday afternoon a storm packing high winds tore through northwest Indiana. Witnesses say the storm ripped part of the roof off a preschool in Cedar Lake. "Something hit the top of the building and it lifted the back of the roof up, and a lot of water came down in there and we went in there and checked it out," said head preschool teacher Jennifer Moes. And there's quite a bit of water damage." She was supposed to be inside Grand Tots Day Care at the time, but she was at another school location, blocks away, where the storm seemed to tug at everything. "The ceiling tiles were all blowing everywhere," Moes said. "And we were rushed down to the boiler room and we were stuck there all afternoon." Just down the road the wind snapped utility poles and slung power lines onto the street. "We had a massive storm come through," said Cedar Lake Fire Chief Todd Wilkening. "That's all we know of as of right now." The grounds at St Elijah Serbian Church are normally pristine, but a snapped tree and a fallen light post were evidence that a powerful thunderstorm swept over the property. The worst part of the storm pushed through northwest Indiana in just a few minutes. A CBS 2 news crew was there when the Krajci family from Crown Point found the storm had ripped a huge tree right out of the ground. They'd just bought this house a few days ago, ironically as a fixer-upper to sell. The tree fell within inches of the home. Homeowner Dawn Krajci said, "I can't believe it didn't hit the house the way it fell. It's incredible, it's just, I mean, we were lucky." But in Portage, the driver of a pickup wasn't so lucky. He died when a falling tree crushed him – a sign of the danger storms like this carry. That driver had license plates from outside the CBS 2 viewing area. Emergency officials say residents of northwest Indiana are lucky the destruction wasn't worse, and that's partly because people obeyed the tornado sirens warning them to take cover. (© MMVII, CBS Broadcasting Inc. All Rights Reserved.) Damages from Indiana tornado hit $1 million http://images.usatoday.com/_common/_images/clear.gif http://images.usatoday.com/weather/_photos/2001/2001-08-26-indianatornado.jpg By Tasos Katopodis, AP Workers clean up a damaged section of Kohl's Department Store at the Southlake Mall Saturday in Hobart, Ind., after a tornado whipped off part of a wall. http://images.usatoday.com/_common/_images/clear.gif HOBART, Ind. (AP) — A day after a tornado touched down in northwestern Indiana, toppling trees and fences and stripping homes of gutters and roofing, residents began cleaning up Sunday from the surprise storm. Two people were slightly injured in Saturday evening's storm, which caught most residents off guard and caused an estimated $1 million in damages during its seven minutes on the ground. The twister touched down in eastern Lake County at a shopping district and dissipated several miles later north of U.S. 30 after charging through a portion of the city's Green Acres subdivision. The worst damage was at Hobart's Kohl's Department Store, where the tornado whipped away one side of the building and collapsed an inside wall. "Everything exploded out," said Dan Cieslak, who does janitorial work at Kohl's. "It was so fast. There was no warning." In Hobart's Green Acres subdivision, Jason Janiszewski was celebrating his 25th birthday under rented tents with his parents and several friends when rain and darkening skies sent the partygoers into his garage. Only moments later, the storm hit, Janiszewski said Sunday. "We looked out and the wind was blowing this, then that way and then it got quiet and still," he said. "Then it hit and we were watching things flying up, trees flying around and everyone headed for the basement." The storm stripped away some of his home's gutters and roofing, shattered windows and damaged his truck when it collapsed a party tent, sending the metal poles into the side of the vehicle. Janiszewski, like many of his neighbors, spent much of Sunday waiting for his insurance assessor to arrive. He said the storm severely damaged the roof of his parents' nearby home. Dorothy Hines, 82, said she had never seen a storm as fierce and dangerous as the tornado, which destroyed her garage. "I was watching the news and, as I came through the dining room, I heard this terrible noise," said Hines, who has lived in her house for 59 years. "I said, 'Oh my God,' I don't have a garage anymore." About 90 Northern Indiana Public Service Co. customers remained without power Sunday afternoon due to scattered storm-related causes such as fallen branches, said NIPSCO spokesman Chris Taelman. The outages peaked at about 10 p.m. Saturday, when 2,400 customers throughout northern Indiana were without electricity. The outages remaining Sunday were isolated cases, mainly centered in the LaPorte County area, he said. National Weather Service Meteorologist Christine Krause said the storm arose so quickly the National Weather Service had only two minutes to warn the public. The tornado's intensity won't be known until the Weather Service completes its investigation today or Monday, she said. The combination of a warm front and an upper level disturbance made conditions "just right" for a tornado, Krause said. --- Copyright 2001 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. Northern Indiana Left Devastated By Floods At Least 3 Dead In North Central, Northwest Part Of State MERRILLVILLE, Ind. (CBS/Post-Tribune) . Residents of Monticello, Indiana, are evacuated due to flooding. Indiana Floods Turn Deadly As Rain Continues (1/9/2008) The May temperatures that came to the area this week had devastating and even deadly consequences, particularly in parts of Indiana. As CBS 2's Kristyn Hartman reports, residents of north central and northwest Indiana are watching waters recede and cleaning up the damage. But earlier, at least three people, two of them children, drowned in the flooding. Heavy rain has made for a very serious situation in Merrillville, Gary and other northwest Indiana municipalities, where some basements and even homes were left under feet of water. The problems were even worse in the north central Indiana town of Monticello, where widespread evacuations have been necessary. "The first person we got out was a guy in a wheelchair," said Monticello Fire Chief Shane Swaim, "and by the time we got to him, he was actually floating in the water." Floodwaters proved deadly for a family 20 miles outside of Monticello. A mother was driving in a sport-utility vehicle with five children inside when the floodwaters made her car stall and then float away. She was able to get three of the children out of the car, but the 2- and 5-year-old children died. It's a situation that has officials urging a lot of people near here to move to higher ground. Firefighters say six inches of water turned into at six least feet of it in just a couple of hours. But Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCO), the power company here, says it's operating properly and the gates are open, allowing more of the Tippecanoe River through, despite false rumors earlier. The problems instead have been caused by too much rain falling very quickly. The road to their Monticello home and some 25 other streets closed due to high water after Monday night's storm. Rescue teams took people by boat across the Tippecanoe River, which could not hold its banks. Dam gates opened to allow rushing water through following the storms. Chopper 2's aerial shots of the area showed just what residents have been dealing with. White County, Ind., Emergency Management estimates that 150 families could not return to their homes Tuesday night. "We saw the boats going by upside down, picnic tables, life rafts," said flood victim Joy Chaney. "We lost everything in our yard." Some Monticello residents were reluctant to evacuate. "We've seen a lot of distraught citizens watching their houses," said Monticello Mayor Jason Thompson. "They don't want to leave their houses." White County Emergency Management officials say dams have been holding at the same volume since about midnight Tuesday night, so the water is no longer rising. --Kristyn Hartman, CBS 2 News Subdivision Floods Again in Merrillville Farther northwest in Merrillville, water covered the streets, but homes were dry early Wednesday morning. But a day earlier, the Broadfield apartment subdivision flooded for the second time in less than six months. Ann Cazangiu was trapped in her Broadfield home due to flooding in August, and in January, it happened all over again Floodwater from Monday night's rain engulfed the cul de sac, sending papers floating out of recycling bins. The town closed 93rd Avenue from Broadway to Mississippi all day so that workers could pump the water from Broadfield to a retention pond on the south side of 93rd. But by midafternoon the water had risen over the sidewalks, Cazangiu said. There were no reports of flooded homes, though. "The last time it was worse,"she said, referring to August flooding. "We had to leave." Lake County Surveyor George Van Til said the county loaned Merrillville pumps to remove the water. The county is currently assisting the town in investigating the source of the flooding, Van Til said. In Gary, Vicki Halstead woke up to water seeping into her basement on Tuesday morning and thought, "Oh, no, not again." Heavy rains had wrecked the basement of the house at 3332 Connecticut St. in August, requiring the replacement of several appliances, and Halstead feared the situation would repeat itself. Halstead called the Gary Sanitary District to clear the overflowing sewers, but to no avail. "The only thing they keep saying is they'll send someone out here," Halstead said. By Tuesday afternoon, 3 feet of water had built up in the basement. The house has two sump pumps, but they were no match for a devastating mix of melting snow and severe thunderstorms. Halstead fears that she'll have to replace the washer, dryer, furnace and water heater. --Diane Krieger Spival and Christin Nance Lazerus, Post-Tribune Flooding Casket Sinks Spirits In Hobart The family of Harold Upshaw Jr. witnessed a beautiful funeral service Monday morning for the loved one they called "Slim." The preacher preached, the mourners mourned, and Bible scripture served as the perfect balm for the family's loss. That is, until Upshaw's casket was finally lowered into the ground at Evergreen Memorial Cemetery in Hobart. And it floated. Yes, floated. Lingering rain, melted snow, and slow drainage issues caused that part of the cemetery to flood, and workers had to install pumps to help drain all the water. But it wasn't enough. "I was forced to see my son's casket float in that water instead of being properly laid to rest," sighed his mother, Monwella Upshaw of Gary. "That will now be our lasting image of his funeral," said his brother-in-law, Wallace Bryant. Harold Upshaw Jr., a 1979 Gary West Side High School graduate and U.S. Army veteran, died on New Year's Day, the victim of a hit-and-run accident in Dallas, where he lived. His family had his body flown home, and a local funeral home picked a cemetery plot as close as possible to his mother's preplanned plot. But no one planned on Upshaw's casket floating in his grave site. "That just isn't right," Bryant said, breaking down to cry. The cemetery's manager said she was "humbly sorry" for what happened, and there's no way for her to "bring back yesterday" for the Upshaw family. --Jerry Davich, Post-Tribune Little Calumet River Basin Development References The Little Calumet River Basin Development Commission was created in 1980 by the Indiana General Assembly to serve as the required local sponsor for the Little Calumet River, Indiana Flood Control and Recreation Project. The federal project, which was authorized for construction in the 1986 Water Resources Development Act, is designed to provide structural flood protection up to the 200-year level along the main channel of the Little Calumet River from the Illinois State line to Martin Luther King Drive in Gary. To accomplish this protection, the federal project is being constructed in eight geographic stages, totaling 29 construction contracts. To maximize participation of local contractors and minority/disadvantaged businesses, a 40 percent goal for contracting and labor participation was proposed by the development commission and adopted by the Corps of Engineers. Project features include: • Construction of over 9.7 miles of set-back levees in Gary and Griffith. • Construction of 12.2 miles of levees and floodwalls in Hammond, Highland and Munster • Installation of a flow diversion structure at the Hart Ditch confluence in Hammond/Munster • Modification of four major highway bridges along the river corridor to permit better flow • Creation of 16.8 miles of hiking/biking trails connecting recreational developments Direct project benefits: • Protect 3,500 acres of existing residential. commercial, industrial and transportation, uses from flooding • Protect over 9,500 structures from flooding, of which 8,755 are residences • Create a 2,000 acre river/recreation Commission History Preceding the development commission in the early planning and engineering studies of the river were a Governor's Study Committee in 1970 and the Little Calumet River Basin Commission – a planning group made up of representatives of the communities/counties within the river drainage basin and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources (1971-1983). Development Commission Board • Chairman - Dan Dernulc, Governor's Appt. • Vice-chairman - William Baker - Governor's Appt. • Treasurer - R. Kent Gurley - Lake County Commissioners' Appt. • Secretary - Mark Gordish - Mayor of Hammond Appt • Arlene Colvin - Mayor of Gary Appt. • Ron McAhron - IDNR Appt. • William Biller - Governor's Appt • Vacancy - Governor's Appt. • John Mroczkowski - Governor's Appt. • Vacancy - Governor's Appt. • Vacancy - Governor's Appt. Development Commission Staff • Vacancy, Executive Director • Louis Casale, Commission Attorney • Sandy Mordus, Business Operations Coordinator • James Pokrajac, Agent, Land Management/ Engineering • Judith Vamos, Land Acquisition Agent • Lorraine Kray – Crediting Technician • Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission – Administrative Services Contract corridor system • Project major public/state investments such as Indiana University Northwest Campus and I-80/94 (Borman Expressway) from costly flooding damages • Bring over $65 million in federal construction/ improvement contracts to northwest Indiana • Allow over 1,500 acres of presently marginal land to be reclaimed for economic development/ redevelopment uses along the urbanized Borman corridor Last updated 20 January 2009 Appendix C – Historical Hazards from NCDC The following records were obtained from NCDC. The data was not verified, and the county and jurisdictions may have more updated information. Location or County Date Type Mag Dth Inj PrD CrD Description Lake 6/16/1960 Tornado F1 0 0 3K 0 Not Available Lake 4/23/1961 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 4/23/1961 Tornado F3 0 0 25K 0 Not Available Lake 6/22/1961 Tornado F1 0 1 3K 0 Not Available Lake 7/20/1962 Tornado F2 0 0 25K 0 Not Available Lake 7/20/1962 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 6/19/1964 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 11/12/1965 Tornado F3 0 14 250K 0 Not Available Lake 7/13/1966 Tornado F2 0 0 25K 0 Not Available Lake 6/4/1969 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 7/2/1970 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 6/16/1973 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 6/16/1973 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 6/16/1973 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 6/20/1974 Tornado F3 0 5 250K 0 Not Available Lake 6/20/1974 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 6/20/1974 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 6/14/1975 Tstm Wind 52 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 6/14/1975 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 6/14/1975 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 3/4/1976 Tornado F1 0 0 25K 0 Not Available Lake 3/12/1976 Tornado F2 0 0 3K 0 Not Available Lake 3/12/1976 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 6/29/1976 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 6/29/1976 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 6/29/1976 Tornado F0 0 0 3K 0 Not Available Lake 7/15/1976 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 7/28/1976 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 6/8/1977 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Location or County Date Type Mag Dth Inj PrD CrD Description Lake 6/30/1977 Tornado F2 0 1 2.5M 0 Not Available Lake 6/30/1977 Tornado F1 0 0 3K 0 Not Available Lake 7/26/1978 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 7/9/1980 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 8/13/1980 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 8/13/1980 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 4/4/1981 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 6/8/1981 Tornado F1 0 0 250K 0 Not Available Lake 10/17/1981 Tornado F1 0 0 25K 0 Not Available Lake 4/3/1982 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 7/1/1983 Hail 2.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 7/1/1983 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 7/2/1983 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 7/17/1983 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 7/19/1983 Tstm Wind 55 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 9/18/1983 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 8/5/1989 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 1 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 3/27/1991 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 3/27/1991 Hail 0.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 3/27/1991 Hail 2.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 3/27/1991 Tstm Wind 56 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 6/15/1991 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 7/7/1991 Hail 1.00 in. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 10/4/1991 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 3/6/1992 Hail 1.75 in. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 6/17/1992 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 6/17/1992 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 6/17/1992 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 7/2/1992 Tstm Wind 67 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 7/2/1992 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Lake 7/2/1992 Tstm Wind 0 kts. 0 2 0 0 Not Available Lake 7/8/1992 Hail 0.88 in. 0 0 0 0 Not Available Location or County Date Type Mag Dth Inj PrD CrD Description Lake 1/1/1993 Flood N/A 0 0 5.0M 0 Northern and,07 West Central IN Near major flooding developed during early January in northern Indiana. Extensive flooding occurred along the Kankakee, Elkhart, Tippecanoe, Yellow, both St. Joseph Rivers, and numerous lakes in northeast Indiana. At least 1000 residential units were affected by the flooding and over 20 evacuations resulted. The antecedent conditions for this flood were reminiscent of the late December 1990 and early January 1991 major flood. Cold weather arrived Christmas Eve and froze the ground. Snow cover of three to seven inches in northern Indiana melted quickly at the end of December, with rain of two to three inches occurring on the 30th and 31st. Significant flooding developed along northern Indiana rivers by January 1. Just as the rivers were beginning to fall, an additional 1.5 to 2.5 inches of rain fell across the entire state on the 3rd and 4th. This produced near major flooding in northern Indiana, and significant widespread flooding across central and western Indiana. The hardest hit counties were LaGrange, Steuben and Noble. Three to four hundred lake side homes were flooded in these counties because of rises in lake levels. Rome City in northern Noble County was especially hard hit. Damage caused by the flooded lakes was estimated at 2 million dollars. Nearly 150 homes at Sumava Resorts in northern Newton County were threatened by a weakened dike. Local officials sandbagged business districts in Plymouth and South Bend to prevent flood damage. Nine families were evacuated in Pulaski County because of flooding. The Tippecanoe River flooded nearly 200 homes in Carroll County. The Wabash River isolated about 60 families near Lodi in northern Parke County. The flooding affected numerous local and several state roads. Flooding along portions of the Kankakee and both St. Joseph Rivers was the highest since 1985. Flooding along other streams in northern Indiana and the Wabash River in western Indiana was the highest since the flood of December 1990-January 1991. Lake 10/17/1993 Flood N/A 0 0 500K 500K Significant agricultural flooding occurred along the Kankakee River in northwest Indiana. The Iroquois River flooded several homes and city streets in Rensselaer and State Road 55 near Foresman. Lake 6/13/1994 Urban Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 Heavy rain in southern Lake County caused flooding of roads and farmland. At Hebron, 5.18 inches of rain was recorded. Northern 5/9/1996 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 None Reported Lake 7/17/1996 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 None Reported Gary 8/13/2001 Rip Currents N/A 1 0 0 0 A 19 year old man drowned after he was caught in a rip current while swimming along the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. Lake 7/17/2003 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 Thunderstorms formed over far northeast Illinois during the afternoon hours of July 17th and moved southeast into northwest Indiana during the evening hours. Trees, large tree limbs and power lines were blown down across many parts of Lake county, including St. John, Munster and Cedar Lake. Large tree limbs and power lines were blown down in St. John. A tree fell onto a house in Griffith causing significant damage to the building. A large tree also fell onto a house in Hobart causing massive damage to the second floor. An old lumber storage building was blown down near Dyer. Many other areas received large hail. Very heavy rain fell across Lake and Porter counties which caused flooding of some streets and low lying areas. A few roads were impassable because of high water. Rainfall amounts ranged between 1 and 2 inches but the rain fell in a very short period of time. 2.1 inches of rain was reported in just 15 minutes in Munster. Lake 7/21/2003 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 Thunderstorms moved across northwest Indiana producing hail and very heavy rain during the early morning hours of July 21st. Flooding was reported across all of Lake county. Houses were Location or County Date Type Mag Dth Inj PrD CrD Description flooded in Dyer, St. John, and Schererville. Route 41 and Route 30 was closed with 3 to 4 feet of standing water. A few businesses suffered roof damage from the heavy rains in Lake county. Flooding was also reported in Hebron in Porter county and in Wheatfield in Jasper county. Many roads were closed due to flooding. The ground across parts of northwest Indiana was already saturated from heavy rains on July 17th. Some storm total rainfall reports include 5.50 inches in Wheatfield, 3.64 inches in Lowell, 3.27 inches in Crown Point and 2.16 inches in Rensselaer. For the entire month of July, Wheatfield reported 17.15 inches, Lowell reported 13.16 inches, Crown Point reported 10.35 inches and Rensselaer reported 16.93 inches. Lake 7/27/2003 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 A line of thunderstorms moved across northwest Indiana during the afternoon hours of July 27th. Trees were blown down blocking roads near Demotte and a three foot diameter tree was blown down near the intersection of Indiana Highway 14 and county road 475E, about 6 miles east of Lewiston. Flooding also occurred across the northern portion of Lake county were 2 to 3 inches of rain fell. Four feet of water was reported on Merrillville, Sibley and Wilson Roads in Calumet City. Flooding was also reported along US Route 6 in Gary. Merrillville 5/14/2004 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 Street flooding occurred. A total of 1.64 inches of rain fell in less than one hour. East Chicago 5/22/2004 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 Several inches of water was on Indianapolis Road, north of I-80 in Hammond. Highland 7/21/2004 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 Street flooding up to the curbs with portions of 45th St. impassible. During the morning hours of July 21, a cold front extended from north central Wisconsin southwestward through northwestern Iowa. Ahead of the cold front, over the upper midwest, a very humid, unstable airmass had set up. By late morning, a small cluster of thunderstorms had developed over northwestern Illinois. These storms tracked into north cental Illinois, reaching their peak intensity over Ogle County, producing wind gusts up to 58 mph and causing isolated incidents of damage to trees. This storm cluster then weakened as it moved eastward. By early afternoon, more thunderstorms began to develop over northeastern Illinois. A small area of strong thunderstorms initially developed over the western Chicago suburbs and rapidly developed into a line of severe storms extending over the rest of the metro area. The line of storms rapidly moved eastward into northwestern Indiana. These storms left a path of wind damage over southern and southeastern portions of the Chicago metro area and into rural sections of northwestern Indiana. Strong wind gusts were also measured by coastal observing stations of Lake Michigan. Numerous incidents of wind damage were observed, with a considerable number of trees knocked down or large limbs torn from trees. Power poles were knocked down over many locations. While the primary threat was strong winds, there were also isolated reports of up to 1 inch diameter hail as well. Lake 1/13/2005 Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 During the late afternoon of January 12, a strong cold front crossed the Mississippi River into Illinois. The airmass ahead of the cold front in Illinois was unseasonably warm and humid. By early evening, a squall line formed ahead of the front and moved rapidly eastward through northern Illinois, producing strong wind gusts, small hail and heavy rains. As the system moved through eastern Illinois and into western Indiana, between 2 and 3 inches of rainfall was reported over east-central portions of Illinois and west-central portions of Indiana. This heavy rain combined with snow melt caused flooding. Numerous rural roads were reported to be covered with water across the northern half of Newton County, including US Highway 41. Sandbagging operations were required at Wildwood near Shelby. Indiana State Road 55 was inundated by flood waters at Shelby. Lake 2/16/2005 Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 Kankakee River Flooding Precipitation over Northern Illinois and Northwest Indiana was above normal during the month of February. Many stages on rivers were high at the beginning of Location or County Date Type Mag Dth Inj PrD CrD Description February from flooding in January. A combination of rain and snowmelt resulted in rises above flood stage at several locations. A storm system February 12 produced between « to 1 inch of rainfall over portions of the Kankakee River Basin. This rainfall combined with snowmelt resulted in flooding. The flooding was limited primarily to forest preserve lands, park areas, and agricultural lands immediately adjacent to the river. Location Flood Stage From To Crest Level Date Time Dunns Bridge 10 2/17 2/25 11.04 2/20 23:00 Kouts 11 2/16 2/25 12.06 2/20 23:00 Shelby 9 2/08 into March 11.19 2/22 19:00 Lake 6/4/2005 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 Thunderstorms developed along an outflow boundary in eastern Illinois during the afternoon of June 4th. These thunderstorms moved east into northwest Indiana producing damaging winds, hail and very heavy rainfall. Flooding was reported in northern Lake County. Crown Point measured 2.24 inches of rain and Schererville measured 2.03 inches. Schererville 7/27/2006 Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 Four inches of water reported on Route 41, three quarters of a mile south of Route 30. Lake 9/13/2006 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 8.0M 0 Heavy rain fell across parts of northwest Lake County during the middle and late morning hours of September 13th, which caused major and significant flooding. Highland suffered some of the worse flooding with over 1,400 reports of flood damage and 14 homes condemned due to severe damage. At the height of the flooding, 90 percent of the streets in Highland were flooded. School buses were unable to take students home from school and one elementary school had to be evacuated by boat. Over 70 percent of the homes in Highland sustained some damage. Countless streets across northwest Indiana were flooded and impassible. Over 600 homes were damaged by flooding in East Chicago. Flood water was seen shooting out of storm drains and in a few cases, blew the manhole covers into the air. Numerous cars were stranded and floating in flood waters. Rainfall totals included 7.94 inches, 7.50 inches and 6.58 inches, all three in Highland; 6.56 inches in Schererville; 5.31 inches in Hammond; 4.06 inches in Munster and 3.53 inches in Crown Point. East Chicago 9/13/2006 Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 After flash flooding across northwest Lake County during the morning and afternoon hours of September 13th, flood waters slowly receded with some areas still flooded two days later on September 15th. Lowell 4/25/2007 Flood N/A 0 0 0K 0K Several roads and intersections were closed due to flooding, including 159th Street between Cline Avenue and Parrish due to one foot of standing water, 169th between the Illinois state line and Whiteoak due to one foot of standing water and 169th between Whiteoak and Sheffield. Heavy rains fell across far northwest Indiana during the morning hours of April 25th. Lowell and Crown Point measured 2.15 inches of rainfall. Munster 4/25/2007 Flood N/A 0 0 0K 0K Many low lying streets closed with up to 18 inches of standing water. Heavy rains fell across far northwest Indiana during the morning hours of April 25th. Lowell and Crown Point measured 2.15 inches of rainfall. Hammond 7/26/2007 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 500K 0K Heavy rain caused flooding along Interstate 80/94. Two passing lanes were closed with several vehicles stalled in high water. Over 500 basements were flooded in Hammond. The Indiana Dunes measured 2.79 inches of rain. Merrillville 8/15/2007 Flood N/A 0 0 0K 0K Five inches of water at 161st and Route 65.Powerful storms developed over southern Lake Michigan and moved south across northwest Indiana during the evening hours of August 15th. St John 8/23/2007 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0K 0K Streets closed due to flooding. Powerful, severe storms moved across northwest Indiana during the afternoon and evening hours of August 23rd. Location or County Date Type Mag Dth Inj PrD CrD Description Hammond 8/24/2007 Flood N/A 0 0 1.0M 0K Significant flooding occurred across parts of northwest Indiana due to heavy rains that fell during the evening of August 23rd, on top of already saturated soil. Interstate 80/94 at Kennedy Avenue was flooded with all eastbound lanes closed and two westbound lanes closed. In Merrillville, the Broadfield subdivision was flooded, several feet deep after retention ponds overflowed. Across northern Lake County, hundreds of basements were flooded and numerous roads were closed due to flooding. Many locations received 3 to 5 inches of rain. Powerful, severe storms moved across northwest Indiana during the afternoon and evening hours of August 23rd. Dyer 8/24/2007 Flood N/A 0 0 4.0M 0K St. Margaret Mercy Hospital in Dyer Indiana suffered significant flooding around noon on Friday, August 24th, about 20 hours after the heavy rains fell, when Hart Ditch overflowed it's banks. Sixty seven patients were evacuated from the healthcare center when it was apparent that floodwaters entering the building would submerge the Hospital???s emergency generators and cutoff the buildings power supply. The first floor suffered significant water damage. More than 150 homes near the creek also sustained some type of flood damage. US 30 at Plum Creek was closed due to flooding. Numerous cars were also damaged by flood waters. Powerful, severe storms moved across northwest Indiana during the afternoon and evening hours of August 23rd. Schneider 1/8/2008 Flood N/A 0 0 1.0M 0K Many roads were closed due to flooding. Numerous basements were also flooded. Creeks and streams overflowed their banks. The Broadfield subdivision in Merrillville suffered significant flooding. Lowell measured 2.81 inches of rainfall. Heavy rain fell across northwest Indiana which caused significant flooding. Lowell 6/5/2008 Heavy Rain N/A 0 0 0K 0K Four inches of storm total rainfall was measured in Lowell. Severe thunderstorms developed across parts of central Illinois and west central Indiana during the evening hours of June 4th and then moved northeast across northwest Indiana through the early morning hours of June 5th. Heavy rain and flash flooding was also reported. Munster 9/13/2008 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 500K 0K Basement flooding was reported in Highland. Street flooding with 2 to 8 inches of water was reported on Glenwood, Laporte, Grand and Duluth Roads. A warm front moved across northwest Indiana during the morning hours of September 13th as the remnants of tropical storm Lowell moved across the region. These two features combined to produce heavy rain and flash flooding across many areas of northwest Indiana. Artesian Wells 9/13/2008 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0K 0K Fields were reported flooded from 109th to 132nd Street and creeks had overflowed their banks. A warm front moved across northwest Indiana during the morning hours of September 13th as the remnants of tropical storm Lowell moved across the region. These two features combined to produce heavy rain and flash flooding across many areas of northwest Indiana. Location or County Date Type Mag Dth Inj PrD CrD Description Illinoi 9/14/2008 Flash Flood N/A 0 0 10.0M 0K Flash flooding or significant flooding was reported across most of Lake County, including street closures due to flooding, basement flooding and creek, stream and river flooding. Interstate 80/94 was closed due to flooding between Cline and Calumet Avenues. Parts of Interstate 65 were closed due to flooding. In Lake Station, 300 to 400 homes were evacuated. In Merrillville, part of 73rd Avenue was washed away, where three cars were damaged. In Dyer, Hart Ditch overtopped its banks which flooded the Briar Ridge Subdivision. Flood waters were several feet deep in parts of Hobart after flood waters overflowed Lake George. Numerous vehicles were submerged or abandoned. The remnants of hurricane Ike moved across northwest Indiana during the morning hours of September 14th. This system produced a second round of very heavy rain after a period of heavy rain just 24 hours earlier across many of the same areas. Flash flooding was common as many creeks, streams and rivers swelled over their banks, some reaching all-time high record crests. Flooding was extensive and widespread with some of the worst flooding located near streams and rivers. Storm total rainfall amounts for September 13th and September 14th (combined) included, 11.02 inches near Valparaiso, 10.69 inches in Porter, 10.59 inches in Chesterton, 10.41 inches in Lakes of the Four Seasons, 9.37 inches in Merrillville, 9.04 inches in Crown Point, 8.95 inches near Hammond, 8.31 inches in Hebron, 7.61 inches in Whiting, 7.43 inches in De Motte, 6.86 inches in Munster, 6.16 inches near Wheatfield, 5.85 inches in Rensselaer and 5.85 inches in Kentland. Munster 9/14/2008 Flood N/A 0 0 15.0M 0K Record flooding occurred along the Little Calumet River and its tributaries in northwest Indiana. A record crest of 17.32 feet was set at Munster on the 14th. Record flooding also occurred along Hart Ditch. Nearly 190 patients were evacuated from the Munster Med-Inn. Major flooding was reported in Munster with over a thousand homes evacuated as a levee along the Little Calumet River failed. Interstate 80/94 was closed in northwest Indiana when levees were topped by flood waters. Record flooding occurred along the Little Calumet River and its tributaries in northeast Illinois and northwest Indiana. Illinoi 9/14/2008 Flood N/A 0 0 0K 0K Widespread flooding across parts of Lake County slowly receded through September 17th.The remnants of hurricane Ike moved across northwest Indiana during the morning hours of September 14th. This system produced a second round of very heavy rain after a period of heavy rain just 24 hours earlier across many of the same areas. Flash flooding was common as many creeks, streams and rivers swelled over their banks, some reaching all-time high record crests. Flooding was extensive and widespread with some of the worst flooding located near streams and rivers. Storm total rainfall amounts for September 13th and September 14th (combined) included, 11.02 inches near Valparaiso, 10.69 inches in Porter, 10.59 inches in Chesterton, 10.41 inches in Lakes of the Four Seasons, 9.37 inches in Merrillville, 9.04 inches in Crown Point, 8.95 inches near Hammond, 8.31 inches in Hebron, 7.61 inches in Whiting, 7.43 inches in De Motte, 6.86 inches in Munster, 6.16 inches near Wheatfield, 5.85 inches in Rensselaer and 5.85 inches in Kentland. Shelby 9/15/2008 Flood N/A 0 0 1.0M 0K Extensive flooding closed roads and inundated large areas near the river. A levee break caused extensive flooding of homes in Sumava Resorts. Major flooding occurred along the Kankakee River over northwest Indiana and northeast Illinois. The most severe flooding occurred near Shelby, IN, where the second highest crest on record, 12.86 feet, occurred on the 18th. Lake 10/26/2008 High Wind 53 kts. 0 0 0K 0K A strong cold front moved across northwest Indiana during the afternoon hours of October 26th. A wind gust to 61 mph was measured at Gary Airport. Lake 11/18/2008 Lake-effect Snow N/A 0 0 0K 0K Lake effect snow developed during the early morning hours of November 18th across northwest Indiana. The snow shifted east from Lake County into Porter County. Snowfall totals ranged Location or County Date Type Mag Dth Inj PrD CrD Description from only a few inches across western Lake County to 6 to 8 inches along the Lake Porter County Line. Numerous locations in central Porter County received 8 to 10 inches of snow. The highest total reported was 10.0 inches 5 miles west southwest of Valparaiso. The snow was so heavy at times that visibilities were reported to be near zero. Lake 12/18/2008 Winter Storm N/A 0 0 0K 0K A strong winter storm moved across northwest Indiana during the late evening hours of December 18th into the morning of December 19th. Ice accumulations of one quarter to one half inch were reported across much of Benton, Newton and Jasper Counties. This ice accumulation caused numerous tree limbs and power lines to break. Power outages were widespread and power wasn't restored for over one week in some locations. A combination of snow, sleet and freezing rain fell across Lake and Porter Counties where ice accumulations were around one quarter of an inch and sleet/snow accumulations ranged between one half and one inch. The snow, ice and sleet caused numerous vehicle accidents and spinouts. Lake 12/21/2008 Extreme Cold/wind Chill N/A 0 0 0K 0K A combination of temperatures falling to 5 below zero and winds of 20 to 30 mph caused wind chill readings to drop to 35 below zero across parts of northwest Indiana during the morning hours of December 21st. Lake 1/14/2009 Winter Storm N/A 0 0 0K 0K A small but potent winter storm moved from the plains across northwest Indiana on January 14th. Air temperatures were only 5 to 15 degrees above zero and snow/water ratios were very high, in some cases 40 to 1. Snow began falling during the morning of January 14th and continued into the evening of January 14th. Lake effect snow then continued into the night across Porter County. Stormtotal snowfall amounts included 7.4 inches near Merrillville, 7.0 inches in Highland, 7.0 inches in Valparaiso and 6.1 inches in Lake of the Four Seasons. Lake 1/15/2009 Extreme Cold/wind Chill N/A 0 0 0K 0K Very cold temperatures combined with strong winds to create dangerously low wind chill values on January 15th which continued into the morning hours of January 16th. Low temperatures on the morning of January 15th dropped to 10 below to 15 below zero. Wind chill readings for most of January 15th ranged from 30 below to 40 below zero. Lake 1/20/2009 Lake-effect Snow N/A 0 0 0K 0K Lake effect snow developed late in the evening on January 18th over Porter County and then shifted west across Lake County during the early morning hours of January 20th. The lake effect snow ended during the evening hours of January 20th. Storm total snowfall amounts included 15.0 inches in Burdick, 14.0 inches 2 miles east of Chesterton, 10.8 inches near Valparaiso, 8.0 inches in Whiting, 6.4 inches in Highland and 6.2 inches in Schererville. Hammond 3/8/2009 Flood N/A 0 0 0K 0K High standing water was reported on both sides of Interstate 80/94 near Kennedy Avenue. Strong to severe thunderstorms moved across northwest Indiana during the morning and afternoon hours of March 8th. Heavy rain and flooding were also reported. Appendix D – Historical Hazard Maps The following map shows historical natural hazard events for Lake County. Figures A through H on the following pages depict magnified views of the demarcated regions shown below. Region A Region B Region C Region D Region E Region F Region G Region H Appendix E – Critical Facilities Maps The following map shows the locations of Lake County’s critical facilities. Figures A through H on the following pages depict magnified views of the demarcated regions on the county map. Each magnified view includes a table with the facility identification number, name, and type of critical facility. The facility identification number can be matched to the numbers listed above the facilities in the map. The numbers were automatically assigned through HAZUS-MH and may repeat; the legend clarifies types of facilities. Region A ID# Name Facility Type ID# Name Facility Type 21 Lakeview Ambulatory Center Care 6 Mobil Oil Corp., East Chicago Terminal D Port 59 Hammond-Whiting Care Center Care 7 Safety-Kleen Oil Recovery Company, East Port 17 NEW Communication 8 Amoco Oil Co. Indiana Harbor Dock. Port 19 NEW Communication 9 United States Gypsum Co., Indiana Harbor Port 32 T_Mobile Communication 10 LTV Steel Co., Indiana Harbor Works Coke Port 34 Cell Tower Communication 13 Northern Indiana Dock Co. Wharf. Port 35 Cell Tower Communication 16 Lehigh Portland Cement Co., Buffington H Port 36 Cell Tower Communication 17 Inland Steel Co., No. 6 Dock. Port 52 Central Communication 18 Inland Steel Co., No. 4 Dock. Port 54 Mark Town Communication 19 Inland Steel Co., Plant No. 2 Dock. Port 59 Lever Bros Unilever Communication 20 American Terminals, Inc., North Dock. Port 60 Robertsdale SubStation Communication 21 American Terminals, Inc., South Dock. Port 1 Commonwealth Edison Test Electric Power 40 Water Filtration Facility Potable Water 4 State Line Energy LLC Electric Power 44 Whiting Filtration Plant Potable Water 5 Nipsco Power Plant Electric Power 4 Matlack Bulk Intermodal: Whiting Rail 6 Whiting Fire Dept Fire Dept 5 American Terminals Inc: E Chicago Rail ID# Name Facility Type ID# Name Facility Type 14 East Chicago Fire Dept Station 1 Fire Dept 6 Northern Ind Dock Co: East Chicago Rail 33 East Chicago Fire Dept Station 2 Fire Dept 7 Mobil Oil Corp: East Chicago Rail 41 Fire and Police Station #2 Fire Dept 9 Atlas Iron Processors: East Chicago Rail 1 Harsco Co, Heckett Multiserv Plant 7 Hazmat Site 14 HAMMOND-WHITING Rail 2 State Line Generating LLC Hazmat Site 48 East Chicago Central High Sch School 22 Mobil Oil Hammond Terminal Hazmat Site 49 Eugene Field Elementary School School 44 LTV Steel Co. Hazmat Site 53 Abraham Lincoln Elementary Sch School 54 American Steel Foundries Hazmat Site 57 West Side Junior High School School 57 Ispat Inland Inc Hazmat Site 98 George Rogers Clark Md/HS School 85 Praxair Inc Hazmat Site 107 Benjamin Franklin Elem Sch School 93 Safety Kleen Oil Recovery Co Hazmat Site 136 Whiting High School School 94 Phillips Petroleum Co. Hazmat Site 137 Whiting Middle School School 113 Premcor Inc Hazmat Site 138 Nathan Hale Elementary School School 148 Ferro Corp Hammond Site Hazmat Site 147 Indiana Harbor Catholic School School 149 Unilever HPC USA - Hammond Hazmat Site 153 Saint John The Baptist School School 153 Cerestar USA Inc Hazmat Site 182 St Josephs Home for Boys School 239 BP Amoco Chemical Co Hazmat Site 188 Hammond Environmental Education Center School 264 BP Amoco Oil Refy Hazmat Site 194 Calumet College School 265 BP Amoco Oil Co. Whiting Terminal Hazmat Site 3 Main Library User Defined Site 348 Hammond Water Plant Hazmat Site 5 Bessie Owens Community Recreation Center User Defined Site 350 Calumet Container Hazmat Site 7 Mark Town Community Center User Defined Site 375 Verizon North Hammond Hazmat Site 9 Penn Center User Defined Site 376 Wolverine Pipeline Company Hazmat Site 10 Roberto Clemente Center User Defined Site 1 BP Amoco Oil Co. Whiting Refinery Oil 13 Filtration Plant User Defined Site 2 Energy Coop Inc Oil 16 Marina User Defined Site 10 Whiting Police Dept Police Dept 17 Post Office User Defined Site 21 Lake County Sheriff Police Dept 19 Ameristar Casino User Defined Site 1 Mobil Oil Corp., Calumet River Branch So Port 22 Hunter Senior Citizen Building User Defined Site 2 CITGO Petroleum Corp. East Chicago Dock. Port 42 Transportation Dept User Defined Site 4 Atlas Iron Processors Calumet River Bran Port 43 US General Svc Adm User Defined Site 5 Service Waste, Inc. East Chicago Dock. Port 51 Whiting Community Center User Defined Site 17 Detention Basin (pump to Hammond) Wastewater Treatment Region B ID# Name Facility Type ID# Name Facility Type 2 GARY/CHICAGO Airport Airport/Heliport 25 Hammond City Police Dept Police Dept 6 ESCC Airport/Heliport 26 Hammond Police Dept Police Dept 2 Progressive Transportation Svc Bus 32 Central Police Station Police Dept 4 Hammond Transit System Bus 11 Cline Ave (Peoples Water) Potable Water 5 East Chicago Bus Transit Bus 19 East Chicago Booster Potable Water 1 St Margaret Mercy Healthcare Ctrs Care 26 JR Bradley Pump Station Potable Water 11 St. Catherine Hospital Inc Care 29 Kennedy Ave Storage Potable Water 12 Calumet Surgery Ctr Care 30 River Bend Pump Station Potable Water 83 Columbia Medical Center Care 31 Water Tanks Potable Water 84 Concentra Medical Center Care 32 Calumet Pump Station Potable Water 85 Davita Comprehensive Renal Care Care 33 Water Tanks Potable Water 86 Medical Clinics of America Care 34 Water Tanks Potable Water 87 South Side Medical Clinic Care 39 Water Dept Potable Water 88 Caatherine McCauley Clinis Care 41 Water Tower Potable Water 25 Community Health Center Care 42 Water Tower Potable Water 27 Ophelia Steen Family and Health Care 1 CSXT East Chicago Bulk TransFlo Rail 38 Gary Black Oak Care 2 Arro Packaging Co: East Chicago Rail 44 Munster Med Inn Care 3 MDT Transloading Services: Hammond Rail 46 Lake County Nursing & Care 8 Citgo Petroleum Corp: East Rail ID# Name Facility Type ID# Name Facility Type Rehabilitation Ctr Chicago 90 Hammond Clinic Care 11 Dav-Con Steel Processing: Hammond Rail 1 WJOB Communication 17 Southshore Train Station (HMD) Rail 13 NEW Communication 18 Southshore Train Station (EC) Rail 15 NEW Communication 35 Grissom Elem School School 27 East Chicago 911 Communication 50 Benjamin Franklin Elem School School 28 T-Mobile Communication 51 Carrie Gosch Elem School School 29 Cell Tower Communication 52 Benjamin Harrison Elem Sch School 30 Cell Tower Communication 54 William McKinley Elem Sch School 31 Cell Tower Communication 55 George Washington Elem School School 33 NIPSCO Communication 56 Joseph L Block Jr High School School 37 Cell Tower Communication 70 Brunswick Elem School School 38 Cell Tower Communication 77 Ivanhoe Elem School School 51 Fire Station Communication 99 Donald E Gavit Mdl/High Sch School 55 Unknown Communication 100 Hammond High School School 56 Unknown Communication 101 Morton Senior High School School 57 Lincoln School Communication 102 Area Career Center School 58 City Hall Communication 103 Charles N Scott Middle School School 61 Sanitary District Communication 104 Lee L Caldwell Elem Sch School 62 Rhodia Communication 105 Columbia Elem School School 68 Bradley Pumpkin Store Communication 106 Thomas A Edison Elem Sch School 12 Majestic Star Casino Electric 108 Warren G Harding Elem Sch School 1 Hammond Civil Defense EOC 109 Washington Irving Elem Sch School 6 East Chicago Public Safety EOC 110 Thomas Jefferson Elem Sch School 13 Hammond Police Communications EOC 111 Kenwood Elem School School 19 Hammond Fire Dept Fire Dept 112 Lafayette Elem School School 34 East Chicago Fire Dept Station 3 Fire Dept 113 Abraham Lincoln Elem Sch School 35 East Chicago Fire Dept Station 4 Fire Dept 114 Maywood Elem School School 40 Fire Station #1 Fire Dept 115 Morton Elem School School 42 Fire Station #5 Fire Dept 116 Orchard Drive Elem Sch School 43 Fire Station #7 Fire Dept 117 Lew Wallace Elem School School 44 Fire Station #6 Fire Dept 118 Frank O'Bannon Elem School School 45 Fire Station #8 Fire Dept 121 Judith Morton Johnston Elem School 13 AMG Resources Corp Hazmat Site 133 James B Eads Elem Sch School 21 Silgan Containers Corp. Hazmat Site 146 St Stanislaus School School 33 Citgo Petroleum Corp Hazmat Site 150 Saint Casimir School School 43 Dupont East Chicago Plant Hazmat Site 151 Saint Catherine Of Siena School School 72 Union Tank Car Co. Plant 1 Hazmat Site 152 Saint John Bosco School School 77 National Briquett Corp. Hazmat Site 154 Bishop Noll Institute School 80 National Processing Co. Hazmat Site 163 West Side High School School 81 National Refractories and Minerals Corp Hazmat Site 164 Henry W Eggers Elem/Md Sch School 84 Pollution Control INDS Inc Hazmat Site 165 Intergenerational Center School 121 Dietrich Ind Inc Hazmat Site 174 Aspire Charter Academy School 122 Davies Imperial Coatings Inc Hazmat Site 181 Purdue University Calumet School 129 Jupiter Aluminum Corp. Hazmat Site 183 Sawyer College School 161 Equilon East Chicago Terminal Hazmat Site 184 Hammond Head Start School 162 Rhodia Inc. Hazmat Site 185 Pied Piper Preschool School 205 AGA Gas Inc Hazmat Site 186 Woodland Childcare School 206 Hammond Lead Prods. Halox Hazmat Site 187 Indiana College of Commerce School 213 Hammond Group Inc, Halstab Div Hazmat Site 189 Gibson Nature Center School ID# Name Facility Type ID# Name Facility Type 214 Harbison Walker Refractories Hazmat Site 190 Purdue Entreprenurial Center School 216 LaSalle Steel Co. Hazmat Site 191 The Shepherd's Academy School 341 One Shot LLC Hazmat Site 192 Montessori Children's Schhouse School 342 Great Lakes Metals LLC Hazmat Site 193 Baptists School School 347 Hammond LLC Hazmat Site 195 City Baptists School School 349 Wolverine Hazmat Site 4 East Chicago Public Library User Defined Site 351 165th Street Complex Hazmat Site 6 Heritage Hall User Defined Site 352 Ameritech Hazmat Site 8 Martin Luther King Center User Defined Site 353 Arrow Cleaners Hazmat Site 11 Roxana Center User Defined Site 354 Cintas #319 Hazmat Site 12 151st St Center User Defined Site 355 ASF - Keystone Inc Hazmat Site 14 City Hall User Defined Site 356 D & D Industries Hazmat Site 15 Central Services User Defined Site 357 Defense Nat'l Stockpile Ctr, Hammnd Depo Hazmat Site 18 Post Office User Defined Site 358 First Transit Inc Hazmat Site 21 Senior Citizens Building User Defined Site 359 Gas City Pantry Hazmat Site 30 Family and Social SVS Adm User Defined Site 360 Hammond Operating Headquarters Hazmat Site 31 Hammond Animal Control User Defined Site 361 Huhtamaki Food Service Inc Hazmat Site 32 Hammond City Offices User Defined Site 362 IHB Gibson Yard Hazmat Site 33 Hammond Health Dept User Defined Site 363 Illco Hazmat Site 34 Hammond Recycling Dept User Defined Site 364 Illiana Transit Warehouse Hazmat Site 35 Hammond Sanitation Gargage User Defined Site 365 Lear Corporation Hazmat Site 36 Hammond Sewer Maintenance User Defined Site 366 Patten Industries Hazmat Site 37 Judge office User Defined Site 367 Purdue University Calumet Hazmat Site 38 Lake County Commissioner User Defined Site 368 Resco Products Inc Hazmat Site 39 Northern District of Indiana User Defined Site 369 SBC Hazmat Site 40 Lake County Welfare Dept. User Defined Site 370 Speedway #8335 Hazmat Site 41 North Township Trustee Office User Defined Site 371 Speedway #8305 Hazmat Site 44 US Social Security Adm User Defined Site 372 Speedway #8332 Hazmat Site 45 Hammond Civic Center User Defined Site 373 Sprint Hammond Pop Hazmat Site 46 E.B. Hayward Library User Defined Site 374 United Parcel Service Hazmat Site 47 Main Library User Defined Site 377 Linde Gas, LLC Hazmat Site 48 Howard Library User Defined Site 1 National Guard Armory Military 49 Jean Shepherd Community Center User Defined Site 14 East Chicago Police Dept Police Dept 7 East Chicago Sanitary District WWTP 15 Lake County Sheriff's Office Police Dept 15 Hammond Sanitary District WWTP WWTP Region C ID# Name Facility Type ID# Name Facility Type 3 Police Airport 13 Miller Booster Station Potable Water 4 Northwest Family Hosp Airport 16 28th & Madison Potable Water 3 Gary Public Transportation Bus 17 27th & Washington Potable Water 10 Methodist Hospital Northlake Campus Care 18 Martin Luther King Potable Water 26 Community Health Ctr Care 20 Miller Reservoir Potable Water 35 Gary 21st Avenue Care 21 19th Avenue Tower Potable Water 36 Grant Street Care 23 Miller Tower Potable Water 39 Methodist Hospital North Campus Care 10 Chicago Steel & Tinplate: Gary Rail 40 Lake Station Care 12 Roll & Hold Warehousing: Gary Rail 47 Clark Nursing and Rehab Ctr Care 15 EJ & E M of W Control Ctr Kirk Yard Rail 62 Simmons Loving Care Care 58 Thomas A Edison Jr-Sr HS School 63 West Side Health Care Ctr Care 59 Alexander Hamilton Elem Sch School 66 Lake Park Residential Care Inc Care 60 Virgil I Bailey Elem School School 67 Miller Beach Terrace Care 61 Central Elem School School 70 Timberview Health Care Ctr Care 62 Carl J Polk Elem School School 79 Progressive Care Unit Care 64 Theodore Roosevelt High Sch School 4 WLTH Communication 65 Tolleston Middle School School 6 W18AT Communication 66 Emerson Visual Arts School 2 Mitchell DH Generating Station Electric Power 67 Benjamin Banneker Elem Sch School 3 NIPSCO Aetna Flood Mgmt & Maintenance Electric Power 68 Mary M Bethune Early Child Dev Ctr School ID# Name Facility Type ID# Name Facility Type 14 Methodist Hospital Electric 69 Beveridge Elem School School 7 Gary Fire Prevention Bureau Fire Dept 71 George Washington Carver Sch School 13 Lake Station Fire Dept Fire Dept 72 Watson Academy School 6 Northern Indiana Public Service Co. Hazmat Site 73 McCullough Academy School 12 North American Refractory Co. Hazmat Site 75 Lincoln Achievement Ctr School 230 Chris Craft Indl Prods Inc Hazmat Site 76 Martin Luther King School Alt School 275 Republic Techs. Intl Gary Dunes Hazmat Site 79 Jefferson Elem School School 279 PVS Techs Inc Hazmat Site 81 Alain L Locke Elem Sch School 281 USS Gary Works Hazmat Site 83 Benjamin Banneker Elem Sch School 320 Republic Techs Intl Gary 7th Ave Hazmat Site 84 Nobel Elem School School 324 Anderson Development Co. Hazmat Site 85 Horace S Norton Elem Sch School 330 Tinplate Partners Intl Hazmat Site 86 Dunbar-Pulaski Middle School School 340 Prochemco Inc Hazmat Site 87 Ernie Pyle Elem School School 8 Gary Police Dept Police Dept 89 John H Vohr Elem School School 20 Lake Station Police Dept Police Dept 91 Emerson VPA School 22 Lake County Sheriff's Ofc Police Dept 148 St Francis Xavier School School 24 Gary Police Community Relation Police Dept 160 Charter School of the Dunes School 30 Gary Police Civil Svc Comm Police Dept 161 Thea Bowman Leadership Academy School 14 USX Corp., Gary Works, East Dock. Port 170 21st Century Charter School School 15 USX Corp., Gary Works, West Dock. Port 171 KIPP Lead College Prep School 8 Park Station Potable Water 176 Christ Baptist Christian Academy School 9 Low Service Building Potable Water 177 Lighthouse Academy Inc School 10 Service Ctr Potable Water 8 Gary Sanitary District WWTP 12 13th & Jennings Station Potable Water Region D ID# Name Facility Type ID# Name Facility Type 5 Griffith-Merrillville Airport 2 Water Pump Stn Potable Water 14 Community Hospital Airport 27 US 41 Water Tower Potable Water 2 St. Margaret Mercy Healthcare Ctrs Inc Care 28 Ridge Road Water Tower Potable Water 3 Community Hospital Care 36 Water Tanks Potable Water 9 Franciscan Physicians Hospital Care 37 Water Tanks Potable Water 17 Ctrs for Pain Management Care 38 Water Tank Potable Water 18 Community Surgery Ctr LLC Care 45 Municipal Water Utility Potable Water 20 Munster Same-Day Surgery Ctr Care 46 Water Tower Potable Water 32 Community Hospital Care 47 Water Tower Potable Water 49 Regency Place of Dyer Care 13 DYER Rail 50 Dyer Nursing and Rehab Care 178 Highland Christian School School 53 Transitional Care Ctr of St. Margaret Care 19 Michael Grimmer Middle School School 61 Walnut Creek at Highland Care 23 James H Watson Elem Sch School 73 Transitional Care Ctr at Community Hosp Care 24 Kahler Middle School School 75 Care Ctr at Hartsfield Village Care 25 Protsman Elementary School School 77 Commons at Hartfield Village Care 26 West Lake Spec Ed Coop School 26 Police Dept Communication 27 Homan Elementary School School 39 AT&T Switch Office Communication 28 Peifer Elementary School School 40 Miner Electronics Communication 34 Calumet High School School 41 No name given Communication 38 The Ensweiler Academy School ID# Name Facility Type ID# Name Facility Type 42 No name given Communication 92 Beiriger Elementary School School 43 No name given Communication 93 Griffith Senior High School School 44 No name given Communication 94 Griffith Middle School School 45 No name given Communication 95 Franklin Elementary School School 49 Police Dept Communication 96 Eldon Ready Elementary School School 63 Central Fire Station Communication 97 Elsie Wadsworth Elem Sch School 64 South Fire Station Communication 119 Highland High School School 65 North Fire Station Communication 120 Highland Middle School School 66 Unknown Communication 122 Mildred Merkley Elem School School 67 Fire Station #1 Communication 123 Southridge Elementary School School 69 Water Company Communication 124 Allen J Warren Elem Sch School 75 Fire Station Communication 131 Munster High School School 80 Reder Park Communication 132 Wilbur Wright Middle School School 81 600 Block Communication 134 Ernest R Elliott Elem Sch School 82 Unknown Communication 135 Frank H Hammond Elem Sch School 83 Unknown Communication 141 Saint Michael School School 6 NIPSCO Sub Station Electric Power 143 Saint Joseph School School 7 NIPSCO Sub Station Electric Power 149 Saint Mary School School 8 NIPSCO Sub Station Electric Power 155 Our Lady Of Grace School School 10 NIPSCO Substation Electric Power 157 Saint Thomas More School School 11 NIPSCO Substation Electric Power 158 Saint Paul's Lutheran School School 2 Highland Civil Defense EOC 159 Campagna Academy Charter Sch School 5 Griffith EOC EOC 162 Longfellow Elementary School School 9 Central Fire EOC 166 Forest Ridge Academy School 12 Munster Public Works EOC 179 Calvary Baptist School School 1 Munster Fire Dept Fire Dept 180 Bible Baptist School School 5 Schererville Fire Dept Fire Dept 202 White Oak Childrens Ctr School 8 Dyer Fire Dept Fire Dept 1 SBC Schererville Central Office User Defined Site 11 Highland Fire Dept Fire Dept 23 Highland Town Hall User Defined Site 18 Schererville Fire Dept Fire Dept 24 Lincoln Ctr Evac/recovery User Defined Site 26 Griffith Station #1 Fire Dept 25 Centennial Park User Defined Site 27 Griffith Station #2 Fire Dept 26 Veterans Memorial Park User Defined Site 28 Fire Station #4 Fire Dept 27 Public Library User Defined Site 38 Munster Fire Dept Station III Fire Dept 28 Visual Art Ctr User Defined Site 39 Munster Fire Dept Station II Fire Dept 29 Town of Munster Bus Barn User Defined Site 47 North Fire Station Fire Dept 52 Childrens Daycare Ctr User Defined Site 48 Dyer Fire Dept Fire Dept 53 World of Rainbows Learning Ctr User Defined Site 49 Dyer Fire Station #2 Fire Department 55 Dyer Town Hall User Defined Site 102 LaSalle Steel Co. Hazmat Site 56 US Government Ctr User Defined Site 103 American Chemical Service Inc Hazmat Site 57 Munster Town Hall User Defined Site 233 Mason Corp Hazmat Site 1 Dyer WWTP WWTP 234 Avery Dennison Hazmat Site 9 Schererville WWTP WWTP 346 Pepsi Hazmat Site 14 Storm Water Pump Station WWTP 2 Texas Eastern Products Pipeline Co Natural Gas 18 Lift Station WWTP 3 Texas Eastern Trans Compressor Station Natural Gas 19 Lift Station WWTP 3 Laketon Refining Corp Oil 20 Lift Station WWTP 4 Marathon Oil Company Oil 21 Lift Station WWTP 5 Texas Oil Company Oil 22 Lift Station WWTP 6 Embridge Oil 23 Lift Station WWTP 2 Munster Police Dept Police Dept 24 Lift Station WWTP 4 Griffith Police Dept Police Dept 25 Lift Station WWTP 9 Police Dept Police Dept 26 Lift Station WWTP 13 Dyer Police Dept Police Dept 27 Lift Station WWTP 17 Schererville Police Dept Police Dept 28 Lift Station WWTP 18 Highland Police Dept Police Dept 29 Lift Station WWTP Region E ID# Name Facility Type ID# Name Facility Type 7 Hobart Sky Ranch Airport 22 41st & Massachusetts Tower Potable Water 8 St. Mary Medical Ctr Airport 24 32nd & Georgia Potable Water 1 Gary Public Transportation Bus 7 River Forest Jr-Sr High School School 7 St. Mary Medical Ctr Care 8 Henry S Evans Elementary Sch School 37 Gary Glenn Park Care 9 River Forest Elementary Sch School 45 North Lake Nursing and Rehab Care 10 John I Meister Elementary School School 51 Miller's Merry Manor Care 11 Merrillville High Sch School 52 Towne Centre Health Care Care 12 Pierce Middle School School 60 Sebo's Nursing and Rehab Care 13 Merrillville Intermediate School School 69 Terrace at Towne Centre Care 14 Henry P Fieler Elem Sch School 78 Brentwood Assisted Living Community Care 15 Homer Iddings Elem Sch School 3 WLTH Communication 16 Edgar L Miller Elem Sch School 5 WWCA Communication 17 John Wood Elementary School School 16 NEW Communication 18 Jonas E Salk Elem Sch School 25 WGVE-FM Communication 36 Hosford Park Elementary School 73 Fire Station #4 Communication 37 Lake Ridge Middle School School 74 Fire Station #3 Communication 63 Lew Wallace High School School 76 Fire Station #1 Communication 74 Benjamin Franklin Elem School School 4 Lake George Dam Dam 78 Bailly Elementary School School 3 Hobart City Civil Defense EOC 80 Kuny Elementary School School 7 Hobart EMA EOC 82 Arthur P Melton Elem School School 10 Town Hall EOC 88 Gary Career Ctr School ID# Name Facility Type ID# Name Facility Type 11 Police Dept Mobile Unit EOC 90 Daniel Webster Elem Sch School 10 Merrillville Fire Dept Fire Dept 125 Hobart High School School 12 Lake Station Fire Dept Fire Dept 126 Hobart Middle School School 15 Calumet Township Fire Dept Fire Dept 127 George Earle Elementary Sch School 16 Hobart Fire Dept Fire Dept 128 Liberty Elementary School School 29 Hobart Fire Dept House #2 Fire Dept 129 Ridge View Elementary School School 30 Hobart Fire Dept House #3 Fire Dept 130 Joan Martin Elementary School School 31 Hobart Fire Dept House #4 Fire Dept 139 Aquinas Catholic Comm School School 36 Merrillville Fire Dept #3 Fire Dept 140 Andrean High School School 37 Merrillville Fire Dept #4 Fire Dept 156 Saint Bridget School School 219 Praxair Distribution Inc Hazmat Site 169 Indiana University Northwest School 5 New Chicago Police Dept Police Dept 172 Gary Lighthouse Charter School School 11 Hobart Police Dept Police Dept 173 Gary Lighthouse Charter School School 19 Community Policing Police Dept 175 Embassies of Christ Ambassador Academy School 23 Hobart Police-Detective Bureau Police Dept 3 Community Utilities of Gary WWTP 28 Police Dept Police Dept 6 Independence Hill WWTP 14 35th Ave Booster Station Potable Water 12 Hobart Lift Station WWTP 15 41St & Carolina Station Potable Water 13 Merrillville Conservancey District WWTP Region F ID# Name Facility Type ID# Name Facility Type 89 Community Hospital Outpatient Care 49 Water Tower Potable Water 91 St Anthony Medical Center Care 50 Water Tower Potable Water 92 Da Vita St John Dialysis Center Care 51 Water Treatment and Well Potable Water 14 W240BJ Communication 3 Lincoln Elementary School School 20 891019MA Communication 22 George Bibich Elementary Sch School 21 891019MA Communication 201 Grace Lutheran School 50 Bibich School Emergency Siren Communication 40 Douglas MacArthur Elem Sch School 77 Fire Training Site Communication 142 Saint John Evangelist School School 78 Ice Arena Emergency Siren Communication 167 Clark Middle School School 79 Emergency Siren Communication 168 Crown Point Christian School School 86 Cell Tower Communication 54 Daycare Center User Defined Site 7 Lake Hills Dam Dam 58 Midwest Ice arena User Defined Site 8 St John Town Hall EOC 30 Lift Station WWTP 2 St John Fire Dept Fire Dept 31 Lift Station WWTP 344 St John Public Works Hazmat Site 32 St John Lift Station 2 WWTP 345 St John Water Works Hazmat Site 33 St John Lift Station 4 WWTP 378 St John Water Works Hazmat Site 34 St John Lift Station 5 WWTP 1 ANR Pipeline Co St. John Natural Gas 35 St John Lift Station 6 WWTP 3 St John Police Dept Police Dept 36 St John Lift Station 7 WWTP 1 St. John Water Works Potable Water 37 St John Lift Station 8 WWTP 4 Havenwood Pumphouse Potable Water 38 St John Lift Station 9 WWTP 5 Well #4 Potable Water 39 St John Lift Station 10 WWTP ID# Name Facility Type ID# Name Facility Type 6 East Side Water Tower Potable Water 40 St John Lift Station 12 WWTP 7 West Side Water Tower Potable Water 41 St John Lift Staion 13 WWTP 48 Water Tower Potable Water Region G ID# Name Facility Type ID# Name Facility Type 1 St. Anthony Airport 18 NEW Communication 12 NIPSCO Southlake Complex Airport 72 Fire Station #2 Communication 13 Kirk Airport 3 Lake of the Four Seasons (Lower) Dam 15 Broadway Methodist Airport 5 GS DD No B-64 (GC 17) Dam 6 Chicago Charter Express Bus 4 Crown Point Civil Defense EOC 4 St. Anthony Medical Ctr of Crown Point Care 3 Crown Point City Fire Dept Fire Dept 5 Methodist Hospital Southlake Campus Care 22 Ross Township Fire Station Fire Dept 6 Southlake Ctr for Mental Health Care 32 LOFS Volunteer Fire Force Fire Dept 13 Novamed Eye Surgery Ctr Merrillville Care 27 Vesuvius USA - Crown Point Plant Hazmat Site 15 IMA Endoscopy Surgical Ctr Care 5 NIPSCO Natural Gas 16 Grand Park Surgical Ctr Inc Care 1 Lakes Of Four Seasons Security Police Dept 19 Merrillville Ctr for Advanced Surgery Care 7 Crown Point Police Dept Police Dept 23 Lake Park Surgicare LLC Care 12 Lake County Sheriff Bureau-Id Police Dept 24 Apac Surgery Ctr II Care 1 Eagle Park Community School School ID# Name Facility Type ID# Name Facility Type 28 Merrillville WIC Program Care 39 Robert Taft Middle School School 33 St. Anthony Medical Ctr Care 41 Dwight D Eisenhower Elem Sch School 34 Methodist Hospital Southlake Campus Care 43 Crown Point High School School 48 St. Anthony Home Care 44 Lake Street Elementary School School 54 Southlake Nursing and Rehab Ctr Care 45 Solon Robinson Elementary Sch School 56 Colonial Nursing Home Care 46 Jerry Ross Elementary School School 64 Wittenberg Lutheran Village Care 47 Timothy Ball Elementary Sch School 65 Lincolnshire Health Care Ctr Care 145 Saint Mary School School 68 Chicagoland Christian Village Care 4 Winfield Township WWTP WWTP 72 Progressive Care Unit Care 5 Deep River Water Park WWTP WWTP 74 Outlook Pointe at Merrillville Care 10 Crown Point WWTP WWTP 76 Alterra Sterling House of Merrillville Care 11 Twin Lakes Utility WWTP 82 Broadwest Surgical Ctr Care Region H ID# Name Facility Type ID# Name Facility Type 9 Wietbrock Airport 21 Cedar Lake Ambulance Svc Fire Dept 10 Lowell Airport 23 Cedar Lake Vol. Fire-Ambulance Fire Dept 11 Sutton's Field Airport 25 West Creek Township Fire Dept Fire Dept 57 Lowell Healthcare Ctr Care 221 Rieter Automotive N.A. Inc Hazmat Site 2 WYIN Communication 222 SACO Inds Inc Hazmat Site ID# Name Facility Type ID# Name Facility Type 7 WYIN Communication 224 Avery Dennison Mfd Hazmat Site 8 WZVN Communication 6 Lowell Police Dept Police Dept 9 WZVN Communication 16 Schneider Police Dept Police Dept 10 WZVN Communication 27 Cedar Lake Police Dept Police Dept 11 WXRD Communication 3 Water Tower Entry Point 1 Potable Water 12 WXRD Communication 43 Lowell Water Treatment Plant Potable Water 22 910409MF Communication 2 Jane Ball Elementary School School 23 910409MF Communication 4 Hanover Central Jr High School 24 WWLO Communication 5 Hanover Central High Sch School 46 New Emergency Siren Communication 29 Oak Hill Elementary School School 47 Emergency Siren Communication 30 Lake Prairie Elementary Sch School 48 Cedar Lakes Public Works Emergency Siren Communication 31 Three Creeks Elem School School 70 Fire Station Communication 32 Lowell Middle School School 71 Fire Station Communication 33 Lowell Senior High School School 84 Fire Station Communication 42 Winfield Elementary School School 85 Shelby Fire Station Communication 144 Saint Edward's School School 1 Lake Dalecarlia Dam (East) Dam 197 Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Preschool School 2 Lake Dalecarlia Dam (West) Dam 198 Lowell Christian Academy School 6 No name given Dam 2 Cedar Lake Public Works Dept User Defined Site 4 Lowell Fire Dept Fire Dept 2 Schneider WWTP WWTP 9 Shelby Fire Dept Fire Dept 16 Lowell Wastewater Treatment Plant WWTP 17 Fire Dept Fire Dept Appendix F – USGS Stream Gauge Data The following gauge information was obtained from The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service website (www.weather.gov/ahps/). For Lake County, data is provided for two points: Little Calumet River at Munster and Kankakee River at Shelby. Little Calumet River at Munster Little Calumet River at Munster location map Flood Categories (in feet) Major Flood Stage: 17 Moderate Flood Stage: 14 Flood Stage: 12 Action Stage: 11.5 Historical Crests (1) 17.31 ft on 09/14/2008 (2) 17.03 ft on 11/28/1990 (3) 16.40 ft on 06/14/1981 (4) 16.20 ft on 07/19/1996 (5) 16.03 ft on 12/04/1982 (6) 15.68 ft on 02/22/1997 (7) 15.66 ft on 06/02/1989 (8) 15.35 ft on 05/13/2002 (9) 14.88 ft on 08/25/2007 (10) 14.43 ft on 12/25/1965 Feet Flood Impacts 15.0 Flooding begins to affect some residences near the river. 12.0 Minor overbank flooding immediately adjacent to the river begins. Kankakee River at Shelby Kankakee River at Shelby location map Flood Categories (in feet) Major Flood Stage: 12.5 Moderate Flood Stage: 11 Flood Stage: 9 Action Stage: 8.8 Historical Crests (1) 12.98 ft on 03/24/1982 (2) 12.86 ft on 09/18/2008 (3) 12.32 ft on 01/14/2005 (4) 12.25 ft on 03/09/1985 (5) 12.23 ft on 07/25/1996 (6) 12.11 ft on 03/02/1997 (7) 11.92 ft on 08/23/1990 (8) 11.91 ft on 01/02/1991 (9) 11.80 ft on 01/08/1993 (10) 11.78 ft on 04/29/1999 Feet Flood Impacts 13.0 Indiana Route 55 is flooded. Extensive flooding occurs to the Sumava Resorts area. Water approaches the top of levees. 12.5 Water flows over part of US 41. 11.5 Flood waters surround a number of homes located 1 mile east of Sumava Resorts. Some homes are affected just across the state line in Illinois. 10.0 Flooding affects county and local roads. Wildwood Estates and Sumava Resorts begin to experience some flooding. 9.0 Lowland agricultural flooding begins. Appendix G – Adopting Resolutions Resolution #_____________ ADOPTING THE LAKE COUNTY MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN WHEREAS, Lake County recognizes the threat that natural hazards pose to people and property; and WHEREAS, undertaking hazard mitigation actions before disasters occur will reduce the potential for harm to people and property and save taxpayer dollars; and WHEREAS, an adopted multi-hazard mitigation plan is required as a condition of future grant funding for mitigation projects; and WHERAS, Lake County participated jointly in the planning process with the other local units of government within the County to prepare a Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan; NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the Lake County Board hereby adopts the Lake County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan as an official plan; and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Lake County Emergency Management Agency will submit on behalf of the participating municipalities the adopted Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan to the Indiana Emergency Management Agency and the Federal Emergency Management Agency for final review and approval. ADOPTED THIS _____________ Day of _________________, 2010. _______________________________ County Board Member _______________________________ County Board Member _______________________________ County Board Member _______________________________ Attested by: County Clerk